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优质国产小麦生产面包专用粉的应用研究用河南新乡地区推广种植的几种优质小麦进行生产高档面包粉的实验,结果表明将这几种小麦合理搭配制粉,可以研制出各种指标达到质量标准的面包粉。添加适量的品质改良剂,进行面包烘焙实验,面包评分可以达到87分以上。如果不同品种间搭配加工,效果更佳。国产优质小麦完全可以替代进口小麦,生产出取材方便、各项品质指标良好、价格适中的优质面包粉。(文/崔传海等摘自《粮油仓储科技通讯》2005.3)面条品质与小麦粉品质特性关系的探讨选用品质不同的小麦粉33份制作面条,探讨小麦粉品质性状和面条煮面品质的…     

二次正交旋转组合设计优化黑小麦面包工艺配方

本文以秦黑1号小麦粉为原料,与廊雪面包专用粉进行配粉,优选黑小麦面包工艺配方;通过黑小麦粉添加量单因素试验,确定了正交试验中黑小麦粉添加量的范围;采用二次正交旋转组合设计,以面包的硬度为评价指标,建立面包硬度与黑小麦粉、白砂糖和干酵母添加量的回归模型。在正交试验中,黑小麦的添加量为20%;黑小麦面包最佳工艺配方：黑小麦粉为17.7%,白砂糖19.9%,干酵母1.3%。采用优选最佳工艺配方生产的面包硬度为520.3g,验证试验结果与模型的预测值相符,证明该模型可用于实际生产。     

粒度对小麦粉及面制品品质影响的研究进展

小麦粉粒度不同,其组成成分和小麦粉品质存在显著差异。随着小麦粉粒度的减小,小麦粉的灰分减小,而色度、干湿面筋含量、损伤淀粉含量、蛋白含量和沉降值逐渐增加。不同粒度小麦粉做出的馒头、面条和面包的差异很大。随粒度的降低,馒头的比容、弹性、回复性增加。粒度越小,馒头的硬度越大,而色泽则越好。面条与面包的感官特性,食用品质等也受小麦粉粒度的影响。因此,在用小麦粉制作面制品时需要综合考虑各种因素。     

硒化卡拉胶在小麦粉及其制品中的应用研究

以GB 14880-1994中规定的谷物食品强化硒化卡拉胶(硒酸酯多糖)标准下限值的1.1倍(0.154 mg/kg)为基准,设计在小麦粉中分别强化相当于0.154 mg/kg的0.5倍、1倍和1.5倍的硒化卡拉胶稀释预混料,与空白对照组比较,进行了粉质、拉伸等基础分析,并制作了馒头、面条及面包.研究结果表明:在小麦粉中适量强化硒化卡拉胶对面团粉质特性没有明显影响,而对小麦粉拉伸特性有一定的改良影响,面团的粉力和延伸度有随硒化卡拉胶添加量的增加而增加的趋势;在小麦粉中强化硒化卡拉胶后对馒头、面条和面包的色泽、滋味、气味等感官品质及内部质构无不良影响,强化硒化卡拉胶所制作的面包总评价比对照组好.因此,硒化卡拉胶作为营养强化剂在小麦粉及馒头、面条和面包中是适用的.     

日本面条用小麦粉的最新倾向

对于所有通过小麦粉的二次加工制成的食品来说,产品的质量主要取决于原料小麦的性质,与面包和饼干之类食品相比,面条的配方和工艺简单,小麦粉的特性更容易在产品中显示出来。为了制作优质面条,首先要选择具有适合该产品特性的小麦粉。     

小麦粉理化品质指标与食品加工品质的关系研究

利用统计分析软件SPSS 10.0多元逐步线性回归的方法,研究了小麦粉理化指标,包括灰分、蛋白质含量、面筋含量和质量、粉质、拉伸、吹泡和RVA黏度指标与主要面制食品,馒头、面条和面包加工品质的关系.结果表明:吹泡L值、粉质稳定时间、吸水率和面筋指数与面包品质呈极显著正相关;拉伸能量和降落数值与馒头评分正相关,吹泡P/L,小麦粉b*值则呈负相关;吹泡P/L和回生值与面条品质负相关,最终黏度、拉伸能量、湿面筋含量、面片24 h L*等与面条品质呈正相关.在研究面制品原料用小麦粉质量评价时,既可以使用粉质和拉伸仪指标,也应对吹泡和黏度指标给予足够的重视,尤其是RVA黏度指标在评价面条用小麦粉中的应用,更应该在以后的项目中进行深入细致的研究.     

