热带假丝酵母生产辅酶Q10酵工艺的优化

以热带假丝酵母(Candida tropicalis)AS 2.1387为出发菌株,对发酵培养基组分和发酵条件进行优化,得到了最佳的培养基组成为葡萄糖35g/L,酵母膏6g/L,蛋白胨4g/L,硫酸铵1.0g/L;最佳发酵条件为发酵温度30℃、发酵时间48h,装液量60mL/250 mL,初始pH值为6.0.同时,还研究了对羟基苯甲酸、胡萝卜汁和番茄汁对酵母菌AS 2.1387生物量和辅酶Q10合成的影响,当添加0.15%对羟基苯甲酸、0.6%胡萝卜汁、0.4%番茄汁时,能大幅度促进辅酶Q10的合成,最终使辅酶Q10达到15.533mgL,比优化前提高了15.28%.     

产辅酶Q10白地霉菌培养基的优化研究

以白地霉菌(Geotrichum candidum)为出发菌株,通过培养基的优化来提高辅酶Q10产量.研究碳源、混合碳源配比、氮源、混合氮源配比、无机盐、促进剂等因素对菌体干重及辅酶Q10产量的影响.确定菌种最佳培养时间为48 h,最佳培养基组成为葡萄糖32g/L、果糖8g/L、酵母浸粉4.5g/L、蛋白胨1.5g/L、Fe2+浓度23mg/L、50mL发酵培养基中胡萝卜汁添加量37mL,辅酶Q10产量达59.62mg/L,比培养基优化前提高了25%.     

放射型根瘤菌WSH2601生产辅酶Q10的摇瓶发酵条件

以放射型根瘤菌 (Rhizobusradiobacterium ,WSH2 6 0 1)作为辅酶Q10 的生产菌株 ,研究了氮源、碳源、接种量、溶氧、初始 pH、发酵温度及添加物等因素对细胞生长与产物辅酶Q10 合成的影响 .结果表明 :玉米浆和酵母膏是较好的氮源 ,葡萄糖与蔗糖是辅酶Q10 发酵的较好的碳源 ,接种量对辅酶Q10 发酵的影响不大 ,为 4 % .适宜的初始 pH值为 7,番茄汁能较好地促进细胞的生长 ;添加玉米浆、L 甲硫氨酸、番茄汁和异戊醇有利于产辅酶Q10 ;溶氧对细胞生长与产物辅酶Q10 合成的影响较显著 .通过正交试验初步确定了发酵条件 :碳源为 1.5 g/dL葡萄糖和 2 .5 g/dL蔗糖混合物 ,酵母膏 0 .8g/dL ,初始pH 7,每 5 0 0mL装液量为 5 0mL .最后经综合优化条件 ,在摇瓶发酵条件下 :菌体生长量 (以干重计 )为 13.8g/L ,发酵液中辅酶Q10 产量达到 2 2 .7mg/L ,比优化前分别提高 34%和 5 3% .     

放射型根瘤菌辅酶Q_(10)发酵助剂的研究

研究了几种促进剂和前体对放射型根瘤菌细胞生长及其辅酶Q10发酵的影响,结果表明,在培养基中适量添加番茄汁、胡萝卜汁、蛋氨酸、VB1和对羟基苯甲酸均可明显提高辅酶Q10的产量。在所试浓度范围内,VB1、胡萝卜汁和蛋氨酸3种添加物最高可使辅酶Q10产量比对照组分别提高25%、18%和13%。     

热带假丝酵母辅酶Q10高产菌的选育研究

以热带假丝酵母(Candida tropicalis)AS 2.1387为出发菌株,研究紫外线、硫酸二乙酯单因素及复合诱变对出发菌株的诱变效应,并根据辅酶Q10合成的反馈调节途径,建立了高产突变菌株的快速筛选方法,通过放线菌素D对突变菌进行广谱抗性初筛,并以高浓度前体物质对羟基苯甲酸以及终产物结构类似物维生素K3进行特异性筛选,选育得到了遗传稳定性良好的辅酶Q10高产突变株APV.12,使得APV.12菌株辅酶Q10的发酵产量达到23.958mg/L,比出发菌株提高了1.76倍.     

