多孔NiTi形状记忆合金的制备及性能

采用球磨后的NiTi合金粉末为原料,添加尿素作为造孔剂,利用粉末烧结法制备多孔NiTi形状记忆合金.研究烧结温度、保温时间和预成型压力等条件对制备的多孔NiTi合金组织结构和力学性能的影响.结果表明:相对于传统的Ni粉和Ti粉近等原子比混合烧结方法,此方法制备的多孔NiTi合金的相组成更加纯净.且随烧结温度升高,多孔N...     

NiAl金属间化合物热爆合成动力学的试验研究

通过粉坯密度，加热速率，颗粒尺寸及合金元素等对ＮｉＡｌ热爆的点燃温度及最高反应放热温度的影响，研究了热爆合成的动力学规律，结果表明，热爆合成的点燃温度随颗粒尺寸的增大，加热速率的加快，粉坯密度的地加而升高。其反应最高温度随镍颗粒尺寸的增大，加热速率的加快和粉坯密度的增加而升高。     

Mg/NiTi复合材料的制备及阻尼性能

采用Mg粉的无压熔渗法制备Mg/NiTi复合材料以提高多孔NiTi合金的强度和阻尼性能。通过OM、SEM、EDS和XRD分析Mg/NiTi复合材料的显微组织结构,采用压缩实验分析其抗压强度、吸能能力,采用热机械分析仪分析其内耗和存储模量。结果表明:经Mg粉无压熔渗后,多孔NiTi合金的孔隙被Mg填充,其孔隙率由原来的50.38%下降至5.6%,且Mg与NiTi合金的界面结合良好。多孔NiTi合金主要由B2奥氏体相和B19'马氏体相及少量Ni₃Ti相和NiTi₂相组成;Mg/NiTi复合材料除增加了熔渗的Mg相外,还新生成了Mg₂Ni相。Mg的渗入未改变多孔NiTi合金相变行为,但提高了相变温度。Mg/NiTi复合材料的抗压强度可达554 MPa,较多孔NiTi合金提高了61%,压缩断裂方式也由多孔NiTi合金的孔壁崩塌断裂转变为Mg/NiTi复合材料的剪切断裂。Mg/NiTi复合材料的吸能较多孔NiTi合金有大幅提高。同时,Mg/NiTi复合材料的内耗值有所增加,而存储模量大幅提高,整体呈现出更佳的阻尼性能。      

热等静压法制备多孔NiTi形状记忆合金

运用热等静压法(hot isostatic pressing,HIP),制备出多孔的NiTi形状记忆合金.制备出的多孔NiTi合金具有接近球状的孔,孔径在50～200μm,孔的分布均匀且各向同性.本文研究了多孔NiTi形状记忆合金在不同时效条件下的微观结构和马氏体相变行为,发现富Ni的多孔NiTi形状记忆合金的相变机制与富Ni致密NiTi合金相类似,时效后的冷却曲线出现两个峰,表示母相B2→R的转变和R→B19'的转变过程.     

神经网络模型在预测Ni-Al系热爆点火时间中的应用

基于人工神经网络的原理,对热爆法制备Ni-Al系金属间化合物中的控制参数进行了研究,选取了加热速率、颗粒尺寸、压坯密度三个参数,通过对此参数的调控可以影响热爆反应的点火时间及反应过程.本文采用BP算法来训练网络,对热爆反应中的过程参数与热爆点火时间的映射关系进行了函数逼近,建立了热爆点火时间的神经网络模型.根据该模型可以预测热爆的点火时间,为控制热爆反应加压过程提供了可靠的依据.     

多孔NiTi形状记忆合金研究进展

评述了近10年来国内外在多孔NiTi形状记忆合金研究和应用方面的最新进展,主要内容包括:(1)近年来多孔镍钛(NiTi)形状记忆合金的发展、微观结构特点、力学性能和功能性;(2)当前制备多孔NiTi形状记忆合金的主要方法以及优缺点;(3)多孔NiTi形状记忆合金的相变和超弹性行为,以及与致密合金的比较.最后,简要介绍了多孔NiTi形状记忆合金在生物医学领域作为人体硬组织植入和修复材料,以及智能结构和阻尼器件等方面的研究和应用前景,探讨了今后多孔NiTi形状记忆合金的研究重点.     

