高炉铜冷却壁炉墙监控

介绍了高炉铜冷却壁的一种监控方法，实现了对铜冷却壁炉墙热面温度和渣皮厚度进行监控和高炉炉墙内型的可视化。从实践的角度证明了铜冷却壁炉墙监控的必要性，给出了本监控方法的实现思路。在对铜冷却壁前段渣皮进行监控的过程中发现：通过监控可以在操作过程中防止铜冷却壁裸露、结瘤等异常发生；通过调整高炉操作维持适当厚度的渣皮，能实现高炉长寿和高效的结合，最优化高炉操作和最大化高炉生产。     

Model of Forming-Accretion on Blast Furnace Copper Stave and Industrial Application

 Copper staves have been equipped on nearly all of BF (blast furnaces) with volume over than 1000 m3 in China since their introduction from abroad about more than 10 years ago. Because of short application and lack of experience, phenomena of thickened or naked of copper stave happen occasionally which influence production severely. So it is important to study the model of forming-accretion on BF copper stave and realize real-time monitoring of forming-accretion on different copper staves. Therefore, mathematic model of calculating accretion thickness by heat flow of BF is proposed, and the calculated results indicate that accretion thickness could be kept at a reasonable range of around 50 mm by controlling heat flux around 22.0 kW/m2. The monitoring program based on the model was applied to a certain BF in China successfully, and it is found that slip of BF near the inner wall is one of most important reasons that cause fluctuation of accretion thickness. During the period of scheduled maintenance of the certain BF, the thickness of accretion measured through the static pressure holes is in good accordance with the value calculated by the monitoring program, so the results calculated by the monitoring program can be used to guide industrial production.     

A New Approach for the Wear Failure Risk of Copper Staves in Blast Furnaces

Copper staves are widely used as cooling systems for blast furnaces. Since the inside wall of the furnaces are completely covered with copper staves, the failure of the system plays a significant role for premature blast furnace relining. Especially the bosh area is the critical part of blast furnaces because it faces high heat load. The damage to the bosh area directly affects the service period of BF’s. The lifetime of furnaces can be prolonged considerably by preventing the premature damage of this section. For this purpose, a new approach has been introduced to define the premature risk factor of copper staves based on design and operation parameters. The data of 34 different blast furnaces obtained from the members of World Steel Assoc. are applied to this new approach to calculate the premature risk factors. The results are recorded and analyzed according to service lifetime and actual wear situations of copper staves. Finally, all these analyzes show that the new approach, which is represented in this paper can be a new design check parameter for blast furnaces and a practical solution to define the premature wear risk of copper staves. Therefore, blast furnace designers and users can extend the blast furnace lifetime by using this new approach resulting in high economic benefits.     

铸钢冷却壁对炉内操作的影响

济钢 4#高炉中修集中安装三段 (84块 )铸钢冷却壁后 ,因铸钢冷却壁冷却强度大 ,易造成炉墙结厚 ,通过采用控制合适的水流量及水温差、相应的装料制度、热制度、送风制度及上下调剂的操作制度 ,达到了高炉高效顺行又长寿的目的     

铜冷却壁炉墙内型管理传热学反问题模型

铜冷却壁要长期安全地工作，在其热面必须有渣皮覆盖；同时铜冷却壁的高导热能力很可能导致炉墙结瘤，因此，对炉墙监控有利于高炉长寿，同时也是实现长寿和高效的结合点。结合首钢高炉的现场实际情况，采用传热学反问题的方法，开发了铜冷却壁炉墙内型管理模型，对渣皮状况进行跟踪，从而为高炉操作提供依据和条件，有利于避免铜冷却壁裸露、炉墙结瘤等异常发生。     

现代大高炉薄壁内衬技术

内衬对延长高炉寿命的作用是有限的,传统的冷却结构及内衬结构不能满足现代高炉长寿的要求,长寿应从热平衡原理出发,形成稳定的渣皮才是延长高炉寿命最有效的方法,砖壁合一、薄壁内衬结构作为一项新技术,配合以软水密闭循环冷却技术和钢冷却壁技术,可显著延长高炉寿命,是现代大高炉发展的主流趋势。     

