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针对3维空间中移动机器人同时定位与地图构建(SLAM)问题,提出了一种基于改进强跟踪滤波(STF)的快速自适应SLAM算法.该算法首先对于强跟踪滤波器的噪声协方差阵进行在线自适应估计,用于抑制噪声对系统状态估计的影响,使系统状态估计迅速收敛到真实值附近;随后将状态协方差矩阵进行奇异值分解(SVD),提高算法的数值稳定性.该算法可提高对系统时变的自适应能力以及系统状态估计精度.与基于强跟踪滤波器的SLAM算法的仿真对比结果说明了该算法的有效性及其在抑噪性能和估计精度方面的优越性. 相似文献
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针对煤矿井下无GPS环境下巡检机器人自主定位问题,研究了基于激光雷达的同步定位与地图构建方法。首先建立激光雷达观测模型和里程计预测模型,将机器人定位和地图构建的实际问题转换为概率数学模型的逻辑推理问题。同时采用自适应蒙特卡罗定位算法进行机器人实时位姿估计,提出了根据粒子权重(地图的匹配度)进行重采样的方法,以去除权重小的粒子,实现了用较少、较好粒子精确表达机器人位姿的后验概率分布,满足机器人利用传感器在栅格地图上实时定位的需求。通过对Fast-SLAM算法进行优化,减少了粒子数量,缓解了粒子耗散,提高了地图构建的精确性。实验结果表明,基于激光雷达的同步定位与地图构建方法有效解决了巡检机器人实时位姿估计和环境地图构建的问题,结合自适应蒙特卡罗定位算法和优化Fast-SLAM算法提高了机器人定位的自适应性和地图构建的精确性。 相似文献
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针对卡尔曼滤波需要精确已知状态数学模型及其统计特性的问题,提出一种抗差自适应Sage滤波算法.该方法以Sage滤波为基本框架,吸收了抗差估计和自适应滤波的优点,利用Sage滤波开窗法求得观测残差向量和新息(预测残差)向量的协方差阵,由抗差估计方法确定观测噪声协方差矩阵,利用自适应因子调整动力学模型噪声协方差矩阵,以控制观测异常和动力学模型噪声对导航精度的影响.将提出的算法应用到捷联惯性导航(SINS)/合成孔径雷达(SAR)组合导航系统中,并与Kalman滤波和Sage滤波进行比较分析,仿真结果表明,提出的新算法不但能有效地控制观测异常和动态模型异常对状态参数估值的影响,而且能够抵制状态扰动,提高组合导航系统的滤波精度. 相似文献
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基于极大似然估计的新息自适应滤波算法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对噪声统计信息未知或时变情况下常规卡尔曼滤波估计精度下降甚至发散的问题,提出了一种基于极大似然估计的新息自适应滤波算法.算法对基于极大似然估计的常规新息协方差估值器进行限定记忆指数衰减加权修正,增加滑动窗口内新近新息协方差序列的利用权重;根据新息自适应原理,利用新息协方差估计值直接计算滤波增益矩阵,加快滤波器收敛速度的同时提高了滤波算法的估计精度.算法应用于捷联惯性导航系统/全球定位系统(SINS/GPS)组合导航系统,仿真实验表明:在噪声统计信息未知或时变情况下,算法具有更强的鲁棒性以及更高的滤波精度. 相似文献
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动力定位冗余测量系统的模糊自适应融合算法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对船舶动力定位的冗余测量系统,基于模糊自适应滤波和滤波器可信度的模糊评判,建立了多传感器数据融合算法。该方法与线性或非线性系统状态估计相结合,构成模糊自适应融合算法。通过监测滤波新息的均值和分歧度,应用模糊推理系统在线调节测量噪声协方差矩阵,从而抑制滤波发散;构建新的数据质量函数和子系统故障检测函数,根据检测结果自适应地选择子系统构建全局融合体系;利用子系统滤波的新息分歧度比值和状态估计误差的协方差,模糊评判各子系统滤波的可信度,由此计算相应的信息分配系数,实现全局融合。通过转台半实物仿真,验证了该算法的有效性。 相似文献
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提出了分布式多传感器协作的条件粒子滤波算法以解决人与机器人位置的联合概率分布估计问题.全局视觉系统中,各视角独立运行图像平面上基于粒子滤波的目标跟踪,并利用地平面单应关系实现多视角目标主轴同步融合.视觉观测进一步与机器人激光数据以顺序滤波方式异步融合,提出包含人体位置假设的激光似然场模型以提高对机器人位姿误差的鲁棒性,并引入基于Kullback-Leibler距离的自适应采样以降低描述联合分布所需的粒子数目.实验验证了该方法能够在具有观测噪声且人—机位置均不确定的情况下利用多传感器协作实现基于地图的同时机器人定位与人体跟踪. 相似文献
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机器人同步定位与地图构建(SLAM)是指机器人在移动过程中以增量形式创建环境地图并通过所构建地图反复推断自身位置的过程.为实现上述功能,采用传统的扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)最优迭代估计方法,在大范围环境条件下,估计误差累积增大,且不能对已构建的环境地图进行更新.提出一种改进算法(KLM-EKF算法),用已知路标的信息对机器人位姿和协方差矩阵进行修正,并创建辅助系数矩阵修正已构建地图,从而实现路标的全局更新.仿真结果表明,在大范围环境中,改进后的算法使机器人自身定位和路标估计误差大幅度降低,并且能够自主地更新已构建地图,有效提高了定位和构图精度. 相似文献
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S. Shaw 《Journal of Computer Assisted Learning》1993,9(2):93-99
Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained. 相似文献
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European Community policy and the market 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
C. Lloyd 《Journal of Computer Assisted Learning》1993,9(2):86-91
Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven. 相似文献
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融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。 相似文献
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张涛 《计算机测量与控制》2015,23(1):86-89
为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值. 相似文献
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Wayne O’Brien Author Vitae 《Journal of Systems and Software》2008,81(11):1997-2013
Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them. 相似文献
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This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives. 相似文献
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潘丽 《自动化与仪器仪表》2014,(7):80-82
自然界的绝大部分信号都是以模拟的形式存在,因此模拟信号的采集转换存储在数字时代十分关键。文章讨论了在雷达信号处理领域基于AD9626的AD采集存储卡的设计原理、硬件结构和程序设计与芯片配置等问题,为今后相关领域的研究提供了可参考的方案。 相似文献
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Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what
is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic
sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and
its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of
an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify
robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can
or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest.
This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January
31–February 2, 2008 相似文献
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Jacob Palme 《Software》1979,9(9):741-747
The COM teleconferencing system was designed to be easy to use for both beginners and people with much computer experience. A number of design choices in organizing the human-computer interface were considered very carefully. These design problems are not unique for teleconferencing applications, but will appear in many other developments of human-computer interfaces for non-computer specialists. This report discusses naming conventions, menu format, user commands, help facility and the treatment of ‘type ahead’ from the users. 相似文献