医用多孔NiTi合金微波烧结的初步探讨

以镍粉和氢化钛粉为原料,经混粉、压坯后,在850～1100℃微波烧结10～30min获得多孔NiTi合金。利用阿基米德排水法、OM、SEM、EDS和XRD分别对多孔NiTi合金的孔隙率、表面形貌、成分和相组成进行了系统的分析。结果表明,微波烧结制备的多孔NiTi合金主要由B2型的NiTi相和少量Ni3Ti、Ti2Ni杂质相组成;随着烧结温度的升高,NiTi相增加而杂质相减少;多孔NiTi合金的孔隙率为30%～35.5%,孔径为20～60μm,随着烧结温度的升高,孔隙率在950℃之前变化不大,1000℃时获得最大值,之后逐渐下降;微波烧结的保温时间对合金相组成和孔隙率影响不大。     

多孔NiTi合金工艺参数与孔隙关系的神经网络研究

为了减少实验量,降低成本,利用人工神经网络的原理,选取温度、颗粒尺寸、压坯密度为输入量,产物的孔隙度为输出量,建立了反映自蔓延高温合成反应参数与产物孔隙特性内在关系的模型.研究表明,该模型可以对选定工艺条件下产物的孔隙度进行良好的预测,预测结果在合理的误差范围内.说明建立的反应参数与孔隙特性的关系模型是可靠的,可以通过此模型优化反应参数.     

造孔剂法制备孔隙率可控的多孔镍钛合金

用常规粉末冶金烧结法结合造孔剂技术制备了多孔镍钛形状记忆合金.研究结果表明,孔隙特征主要取决于所用造孔剂的尺寸和形貌,而孔隙率可以通过加入造孔剂的含量来调控;所制备合金的主要成分是B2相和B19'相的NiTi,在经高温固溶处理后仍有极少量的Ti2Ni,Ni3Ti和Ni4Ti3等杂质相存在,而且合金杂质相的含量随造孔剂加入量的增加而相应提高.对合金的相变热分析表明,在从高温降至低温过程中多孔镍钛发生特殊的三阶段相变,这主要是由合金成分和相组成在晶界的不均匀造成的.最后,研究表明相变对多孔镍钛合金的阻尼性能(内耗)有独特的影响,而孔隙率对阻尼的影响则不明显.     

离心成型结合模板法制备孔径均匀的多孔氧化铝陶瓷

将等直径的发泡聚苯乙烯(EPS)小球排列成有序的模板,通过在模板内离心成型制备孔径均匀的多孔氧化铝陶瓷.研究了多孔陶瓷孔结构的调整方法,分析了离心参数对孔壁生坯密度的影响,借助了TG-DTG曲线确定了焙烧工艺,用扫描电镜表征了最终产物的显微结构.结果表明,多孔陶瓷的孔结构可以通过改变小球的直径和所承受的附加载荷来调整.当氧化铝浆料的固相含量超过50%(体积分数),离心成型的物质分离现象被抑制,孔壁具有较高的生坯密度63.4%和烧结密度98.8%,当烧结产物的孔隙率从75.6%增加到83.2%,压缩强度由3.2MPa降到1.78MPa.     

表面多孔NiTi-羟基磷灰石/NiTi生物复合材料的制备与性能

利用放电等离子烧结技术制备了表面多孔NiTi-羟基磷灰石(HA)/NiTi生物复合材料,研究了烧结温度对复合材料宏观形貌、微观结构、表面孔隙特征、力学性能及体外生物活性的影响。结果表明:随着烧结温度从800℃提高到950℃,NiTi-HA/NiTi复合材料由复杂的Ti、Ni、Ti_2Ni、Ni_3Ti、HA混合相逐渐转变为单一的NiTi+HA相,内外层界面形成稳定的冶金结合且表面孔隙率与平均孔径呈缓慢减小趋势;同时抗压强度显著提高而弹性模量变化不明显。与传统NiTi、多孔NiTi及多孔NiTi-HA材料相比,950℃温度下制备的NiTi-HA/NiTi复合材料不仅具有良好的界面结合和表面孔隙特征(孔隙率45.6%、平均孔径393μm)、较高的抗压强度(1 301MPa)、较低的弹性模量(10.2GPa)以及优异的超弹性行为(超弹性恢复应变4%)的最佳匹配,而且还具有良好的体外生物活性。     

Influence of Ti Powder Characteristics on Combustion Synthesis of Porous NiTi Alloy

Porous NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) is a novel biomedical material used for human hard tissue implant .The influence of elemental titanium powder characteristics such as powder morphology, particle size and specific surface area( SSA) on the minimal ignition temperature ,combustion temperature and final product of porous Ni-Ti SMA fabricated by combustion synthesis method was investigated in this paper by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser diffraction.The preliminary data indicated that the titanium powder characteristics had a strong effect on combustion synthesis of porous NiTi SMA.     