Transient Heat Transfer Analysis of Blast Furnace Cooling Staves

The capability of cooling staves is crucial for a long campaign life of blast furnaces (BF). Transient heat transfer analysis of blast furnace cooling staves made of copper, cast steel, and ductile cast iron are performed. Moreover, the temperature field variations of cooling staves according to different distributions of gas flow temperature are studied. A discussion of cooling staves made of the three different materials is given based on their performance during the transient heat transfer process. The results indicate that copper staves are suited for a long campaign life, as their performance is much better compared to cast steel and ductile cast iron staves especially during unsteady heat transfer. Moreover, the capacity of staves made of cast steel is better than that of ductile cast iron.     

高炉铜冷却壁热面复合传热系数的计算

 铜冷却壁的应用大大提高了高炉的使用寿命。通过热态试验和数值模拟的方法来测试其热态性能。铜冷却壁热面复合传热系数值对于其温度场的模拟结果有重要影响。通过对铜冷却壁的传热过程分析,得到热面复合传热系数的计算公式。建立了高炉冷却壁热态试验系统,并在不同炉气温度和不同冷却水流速下进行了1∶1的铜冷却壁热态试验。根据热态试验结果,得到不同炉气温度下铜冷却壁热面复合传热系数值,该系数适用于相同试验条件下所有型号的铜冷却壁。     

高炉炉墙内型厚度的计算

在国内外有关高炉炉型的研究中,多为关于炉腹、炉腰部位的挂渣模型研究,而炉身以上区域的炉型模型研究较少。针对这一问题,基于传热控制微分方程建立炉型管理模型,可对铜冷却壁渣皮厚度和炉身砖衬厚度进行实时计算。该模型在国内某高炉上得到了成功应用,有利于及时调整高炉操作以稳定合理的操作炉型,从而促进高炉稳定顺行和延长高炉寿命。     

高炉冷却壁非稳态传热研究

研究了铸钢、球墨铸铁和纯铜3种不同材质高炉冷却壁的非稳态传热过程。考察当高炉煤气温度分别为指数型和周期型变化时,冷却壁壁体温度场的变化情况。并根据不同材质冷却壁在非稳态工作过程中的表现,讨论这3种冷却壁的性能优劣。结果证明,铜质冷却壁是理想的长寿冷却壁,其性能明显优于铸钢和球墨铸铁冷却壁,并且这种优势在非稳态传热过程中表现的更为突出。同时铸钢冷却壁优于球墨铸铁冷却壁。     

武钢1号高炉薄炉衬操作技术

武钢1号高炉大修改造时，在炉腹以上部位采用了砖壁合一的薄炉衬技术，高炉操作有一定的特殊性。在近1年的生产中，武钢对薄炉衬的操作技术进行了探索，取得了以下几点经验：严格控制冷却壁的进水温度和进水量，采用加长风口，维持合理的高炉操作炉型；加强高炉操作管理，维持高炉顺行；炉墙结厚时，可以采用减轻焦炭负荷、提高冷却壁进水温度、改变装料制度疏松边缘等方法处理。     

宝钢3号高炉长寿设计与操作维护实践

宝钢3号高炉1994年9月20日投产,至今已稳定运行了18年,创造了多项宝钢高炉技术经济指标纪录和国内最长寿高炉记录。经过多年来的探索与实践,形成了具有3号高炉自身特点的长寿设计和操作维护综合技术。主要长寿措施：合理的炉型和冷却系统设计;强化入炉原燃料质量管理,优化操业配置,确保炉况稳定顺行;保证足够的冷却强度、改善并稳定纯水水质;采取安装微型冷却器、硬质压入、人工造壁、更换破损冷却壁、稳定铁口深度、适当压浆、完善炉缸监控等多种长寿维护措施,确保炉体炉缸状态良好,从而有效延长高炉寿命。     

