管道腐蚀检测装置的创新设计

介绍了创新设计策略和TRIZ解决创新设计问题的流程,针对现有管道腐蚀检测装置存在的拆装不便、不能轴向移动和效率低等问题,通过分析技术冲突,运用矛盾矩阵和发明原理,进行了在役管道的腐蚀检测工装的创新设计.新设计能实现检测装置的快速装夹以及沿管道的轴向移动,提高了射线检测的效率和适应性.     

工业管道腐蚀自动外检测仪的创新设计

工业管道具有管径较小,所处环境不易接触等特点,因此其检测和维护是现代工业生产中的一道难题。针对上述问题,设计了一种基于水耦合超声检测技术的工业管道腐蚀自动外检测仪,用于在役被腐蚀工业管道的外壁检测,应用模块化设计的思想,对其驱动模块、吸附模块、检测模块以及控制模块进行了设计,并在Solidworks中进行了建模和模拟仿真。该检测仪可自动行走检测,自动绕过障碍物、弯管及三通,具有自动行走、操作简单、智能检测、适用管道范围广和效率高等优点。     

核电站管道弯头超声检测装置设计及验证

本文设计了一种针对核电站管道弯头背脊拉伸区在役裂纹上的检测装置,确定其机械机构,包括机构原理、传动方式、运动形式。并对其中的主要结构扫查组件和探头组件的设计过程进行阐述,确定了检测方法、探头布置方式和扫查路径。还设计并组装了一套样机,模拟现场检测环境,验证装置的可行性,测试管道弯头在役裂纹检测装置的缺陷检出能力及扫查有效覆盖范围。     

管道壁缺陷超声波在役检测的量化分析研究

介绍了管道壁缺陷超声波在役检测原理和技术性能，指出超声波在役检测技术具有直接测量和量化的特点，特别适用于管道壁腐蚀减薄缺陷和其它减薄缺陷的在役检测，对管道壁厚度的检测精度高。介绍了管道壁缺陷的超声波在役检测方法，给出了四种典型的管道壁缺陷型式，指出建立并完善管道壁缺陷超声波在役检测的量化分析模型，对于提高检测精度具有十分重要的意义。在对四种典型管道壁缺陷型分析的基础上，通过对四次反射回波时间和相对幅值的分析识别，建立了管道壁缺陷超声波在役检测的量化分析模型，并给出了计算框图。最后，对四种典型管道壁缺陷型式进行了模拟试验分析。     

基于结构可靠性的腐蚀管道检测与维修优化

为确保油气管道的安全运行，有必要对新建管道和在役老龄管道系统进行长期检测和维修优化，使得在检测及维修费用与可靠性之间达到最佳。该方法以贝叶斯决策理论为框架体系，以结构可靠性分析方法的应用为基础，对初始设计阶段和在役阶段的设计、检测与维修更换规划的结果，提供了一个统一的评价标准，并以检测结果对检测与维修更换规划进行一致性修正。以腐蚀损伤管道为例，进行了分析计算，结果表明，在满足结构可靠性和工作寿命内总期望费用的前提下，确定最优的检测及维修策略是有效的。     

旋转磁场阵列式传感器设计及管道缺陷的仿真研究

管道内壁腐蚀具有不同的形状和取向,需要对不同的缺陷产生相对的横向的涡流场,方能有效地检测到相应的涡流产生的二次磁场的扰动信号。基于涡流检测技术,提出了一种用于在役检测管道内壁腐蚀状况的新型阵列式传感器探头设计方法,该探头使用相隔60°的3组绕组并通以三相电流来产生旋转磁场,对管道进行励磁;使用新型的高灵敏度巨磁阻(GMR)传感器芯片代替传统的线圈检测器来提取管道缺陷信号。通过有限元分析研究了三相电流激励频率、传感器提离以及激励电流对检测效果的影响,结果表明所设计的探头能够准确地识别并定位不同取向的管道缺陷,设计方法具有一定的可靠性。     

管道检测机器人试验台的设计

石油输油管道使用了一段时间后,部分管段由于腐蚀而出现变薄甚至开裂发生泄漏事故.石油管道检测机器人的研制与开发显得非常紧迫.在役石油管道机器人设计制造这一课题被列入国家863项目.本文介绍了管道机器人试验工作台的设计和用超声波检测标准试样管段的情况.     

管道检测机器人试验台的设计

石油输油管道使用了一段时间后，部分管段由于腐蚀而出现变薄甚至开裂发生泄漏事故，石油管道检测机器人的研制与开发显得非常紧迫。在役石油管道机器人设计制造这一课题被列入国家863项目，本文介绍了管道机器人试验工作台的设计和用超声波检测标准试样管段的情况。     

微小试样取样法在含腐蚀坑缺陷压力管道合于使用评价中的工程应用

针对含缺陷压力管道合于使用评定过程中如何获取材料真实力学性能的问题,选取某石化企业中含腐蚀坑的在役工业管道,采用微试样法开展了腐蚀区管道材料的取样和测试,并按照GB 19624和API 579标准对腐蚀坑和取样坑进行了合于使用评定,同时采用数值模拟和爆破试验进行了验证。研究表明,微小试样取样法在现场获取材料实际力学性能是可行的,所提方法对开展在役压力管道的合于使用评价具有一定的指导意义。     

管道漏磁检测探头的设计思路

对管道的漏磁检测原理进行了简单的阐述,提出了针对管体部分的磁化和检测方法,讲述了检测装置的整体机械结构及密封工艺设计,并对各部件的材料做了简要介绍.对传感器的选择和布置,材料选择等几个方面进行了思路设计简述.管道安全问题越来越受到人们的重视,随着管道运行时间的延长,因管道老化引起的安全问题日益突出,在管道投入运行的早期和后期是管道安全问题的高发期,管道因腐蚀破坏造成穿孔泄露事故时有发生,如果能够采用管道漏磁检测,就能够准确掌握管道内部状况,对一些严重缺陷或潜在事故隐患进行及时维修,避免管道事故的发生,同时也可以延长管道寿命.     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.