非晶态镍磷镀层析氢阴极活性的控制与机理

非晶态Ni-P类合金镀层具有很好的耐蚀性,在碱性溶液中具有较高的析氢反应催化活性,能降低析氢过电位,节约能源,是一种有很好应用前景的阴极材料.论述了非晶态Ni-P镀层的P含量、厚度、制备条件、添加第3种元素及镀后处理对镀层电极活性的影响.并总结了Ni-P类非晶态合金镀层的电极催化机理.     

Fei氏方波对Ni-P合金镀层组成及其非晶化程度的调控作用

为解决常规电沉积过程中无法获得耐蚀性优异的非晶态结构Ni-P合金镀层的问题,以快速镀Ni-P合金镀液为基础镀液,采用Fei氏方波电沉积法研究波形参数对Ni-P合金镀层非晶化过程的影响规律。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征Ni-P合金镀层的微观形貌,通过能谱分析(EDS)方法进行镀层P含量分析,用X射线衍射技术(XRD)考察镀层相结构的变化。优化的脉冲工艺参数为:平均电流密度15 A/dm~2,逆向脉冲系数0.3,占空比0.6,频率1 Hz。研究表明:通过调整Fei氏方波参数,可电沉积出镀层表面完整、外观光亮、P含量最高可达17.93%(质量分数)、几乎没有金属晶体衍射峰的非晶态Ni-P合金镀层。     

Ni-P-纳米(WC-Co)复合电刷镀层的组织结构及耐腐蚀性能

0前言 早期复合镀主要是添加微米级的MoS2、石墨、SiC、金刚石、Al2O3等[1～3],主要目的是在保证原有单一化学镀层高耐蚀性的基础上,进一步提高材料表面的耐摩擦磨损性能[4,5].Ni-W合金和Fe-W合金是很好的代铬镀层,但机械强度低、耐磨性差,而Ni-P非晶态镀层的性能较上述合金镀层有所改善[6].在Ni-P镀液中添加WC-Co纳米颗粒,可改变复合镀层的晶态结构,进而提高其硬度、耐磨性能、力学性能及结合强度等[7],而有关Ni-P-纳米(WC-Co)镀层耐蚀性的研究尚少.本工作在Ni-P溶液中添加WC-Co纳米颗粒电刷镀复合镀层,研究了不同浓度WC-Co所得镀层的形貌、成分、结构及在1 mol/L H2SO4,1 mol/L HCl,3%NaCl中的耐蚀性.     

聚丙烯塑料低温化学镀Ni-P工艺的研究

研究了Ni-P化学镀液的主要成分、pH值和温度工艺参数对化学沉积Ni-P合金镀层镀速的影响.通过选择合适的镀液成分和工艺参数,在PP塑料基体上低温化学镀Ni-P合金工艺中获得中磷含量合金镀层,探讨了镀液组分对镀层性能的影响,优化了工艺参数.利用扫描电镜测得镀层的含磷量为8.057%,所以为非晶态的镀层.     

添加PVDF粒子的Ni-P化学复合镀层的耐腐蚀性能

单一镀层难以满足实际要求,复合镀层则可以在较苛刻的条件下服役.在化学镀Ni-P合金镀液中添加聚偏象二乙烯(PVDF)粒子制得了Ni-P/PVDF复合镀层,研究了复合镀层的形貌,并探讨了PVDF的添加量对镀层耐腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明:基拙镀液中加入PVDF粒子后,获得的Ni-P/PVDF复合镀层表面均匀、致密,耐蚀性优于基材和Ni-P合金镀层;随着PVDF添加量的增加,Ni-P/PVDF复合镀层的耐蚀性先增强后减弱,当PVDF的添加量为3.0g/L时,复合镀层的耐蚀性最好.     