酶制剂在面条加工中的应用

面条是仅次于面包的世界第二大方便主食，据统计面条加工用小麦粉约占小麦粉总量的40％左右。随着酶制剂技术的不断发展和面条加工食品的深入研究，将合适的酶制剂应用到面条加工中，将具有广阔的前景。酶作为一种食品添加剂，与传统的面条改良剂相比，具有安全、高效和经济的特点。重点介绍酶制剂在面条加工中的应用。     

从技术上论等级粉生产的必要性

本文比较了国内外小麦粉的等级标准,用不同种小麦制成强力、中力、薄力小麦粉,并用其制作面包、面条和蛋糕等二次加工品,得出不同等级的小麦粉与不同二次加工品相适应,等级小麦粉的生产是完全必要的结论。     

小麦粉理化品质指标与食品加工品质的关系研究

不同的食品加工用途对原料小麦粉的品质要求是不一样的。利用统计分析软件SPSS10．0多元逐步线性回归的方法,研究了小麦粉理化指标,包括灰分、蛋白质含量、面筋含量和质量、粉质、拉伸、吹泡和RVA粘度指标与主要面制食品,馒头、面条和面包加工品质的关系。结果表明：吹泡L值、粉质稳定时间、吸水率和面筋指数与面包品质呈极显著正相关,粉质稳定时间是评价面包烘培品质的最适宜的指标;小麦粉淀粉品质的最终粘度与面包体积的极显著负相关关系,也应引起足够的关注。对馒头品质评价效果最好的是粉质吸水率和拉伸面积,     

小麦粉生产许可证审查细则

一、发证产品范围及申证单元 实施食品生产许可证管理的小麦粉产品包括所有以小麦为原料加工制作的小麦粉产品,分为通用小麦粉和专用小麦粉.通用小麦粉包括特制一等小麦粉、特制二等小麦粉、标准粉、普通粉、高筋小麦粉和低筋小麦粉;专用小麦粉包括面包用小麦粉、面条用小麦粉、饺子用小麦粉、馒头用小麦粉、发酵饼干用小麦粉、酥性饼干用小麦粉、蛋糕用小麦粉、糕点用小麦粉等.其申证单元为1个,即小麦粉.     

面条及馒头专用粉的品质要求及小麦品种筛选研究

对目前在河南广泛种植的１０个小麦品种及其面粉品质和制成品馒头及面条的食用品质进行了全面的分析评价,提出了生产馒头专用粉、面条专用粉更为全面的质量指标,筛选了适合于生产馒头专用粉、面条专用粉的小麦品种,为小麦育种及专用粉的生产提供了理论依据。     

添加发芽小麦对小麦粉及制品品质影响

在小麦中添加不同比例的发芽小麦,研究对小麦、小麦粉品质特性及食用品质的影响。选择发芽小麦按照不同比例(1%、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%)与正常小麦进行混合,研究发芽小麦不同添加比例对小麦及小麦粉品质特性产生的影响,并对不同添加比例发芽小麦粉制作的馒头和面条食用品质进行评价。结果表明:随着发芽小麦比例含量的增加,混合小麦及小麦粉品质特性指标中除降落数值逐渐减少,其他特性指标与正常小麦相比较无明显变化。对馒头和面条进行蒸煮实验评价,可以看出当发芽小麦含量不超过15%时,对其食用品质无明显影响,但当发芽小麦含量超过20%时,馒头出现粘牙,当发芽小麦含量超过15%时,面条韧性下降,食用品质受到影响,评分值均在80分以下。     

Effect of Flour Extraction Rate and Baking on Thiamine and Riboflavin Content and Antioxidant Capacity of Traditional Rye Bread

ABSTRACT:  The effect of rye flour extraction rates and baking on thiamine and riboflavin content, and antioxidant capacity of traditional rye bread were studied and compared with white wheat flour. The content of thiamine was higher (10.9%) in rye dough formulated with dark rye flour (F-100%; extraction rate of 100%) than in rye dough formulated with brown rye flour (F-92%; extraction rate of 92%) that was similar to dough made with wheat flour. The riboflavin content in rye dough made from flour F-100% was also higher (16%) than in dough formulated with flour F-92%, and both provided larger riboflavin content than wheat dough. Baking led to reductions in thiamine of 56% for wheat bread and of 20% for both rye breads; however, this process caused only a 10% decrease in riboflavin for wheat bread and a 30% decrease for rye breads. Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, peroxyl radical scavenging capacity, DPPH radical scavenging activity, and Folin–Ciocalteu reducing capacity were higher in rye than in wheat dough and bread. Baking process produced slight changes in antioxidant activity, except for Superoxide Dismutase-like activity where a sharp decrease was observed. Our findings showed that rye breads are an important source of B vitamins and rye breads formulated with dark and brown flours showed better antioxidant properties than wheat bread. Therefore, rye breads should be more widely recommended in human nutrition.     