酸菜中荚膜酵母产辅酶Q10前体物质添加优化培养条件的研究

选用酸菜中的荚膜酵母为出发菌株,通过培养基的优化来提高辅酶Q10产量.研究不同的碳源、氮源、前体物质添加对辅酶Q10产量的影响.确定了菌种最佳培养时间为48h,最佳培养基组成为蔗糖4%、酵母浸粉4%、NaCl0.5%,pH7.0,辅酶Q10产量最大,为46.32mg/L.当添加对羟基苯甲酸浓度为1.2mg/L时,辅酶Q10含量达到最大,为49.58mg/L,比不添加时含量增加了7%.     

黏红酵母高静水压诱变及其β-胡萝卜素发酵培养基的优化

利用300MPa的高静水压处理黏红酵母(Rhodotorula glutinis)RY06菌株10min,获得一株突变株RY06-27,其β-胡萝卜素产量从原来的6.30mg/L增加到9.64mg/L,提高了53%。通过响应面分析法优化发酵培养基,可使该突变株β-胡萝卜素产量达13.43mg/L,其优化培养基组成为酵母膏4.23g/L、接种量30mL/L、番茄汁2.5mL/L、培养基装量40mL/250mL、花生油0.5mL/L、pH6.7、葡萄糖12.11g/L、硫酸铵5g/L。     

产谷胱甘肽重组巴斯德毕赤氏酵母发酵条件的研究

考察了培养基组成及培养条件对重组巴斯德毕赤氏酵母(Pichia pastoris)x-33(pGAPZA-gsh 1)合成谷胱甘肽(GSH)的影响。优化后的培养基组成为:甘油30g/L、蛋白胨40g/L、酵母膏9g/L、半胱氨酸0.36 g/L、KH_2PO_4 3g/L;培养条件为:自然pH、摇床转速200r/min、装液量为30mL/250mL、接种量为10%。在此优化条件下重组酵母的GSH产量是98.5mg/L,为优化前的2.33倍,生物量最大值达到19.6g/L。在5L发酵罐上进行放大实验,发酵结束后GSH产量、重组菌的生物量分别为97.9mg/L,18.7g/L与摇瓶发酵结果基本吻合。     

白酒生产用己酸菌发酵液发酵条件及培养基组成的优化

以白酒生产用的己酸菌为研究对象,对其发酵条件和培养基的组成进行了优化。 首先采用单因素试验优化了己酸菌的发酵 条件,随后采用Plackett-Burman试验、最陡爬坡试验、响应面法优化了己酸菌发酵培养基的组成。 结果表明,最佳发酵条件为发酵温度 33 ℃、接种量5%、装液量50 mL/100 mL、发酵时间11 d。 最佳发酵培养基的组成为乙酸钠1.644 g/100 mL、硫酸铵1.213 g/100 mL、生物 素0.013 g/100 mL、碳酸钙1.0 g/100 mL、磷酸氢二钾0.025 g/100 mL、硫酸镁0.025 g/100 mL、酵母浸粉0.625 g/100 mL、乙醇2.5 mL/100 mL、 对氨基苯甲酸0.062 5 g/100 mL。 在此优化培养工艺下,获得的己酸菌发酵液中己酸产量达18.93 g/L,比初始发酵工艺的发酵液（7.03 g/L） 提高了169%。     

类球红细菌3757发酵生产辅酶Q_(10)的工艺优化

从pH值、碳源、氮源、常量元素、微量元素、生长因子、接种量、种龄、转速、发酵温度、发酵时间方面优化类球红细菌3757发酵生产辅酶Q10的工艺。结果表明,较优的培养基组成是:葡萄糖4.0 g/L,牛肉膏1.0 g/L,磷酸氢二钾0.9 g/L,磷酸二氢钾0.6 g/L,无水氯化钙0.075 g/L,EDTA 0.02 g/L,微量元素溶液10 mL,生长因子溶液10 mL,调节pH 7.0。微量元素溶液配方:硫酸锰1.6 g/L;生长因子溶液配方:维生素B11.0 g/L,烟酰胺(VPP)1.0 g/L,生物素0.016 g/L,对氨基苯甲酸1.0 g/L。较优的培养条件:种龄24 h,接种量10%,转速180 r/min,发酵温度32℃,发酵时间24 h。优化发酵工艺后类球红细菌辅酶Q10的产率较优化前提高了35.1%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.