电刷镀Ni-P／纳米WC复合镀层工艺及性能研究

为了改善电刷镀Ni-P镀层的硬度和耐磨性,通过在电刷镀Ni-P镀液中加入纳米WC微粒制备Ni-P/纳米WC复合镀层,研究了镀液中纳米WC含量与镀层中纳米WC含量的关系;测定了不同WC含量对镀层硬度和镀层结构的影响.考察了试样在1 mol/L H2SO4,1 moL/L HCl及3%NaCl介质中的耐蚀性.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及X射线衍射(XRD)研究了Ni-P/纳米WC镀层的性能.结果表明,Ni-P/纳米WC电刷镀复合镀层耐蚀性能与原电刷镀Ni-P镀层相当,耐磨性优于电刷镀Ni-P镀层.镀液含25 g/L纳米WC时,电刷镀复合镀层的显微硬度为918 HV.     

镀液pH值对镁合金Ni-P化学镀层的影响

为了提高镁合金耐腐蚀性能,在AZ61镁合金表面制备Ni-P化学镀层。采用磷酸酸洗对镁合金表面前处理后,在酸性镀液中制备了Ni-P化学镀层,通过SEM、EDAX、XRD及动电位极化曲线、交流阻抗等方法,分析了镀液p H值对Ni-P镀层形貌、成分、厚度、结合力、结构和耐蚀性的影响。试验结果表明:随着镀液p H值升高,组成镀层的细胞状物尺寸逐渐减小,镀层的沉积速度加快,镀层中的磷含量逐渐降低,镀层中的镍含量逐渐上升,镀层的晶化程度逐渐提高。镀层的耐蚀性能则随着镀液pH值的上升先升高,后下降。p H=6.0条件下制备的Ni-P镀层在质量分数为3.5%NaCl溶液中的交流阻抗膜值最高,且自腐蚀电流密度最低,耐蚀性能最好,并根据试验结果分析了镀液pH值对Ni-P镀层耐蚀性能的影响机制。     

非晶态Fe—Sn—B合金化学镀层的制备及耐蚀性研究

利用化学镀方法制备了非晶态Ｆｅ－Ｓｎ－Ｂ合金镀层,研究了镀液浓度对镀宙积速度,成分,表面形貌,非晶态结构形成区域和耐蚀性的影响,得出了最佳镀液浓度及施镀条件。     

化学镀Ni—P—B合金的工艺和耐蚀性的研究

研究化学镀Ni-P-B合金的工艺,对镀液的稳定性以及镀层的结构和耐蚀性进行了分析和研究。实验表明:采用含有稳定剂CdSO_4的镀液施镀,可得到结合力强和非晶态结构的Ni-P-B合金镀层,并具有优良的耐蚀性。     

非晶态Fe-Mo合金复合镀

在强碱性电镀液中获取的非晶态Fe-Mo合金镀层表面存在大量微裂纹,往镀液中加入ZrO_2、TiO_2等微粒可以改善镀层的表面状态,从而使非晶态镀层的硬度、耐蚀性得到提高。     

机械镀Zn-Al合金镀层的耐腐蚀性能研究

为了增强机械镀镀层的耐腐蚀性能,采用机械镀方法,以含铝5%(质量分数)的Zn-Al合金粉为原料,在Q235钢材基体表面制备了Zn-Al合金镀层。利用扫描电镜(SEM)表征了合金镀层的截面和断面形貌;采用极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)分析了合金镀层在3.5%NaCl溶液中的电化学行为;通过中性盐雾腐蚀实验分析了合金镀层的耐蚀性,并采用XRD分析了镀层的盐雾腐蚀产物。结果表明,Zn-Al合金镀层由葫芦状的Zn-Al合金颗粒交错互嵌堆积而成,镀层颗粒之间以类似隼接的连接方式搭接“卡锁”;与机械镀Zn层相比,Zn-Al合金镀层的腐蚀电位正移了209 mV,腐蚀电流密度仅为纯Zn镀层的7.1%左右,极化电阻为纯Zn镀层的14倍;Zn-Al合金镀层的容抗弧半径明显大于纯Zn镀层的弧半径,且Q_dl较纯锌层减小;纯Zn镀层出现白锈和红锈的时间分别为24和362 h,而Zn-Al合金镀层出现白锈和红锈的时间为48和504 h。Zn-Al合金镀层的耐中性盐雾腐蚀性能明显优于纯Zn镀层,合金镀层对电荷转移具有更好的抑制作用,且Zn-Al合金镀层的腐蚀产物结构致密,可增强物理屏蔽功能。     