Preparation,microstructure and mechanical properties of porous titanium sintered by Ti fibres

Open-cell porous Ti with a porosity ranging from 35 to 84% was successfully manufactured by sintering titanium fibres. The microstructure of the porous titanium was observed by SEM and the compressive mechanical properties were tested. By adjusting the spiral structure of the porous titanium, the pore size can be controlled in a range of 150–600 μm. With the increasing of the porosity, compressive yield strength and modulus decrease as predicated. However, high mechanical properties were still obtained at a medium porosity, e.g. the compressive yield strength and the modulus are as high as 100–200 MPa and 3.5–4.2 GPa, respectively, when the porosity is in the range of 50–70%. It was suggested that the porous titanium be strong enough to resist handing during implantation and in vivo loading. It is expected to be used as biocompatible implant, because their interconnected porous structures permit bone tissues ingrowth and the body fluids transportation.     

The effect of the combustion channels on the compressive strength of porous NiTi shape memory alloy fabricated by SHS as implant material

Porous NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) with ideal porosity and high compressive strength as an implant material was fabricated by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). In this study, a new ignition technique “high voltage electric arc” was used to ignite the green specimens and control the orientation of combustion channels which effect compressive strength. It was determined that the compressive strength of specimens was increased when the combustion channels were parallel along the specimen axis, and the compressive strength was decreased when the combustion channels were perpendicular to specimen axis. The desired phases such as B2(NiTi) and B19′ (NiTi) were dominant while the second phases (Ni₄Ti₃ and NiTi₂) in small amount. The undesired phases (such as pure Ni and Ni₃Ti) for biocompatibility are not found in the structure. The transformation temperatures were higher for medical applications by heat treatment and partly decreased at every next thermal cycle where the heating rate of the specimen was increased.     

Fabrication and characteristics of porous NiTi shape memory alloy synthesized by microwave sintering

Porous nickel titanium (NiTi) shape memory alloy (SMA) was successfully fabricated by microwave sintering method. This method allows formation of porous structures without using any pore-forming agents. Moreover, microwave sintering of NiTi SMA can be successfully performed at a relatively low sintering temperature of 850 °C and a short sintering time of 15 min. The pore characteristics, microstructure, phase transformation and stress-strain behavior of the porous NiTi SMA were investigated. The porous NiTi SMA exhibited porosity ratios from 27% to 48% and pore sizes range from 50 to 200 μm when using different sintering temperatures and holding times. The predominant B2 (NiTi) and B19′ (NiTi) phases were identified in the porous NiTi SMA. A multi-step phase transformation took place on heating and a two-step phase transformation took place on cooling of the porous NiTi SMA. The irrecoverable strains decreased with increasing sintering temperature, but the holding time had little effect on the stress-strain behavior at 60 °C.     

叔丁醇基凝胶注模工艺制备轻质、高强莫来石多孔陶瓷

以叔丁醇为成型溶剂, 莫来石粉为起始原料, 采用凝胶注模成型方法制备出轻质、高强莫来石多孔陶瓷. 莫来石多孔陶瓷中的孔隙形成于干燥过程中叔丁醇的快速挥发, 孔隙分布均匀且相互连通. 随烧结温度升高, 气孔率、开气孔率和比表面积分别由77.8%、76.0%和10.39m²/g下降到67.6%、65.5%和4.26m²/g, 而抗压强度则由3.29MPa显著提高到32.36MPa, 材料孔径大小受烧结温度影响较小, 孔径尺寸呈单峰分布, 且几乎所有的气孔都为开口气孔, 透气度与孔径尺寸具有一致的变化关系. 莫来石多孔陶瓷在高气孔率条件下仍然保持高强度的主要原因是材料中均匀的孔隙结构、孔径尺寸小且相对集中、以及因烧结颈的形成在空间上所表现出的一种颗粒搭接骨架结构.     

Experimental and numerical investigations on compressive properties of porous twisted wire materials

Wire diameter, sintering parameter, and porosity have great influences on porous structures and compressive properties of the stainless steel porous twisted wire materials with 30–92% porosities. Finer wires, higher sintering temperature, and longer sintering time will lead to narrower pore-size distributions, more compact porous structures, and stronger compressive yield strength. A random pore model and a twisted wire framework model are put forward to simulate the compressive process. The compressive deformation mechanism is a continuous densification process. The simulated and experimental stress-strain curves all exhibit elastic stage, plastic yield platform stage, and final densification stage.     

High-porosity NiTi superelastic alloys fabricated by low-pressure sintering using titanium hydride as pore-forming agent

Porous NiTi shape memory alloys (SMAs) were successfully fabricated by low-pressure sintering (LPS), and the pore features have been controlled by adjusting the processing parameters. The porous NiTi SMAs with high porosity (45%) and large pore size (200–350 μm) can be prepared by LPS using TiH_1.5 as pore-forming agent. These alloys exhibit isotropic pore structure with three-dimensional interconnected pores. The porous NiTi SMA produced by LPS exhibits superelasticity and mechanical properties superior to that by conventional sintering.