燕麦面团流变学及加工特性研究

以燕麦粉为原料,以中强筋小麦粉为对照,研究燕麦粉与小麦粉不同配比混合粉的面团流变学特性和食品加工特性.结果认为,与小麦粉相比,燕麦蛋白质组分中清蛋白、醇溶蛋白含量较低,球蛋白含量高,谷蛋白含量稍低.燕麦粉峰值、最大、最终黏度均小于对照小麦粉.加入燕麦粉后,面团形成时间延长,稳定时间降低.用淀粉代替燕麦粉,同样添加量下面包及馒头比容、总评分降低,面条吸水率、总评分降低,失落率升高.当面粉取代量大于5%时,对混粉食品制作品质有显著影响.加入10%、25%、10%燕麦粉制作面条、馒头和面包是较为理想的配比.     

黑麦水溶性阿拉伯木聚糖制备及其在面包生产中应用

该文采用黑麦粉,经过加热提取,乙醇沉淀后得到的黑麦水溶性阿拉伯木聚糖,作为功能性食品添加剂应用于面包生产中,探讨黑麦阿拉伯水溶性木聚糖对面包品质的影响。结果表明:面粉中添加黑麦阿拉伯水溶性木聚糖能改善面粉品质,增加面包体积;另外,因其具有较高的持水性,可减缓淀粉老化,延长面包货架期,提高面包品质。     

黑麦(裸麦)粉的营养保健功能及其开发应用

介绍了黑麦的国内外发展概况，黑麦的营养保健特点和功能成分，黑麦粉的加工特性，黑麦粉与小麦粉混合制作面包的加工工艺和注意事项。     

Identity and overall acceptance of two types of sour rye bread

Response surface methodology was employed to study the influence of four recipe variables (wheat: rye flour ratio, bread acidity, ash content of rye flour and sodium chloride content) on the identity and overall acceptance of two rye bread types (soft and crisp rye bread). The subjects ( n = 79) rated attribute intensities, the extent to which the salient sensory properties and the overall sample corresponded to their expectations of rye bread, and the overall acceptance (pleasantness and purchase intentions). The acidity and ash content contributed the most to the extent to which a sample met subjects' expectations. The NaCl content was not critical. Consumer acceptance was affected by ash content, and by the interactions, NaCl content × acidity and wheat:rye ratio × ash content. The non-significance of NaCl content should encourage the baking industry to put low-salt rye products on the market.     

Acrylamide-asparagine relationship in baked/toasted wheat and rye breads

Acrylamide in baked and toasted wheat and rye bread was studied in relation to levels of asparagine in flour, dough, bread and toasts. Asparagine was consumed during bread preparation resulting in reduced acrylamide content in the products. In wheat bread, 12% of the asparagine initially present in the flour (0.14 g kg(-1)) remained after yeast fermentation and baking; for rye bread, 82% of asparagine remained after sourdough fermentation and baking. Asparagine present in untoasted wheat bread had totally reacted after hard toasting. Toasted wheat and rye bread slices contained 11-161 and 27-205 microg kg(-1) acrylamide, respectively, compared to untoasted wheat and rye bread with <5 and 7-23 microg kg(-1) acrylamide, respectively. The dietary intake of acrylamide from bread (untoasted) of 2 microg day(-1) is relatively low; however, acrylamide exposure from bread increases several fold for people eating toasted bread.     

苦荞麦粉和小麦面粉复混物的性能研究

对苦荞麦粉和小麦面粉的复混物制作面包、蛋糕、面条的性能进行了研究,在通常配方和一般工艺条件下,生产苦荞麦面包、蛋糕、面条时苦荞麦粉的添加量分别为50%、80%、40%以下。     

Acrylamide–asparagine relationship in baked/toasted wheat and rye breads

Acrylamide in baked and toasted wheat and rye bread was studied in relation to levels of asparagine in flour, dough, bread and toasts. Asparagine was consumed during bread preparation resulting in reduced acrylamide content in the products. In wheat bread, 12% of the asparagine initially present in the flour (0.14 g kg^?1) remained after yeast fermentation and baking; for rye bread, 82% of asparagine remained after sourdough fermentation and baking. Asparagine present in untoasted wheat bread had totally reacted after hard toasting. Toasted wheat and rye bread slices contained 11–161 and 27–205 µg kg^?1 acrylamide, respectively, compared to untoasted wheat and rye bread with <5 and 7–23 µg kg^?1 acrylamide, respectively. The dietary intake of acrylamide from bread (untoasted) of 2 µg day^?1 is relatively low; however, acrylamide exposure from bread increases several fold for people eating toasted bread.