HNIW炸药钝感包覆工艺研究进展

阐述了六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷（HNIW）炸药的钝感包覆机理。总结了核壳结构包覆技术、水悬浮分散包覆技术和反应性涂膜等3种HNIW炸药包覆工艺的研究状况。分析并比较了不同工艺的作用机理和实际效果。介绍了炸药包覆效果的表征技术和适用范围。评述了目前HNIW炸药钝感及包覆技术的研究现状和不足，并对未来研究方向进行展望。     

Microstructure and Tribological Properties of Plasma-sprayed Nanostructured Sulfide Coating

The friction and wear properties of plasma-sprayed nanostructured FeS coating were investigated on an MHK- 500 friction and wear tester under both oil lubrication and dry friction condition. The microstructure, worn surface morphology and phase composition of the coating were characterized by scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. It was found that the coating was mainly composed of FeS. a small quantity of Fe1-xS and oxide were also found. The coating was formed by small particles of 50～100 nm in size The thickness of the coating is approximately 150 μm. The friction-reduction and wear-resistance properties of plasma-sprayed nanostructured FeS coating were superior to that of GCr15 steel substrate. Especially under oil lubrication condition, the friction coefficient of nanostructured FeS coating was 50% of that of GCr15 steel, the wear scar widths of the coating were also reduced to nearly 50% of that of GCr15 steel under high load. The failure of the coating was mainly attributed to plastic deformation under both oil lubrication and dry friction condition.     

铝锌硅镀层的冲压性能

铝锌硅镀层(Galvalume)作为钢铁基体的热浸镀材料,具有良好的耐腐蚀能力,但是Galvalume镀层在受力变形时容易出现裂纹。针对热浸镀Galvalume镀层成形开裂问题,通过对不同镀层厚度(重量)镀铝锌板进行冲压试验和180°弯曲试验,观察裂纹源的产生。采用扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱(EDS)对镀层及中间过渡层进行研究,分析影响镀层冲压开裂的原因。结果显示:镀层的重量(厚度)是影响其冲压开裂的主要原因,随着镀层厚度的下降,镀层外侧受拉应力作用开裂趋势变小;开裂位置显示主要元素为Fe、Al、Si元素,变形过程中Galvalume合金过渡层相对于镀层更容易开裂;Galvalume合金过渡层的厚度是影响Galvalume冲压开裂的主要原因,随着合金过渡层厚度的降低,过渡层开裂趋势变小。     

Nanostructured Sulfide Composite Coating Prepared by Atmospheric Plasma Spraying

Nanostructured FeS-SiC coating was deposited by atmospheric plasma spraying (APS). The microstructure and phase composition of the coating were characterized with SEM and XRD, respectively. In addition, the size distribution of the reconstituted powders and the porosity of the coating have been measured. It was found that the reconstitiuted powers with sizes in the range of 20 to 80 μm had excellent flowability and were suitable for plasma spraying process. The assprayed FeS-SiC composite coating exhibited a bimodal distribution with small grains (30～80nm) and large grains (100～200nm). The coating was mainly composed of FeS and SiC, a small quantity of Fe1-x S and oxide were also found. The porosity of the coating was approximately 19 %.     

Study of Ni3 Al–Cr7 C3 coating fabricated by self-propagating high temperature synthesis casting route

Abstract

A coating on carbon steel was fabricated by a self-propagating high temperature synthesis (SHS) casting route. The process is described in detail. The phases in the coating were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD). The microstructures of the coating and the substrate were analysed using electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and optical microscopy, respectively. The wear behaviour and microhardness of the coating were determined. The experimental results show that the coating was composed of Ni₃ Al and Cr₇ C₃ phases and had a dense microstructure. Metallurgical bonding had formed between the coating and the substrate. The grain size of the substrate near the interface was coarsened. The wear resistance of the coating is better than that of a bearing steel or a Ni₃ Al coating. The microhardness of the coating is higher than that of a Ni₃ Al coating or the substrate.     

