紫杉醇磁性纳米脂质体的制备及其性质研究

采用超声薄膜分散法制备紫杉醇磁性纳米脂质体。通过正交设计优化制备工艺,以包封率和分布情况等为综合考察指标。结果表明,最佳处方和工艺条件为:卵磷脂∶胆固醇为6∶1,紫杉醇∶(卵磷脂+胆固醇)为1∶30,超声时间40min,磁粉∶紫杉醇为2∶1,吐温-80∶紫杉醇为4∶1,聚乙二醇-800∶磁粉为8∶1。制备的紫杉醇磁性纳米脂质体包封率最高可达84.4%±1.7%,平均粒径150±20nm。该方法制备的紫杉醇磁性纳米脂质体包封率较高,分布均匀,符合靶向制剂的要求。     

Vc纳米脂质体悬浮液及其前体脂质体的制备与稳定性研究

通过单因素与正交实验优化了乙醇注入-高压均质法制备Vc纳米脂质体悬浮液的工艺,并制备了Vc前体脂质体.得到Vc纳米脂质体悬浮液的最佳制备工艺为:Vc添加量160mg,胆固醇与卵磷脂的质量比1∶5,Tween80与卵磷脂的质量比4∶5,水合温度55℃;按此最佳工艺制备的Vc纳米脂质体悬浮液平均包封率、平均粒径、多分散指数分别为78.11％、89.62nm、0.160;经冷冻干燥后得到的Vc前体脂质体的平均粒径、多分散指数分别为121.14nm、0.195.贮存稳定性实验结果表明,Vc纳米脂质体悬浮液与Vc前体脂质体的稳定性都受贮存温度与贮存时间的影响;但后者贮存稳定性高于前者.     

响应面法优化樟树籽油脂质体的制备工艺

采用薄膜分散法结合动态高压微射流技术制备樟树籽油纳米脂质体,以包封率及粒径为主要指标,考察各因素对樟树籽油脂质体制备的影响,建立以癸酸、月桂酸为指标的包封率测定方法,薄膜分散-动态高压微射流技术制备樟树籽油脂质体最佳工艺为大豆卵磷脂质量浓度3g/100mL、大豆卵磷脂与樟树籽油质量比3:1、大豆卵磷脂与胆固醇质量比6.7:1、磷酸缓冲溶液pH7.0、吐温80加入量占卵磷脂质量的24.2%、微射流120MPa处理两次,此条件下包封率可达(91.8±3.7)%,平均粒径达(107.1±8.6)nm。     

玉米黄色素纳米脂质体制备工艺研究

研究以玉米黄色素为原料,采用乙醇注入法制备玉米黄色素纳米脂质体。通过单因素和正交试验,优化玉米黄色素纳米脂质体的制备工艺,得到了玉米黄色素纳米脂质体的最佳制备工艺条件为:当玉米黄色素添加量为5 mg/m L,卵磷脂与胆固醇的质量比为4:1,温度为50℃,此条件下玉米黄色素纳米脂质体包封率为89.82%,平均粒径为70.89 nm。     

番茄红素纳米脂质体的制备研究

采用薄膜-超声法制备番茄红素纳米脂质体,并以纳米脂质体包封率为主要评价指标,采用正交设计法优化番茄红素纳米脂质体的配方。结果表明:番茄红素纳米脂质体的最佳配方比为:番茄红素:胆固醇:卵磷脂=2:15:100;最佳水合介质是pH7.0的PBS缓冲溶液;最适洗膜温度34℃。按该工艺组合制备3批番茄红素纳米脂质体,包封率的平均值为49.88%±0.19%,载药量为0.86%±0.1%,平均粒径小于40nm。按优化工艺可制得包封率稳定、粒径较小、分布均匀的微球体番茄红素纳米脂质体。     

薏苡仁油脂质体制备工艺研究

目的寻找到制备薏苡仁油纳米脂质体的最佳处方。方法:采用薄膜超声法制备薏苡仁油纳米脂质体,以薏苡仁油脂质体的包封率为主要评价指标并综合考虑薏苡仁油脂质体的粒度,采用正交设计法优化薏苡仁油脂质体的配方,寻找到制备薏苡仁油脂质体的最佳配方和最优工艺为:卵磷脂与胆固醇的质量比为3∶1、PBS缓冲溶液pH为6.8、超声功率为90%、超声时间30 min,按该处方工艺组合制备两批薏苡仁油脂质体,包封率平均值为83.6%,粒径为355 nm。     