武钢8号高炉炉体系统设计特点

对武钢8号高炉炉体系统的设计进行总结,根据武钢现役高炉的设计和生产经验,对现役高炉存在的问题和原因进行了分析,对8号高炉炉体系统的设计方案进行了论证和优化。     

高炉冷却壁的制备技术及其进展

冷却壁是高炉重要的冷却设备,直接影响高炉炉体的使用寿命.本文综述了国内外冷却壁的制备技术、应用及其发展概况,分析了铸铁冷却壁、钢冷却壁和铜冷却壁的特点,并探讨了高炉冷却壁的未来发展趋势.     

Experimental and operational thermal studies on blast furnace cast steel staves

Abstract

The operating conditions of cast steel staves at Masteel blast furnace have been simulated to generate the temperature distribution under different operating conditions. The influence of the temperature and velocity of cooling water as well as the gas temperature of blast furnace on the temperature distribution of the cast steel stave was obtained. The main cause of stave damage is discussed. The result shows that cast steel staves possess better heat transfer ability and a lower temperature distribution field than nodular cast iron staves, but their performance is much less satisfactory than that of copper staves.     

铜冷却壁氢脆破坏现象的试验

 铜材氢脆现象是造成高炉铜冷却壁损坏的可能原因之一，但目前并未得到试验证实。模拟高炉工作环境对铜冷却壁材质进行了渗氢保温处理，在实验室条件下重现了高炉铜冷却壁氢脆现象，并采用金相显微观察、扫描电镜观察、氢氧质量分数检测及显微硬度测试等方法对铜冷却壁基体材质的微观形貌、元素质量分数及宏观使用性能等进行了表征。试验结果表明，在铜冷却壁异常工作条件下，将有可能产生铜材氢脆破坏作用；氢脆现象发生后，铜冷却壁内部将产生大量沿晶界分布的孔洞缺陷乃至晶界裂纹，且铜冷却壁宏观使用性能将出现显著下降；在炼铁生产中应严格控制铜冷却壁使用制度，防止氢脆现象发生以延长其寿命，保证高炉安全、稳定生产。     

高炉结瘤的征兆与位置判断

高炉结瘤是能够预防的。预防结瘤，应从识别结瘤征兆入手。高炉结瘤的普遍特征主要有：热流强度降低、炉墙温度低于正常值、冷却设备进出水水温差低于正常水平及炉皮温度明显降低。结瘤位置可用炉身探孔法、降料面观察法及传热计算法来确定。     

宝钢3号高炉冷却壁更换技术

对宝钢3号高炉快速更换整段冷却壁关键技术进行了总结。宝钢3号高炉投产10年后,因S3段冷却壁烧损变形严重,导致部分炉皮发红,对高炉寿命造成严重影响。为解决此问题,宝钢把它列为重大设备问题进行攻关, 对S3段冷却壁重新设计选型,并进行快速全量更换。经1年时间攻关,在100h内成功完成该项目,且复风后8h就达到全风量冶炼。     

首钢高炉长寿的实践

从高炉长寿的制约因素出发,总结了首钢高炉长寿的日常及强化维护措施,通过对炉缸工作状态控制、煤气分布控制、操作炉型管理、炉前作业、看水作业等日常维护措施与含钛料护炉、喷补造衬、硬质料压入、冷却壁更换等强化维护措施,较好的解决了高炉长寿与强化冶炼的矛盾。     

高炉铜冷却壁热态试验与传热性能优化

 通过1∶1的实际高炉铜冷却壁的热态试验,证明复合扁孔形冷却水通道的铜冷却壁不但可满足高炉正常生产的需要,还具备较强的冷却能力和节水等优点。建立了铜冷却壁三维数学模型,通过数值模拟方法,对比多种形状冷却水通道的铜冷却壁的热态特性,分析和优化了复合扁孔形通道铜冷却壁的传热性能。