等离子喷涂NiCrBSi增强Mo涂层的组织结构和断裂韧性

为了开发既具有较高硬度、可防止黏着磨损、又具有一定孔隙能够储存润滑油的用于气缸内壁和活塞的热喷涂层,采用等离子喷涂制备了纯Mo和Mo-28%NiCrBSi复合涂层,采用图像法定量表征了涂层的孔隙率,采用压痕法测试了涂层的硬度和断裂韧性,研究了添加NiCrBSi对等离子喷涂Mo层的组织结构、孔隙率、硬度和断裂韧性的影响,并与某进口防黏着磨损Mo涂层进行比较。结果表明:等离子喷涂Mo-28%NiCrBSi复合涂层的孔隙率比纯Mo涂层略高,硬度为(561±83)HV3 N,比纯Mo涂层提高19%,比服役过的进口纯Mo涂层高约40%;复合涂层的断裂韧性为8.9 MPa"m1/2,约为纯Mo涂层的4倍,接近Mo块材。     

In-situ formation of Ni-Al intermetallics-coated graphite/Al composite in a cold-sprayed coating and its high temperature tribological behaviors

In this study, cold spraying(CS) was used to deposit a mixture of nickel-coated graphite and 40 vol.% Al powder(Ni-Gr/Al) on a steel substrate aiming to effectively preserve a certain volume fraction of graphite in the deposited Ni-Gr/Al composite coating. The microstructure of the as-sprayed coating and the effect of post-spray heat-treatment(PSHT) temperatures on the in-situ formation of Ni-Al intermetallic phases in coating were studied. The tribological behaviors of the as-sprayed coating and the PSHTed coating under 450?C were tested at 25?C, while the as-sprayed coating was tested at 450?C for comparison.As a result, the Ni-Gr particles showed a homogenous distribution in the coating. The multilayer Ni-Al intermetallics-coated graphite/Al composite coating was achieved in situ after the PSHT of 450?C, where the graphite did decompose at 550?C leaving big pores in the coating. The coefficients of friction(COF)of the CSed coating and the PSHTed coating were measured at 450?C as well as 25?C, which showed a similar tendency, much higher than that of the CSed coating tested at 25?C. The lubrication phase(graphite) improved the formation of a graphite film during sliding friction and decreased the COF, while the hard Ni-Al intermetallic phases contributed to the increase of COF.     

TGO对热障涂层失效的作用分析

热生长氧化物(TGO)的形成与长大是热障涂层失效的根本原因。先在IC10高温合金基体上超音速火焰喷涂(HVOF)NiCoCrAlTaY粘结层(BC层),再等离子喷涂二元稀土氧化物稳定氧化锆Sc2O3-Y2O3-ZrO2,喷涂样在1 100℃恒温氧化,利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪对断面形貌、成分进行分析,讨论了TGO的形成机理及其与热障涂层失效的关系。结果表明:随着恒温氧化时间增加,TGO层底部的Al含量下降,上部、中间弥散颗粒及底部的Ni含量均增加,上部、中间弥散颗粒中Cr含量均减少;喷涂样氧化140 h后,TGO层由靠近陶瓷层的富(Cr,Al)2O3层、弥散其间的富Ni颗粒和靠近BC层的Al2O3层组成;TGO的生长速度先由Al与O2化学反应速度决定,接着受BC层金属元素扩散速度影响,最后由化学反应速度和扩散速度共同控制;减少TGO中的有害氧化物含量以降低涂层内的应力,可有效提高涂层的使用寿命。     

A Study on Medium Temperature Chemical Vapor Deposition (MT-CVD) Technology and Super Coating Materials

In this paper, the dense and columnar crystalline TiCN coating layers with very good bonding strength between a layer and another layer was deposited using Medium Temperature Chemical Vapor Deposition (MT-CVD) where CH3CN organic composite with C/N atomic clusters etc. was utilized at 700 ～ 900 ℃. Effect of coating processing parameters, such as coating temperature, pressure and different gas flow quantity on structures and properties of TiCN coating layers were investigated. The super coating mechanis mand structures were analyzed. The new coating processing parameters and properties of carbide inserts with super coating layers were gained by using the improved high temperature chemical vapor deposition (HTCVD) equipment and HT-CVD, in combination with MT-CVD technology.