鱼油纳米脂质体的制备及其性质测定

采用响应面法优化乙醇注入-动态高压微射流法制备鱼油纳米脂质体的工艺,并对其理化性质进行了初步测定。结果表明:制备鱼油纳米脂质体的最佳工艺为:磷脂浓度29 mg/mL,m(磷脂)∶m(鱼油)∶m(胆固醇)∶m(吐温-80)=10∶2∶2.5∶1,微射流压力150 MPa,微射流处理次数2次。在此条件下脂质体的包封率为76.9%,平均粒径128.1 nm,Zeta电位-20.11 mV。乙醇注入-动态高压微射流法制备的鱼油纳米脂质体粒径小且分布均匀(多分散指数0.258),具有较高的包封率和稳定性。     

绿原酸纳米脂质体制备与抑菌性分析

目的：研究绿原酸纳米脂质体制备及其抑菌性。方法：采用薄膜超声法制备绿原酸纳米脂质体,并用扫描电镜和粒度仪分析测定其形貌及粒径,考察膜材比、药脂比及超声时间对包封率的影响,最后对其体外稳定性和抑菌能力进行评价。结果：胆固醇与卵磷脂质量比1∶8、绿原酸与膜材质量比1∶10、超声时间15 min所制备的绿原酸纳米脂质体呈椭圆形,形态规整,粒径在110 nm左右,分散性良好,包封率和载药量最高分别达到87.5%和36%;紫外测试表明绿原酸被成功包覆在脂质体中;体外缓释实验表明,在24 h和14 d中绿原酸纳米脂质体均释放稳定;在抑菌实验中,绿原酸纳米脂质体与绿原酸和四环素相比具有更持久的抑菌能力。结论：采用薄膜超声法制备的绿原酸纳米脂质体具有很好的形貌和分散性能,也具有很好持续抑菌能力。     

叶黄素纳米脂质体的制备工艺优化及其氧化稳定性

以叶黄素晶体为原料,采用乙醇注入法制备叶黄素纳米脂质体。在单因素试验基础上采用响应面试验,优化叶黄素纳米脂质体的制备工艺,得到了叶黄素纳米脂质体的最佳制备工艺条件为:叶黄素用量0.51 mg/m L、卵磷脂与胆固醇(质量比4∶1)用量5.0%、pH 7.4、温度62.9℃。此条件下叶黄素纳米脂质体包封率为(91.20±0.56)%,平均粒径为(226.8±10.62)nm;透射电子显微镜分析显示,所制备的叶黄素纳米脂质体呈球形纳米结构,叶黄素在纳米脂质体内部均匀分布;1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-dipheny1-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH)自由基清除研究结果表明,叶黄素及其纳米脂质体的DPPH自由基清除活性与其质量浓度呈正相关,叶黄素纳米脂质体可有效提高叶黄素的热稳定性和抗氧化性能。     

α-淀粉抑制酶纳米脂质体运动食品的制备及稳定性评价

本研究以α-淀粉抑制酶为主要原料，辅以适当的卵磷脂、胆固醇，生产出一款含α-淀粉抑制酶的纳米脂质体。以α-淀粉抑制酶添加量、卵磷脂添加量、胆固醇添加量、搅拌温度为因素，以包封率为指标，进行单因素实验及正交试验，并研究了温度和pH等贮藏条件对α-淀粉抑制酶纳米脂质体稳定性的影响。结果表明，最佳工艺条件为α-淀粉抑制酶添加量2.0 mg/mL，胆固醇添加量8.0 mg/mL，卵磷脂添加量0.25 mg/mL，搅拌温度70 ℃。制得的纳米脂质体的包封率达到91.6%，平均粒径为70.2 nm，并在温度为25 ℃、pH3.5～7.5的条件下贮藏40 d，其粒径变化小，分散体系稳定性好。在本实验的工艺条件下制备的纳米脂质体有效提高α-淀粉抑制酶的稳定性和利用率，为进一步的开发应用提供可行性。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis on Economic Indicators from 62 Enterprises in Printing Machinery Industry in Q1 2014

Operation of printing machine industry was still unsatisfactory in the first quarter of 2014.Analysis on operation of printing machine industry.a.Market demand was not strong;sales of product undulated and declined.According to the statistics,the total industrial output value fell by 19.28% in the first quarter of 2014 than the average quarter value in 2013; industrial added value decreased by 4.16%; sales revenue dropped by 22.83%. h. Business operation of enterprises was in poor condition. c. R＆D of new products is an important transformation guarantee for enterprises. d. To take self explore new ways upgrading advantages,and explore new ways.