肉桂精油-海藻酸钠可食性抗菌膜的研制

以海藻酸钠为成膜材料,并添加不同质量浓度的肉桂精油来制备可食性抗菌膜。根据膜的力学性能和抑菌性能,确定了可食性膜中添加海藻酸钠、甘油和肉桂精油的最佳质量分数,以及可食性抗菌膜的最佳干燥温度和干燥时间。实验结果表明：在海藻酸钠的质量浓度为20mg／mL,甘油的添加质量分数为1．0％,肉桂精油的添加质量分数为2．0％,干燥温度为50℃和干燥时间为4．5h的条件下,所制备的膜具有最佳的力学性能和抑菌性能。     

添加剂对可食用性芹菜包装纸机械性能的影响

为了研究添加剂对可食性蔬菜纸机械性能的影响,以芹菜为基材,CMC、明胶和海藻酸钠为黏结剂,甘油为增塑剂,通过制浆、抄纸、干燥,制成可食性芹菜包装纸,并对芹菜包装纸的机械性能进行测定。根据单因素实验结果,进行多因素实验分析,并建立回归方程,分析不同复合添加剂对包装纸抗张强度的影响,得到添加剂的最佳混合比例。实验结果表明：当CMC的添加质量分数为0.68%,明胶的添加质量分数为0.62%,甘油的添加质量分数为3.3%时,抗张强度取得最优值,为26.13 MPa。与单因素实验结果相比,复合添加剂的添加有效地提高了纸张的机械性能。     

明胶-酪蛋白酸钠可食性膜的包装性能研究

采用均匀实验设计方法,研究了明胶、酪蛋白酸钠、甘油添加量和成膜温度对可食性膜各项性能的影响,并确定了最佳的成膜工艺和影响膜各项性能的显著因素。结果表明,实验组C(明胶质量分数为5%,酪蛋白酸钠质量分数为8%,甘油添加比例为14%,成膜温度为55 ℃) 具有良好的包装性能,其拉伸强度为11. 45MPa,伸长率为28. 67%,透光率为92. 3%,雾度为7. 56%,氧气透过率为10. 101 cm3 / (m2 ·d·0. 1 MPa),水蒸气透过系数为1. 69×10-13 g·cm/ (Pa·s·cm2 );甘油添加比例是影响膜拉伸强度、伸长率和水蒸气透过系数最显著的因素,其相应的偏回归系数分别为-0. 901,2. 720 和0. 9662;明胶和酪蛋白酸钠均为影响膜透氧气率的显著因素,可增强膜的阻气性能。     

纤维素/海藻酸钠/明胶复合水凝胶的制备与性能

纤维素作为一种来源丰富的天然高分子材料,具有优异的生物相容性和可降解性,但其难溶特性限制了其应用。文中采用离子液体1-烯丙基-3-甲基咪唑氯化物(AmimCl)溶解纤维素(Cel),海藻酸钠(SA)与明胶(Gel)混合水溶液作为凝固浴进行纤维素再生,进一步通过浸泡氯化钙(CaCl₂)溶液交联海藻酸钠,制备了一种透明、高强度的复合水凝胶。分别探究了纤维素浓度(3%,4%,5%,6%,7%和8%)及不同的海藻酸钠/明胶质量比(0:10,2:8,4:6,6:4,8:2和10:0)对水凝胶性能的影响。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、紫外可见分光光度计和万能材料试验机对水凝胶进行了表征。结果表明,水凝胶中各组分之间的氢键作用及海藻酸钠与Ca²⁺之间的离子相互作用赋予水凝胶优异的力学性能,相比于纯水作为凝固浴制备的再生纤维素水凝胶,强度提高了26.36%。随着纤维素浓度的增加,水凝胶的结晶度和网络结构的致密性增加,水凝胶的力学性能显著提升。此外,海藻酸钠/明胶的比例也对水凝胶的力学性能有显著影响,当海藻酸钠与明胶质量比为6:4时,水...     

不同条件对SA/GT/CS三元复合水凝胶微球溶胀性能的影响

将海藻酸钠/明胶共混液滴入舍有CaCl2的壳聚糖醋酸溶液中,制备出SA/CS/GT三元复合水凝胶微球.改变sA/GT的质量配比、盐离子浓度、温度,考察不同条件下对复合微球溶胀度的影响.结果表明:当SA : GT质量比为10:0.6、10:0.8,CaCl2浓度为3%～4 %,所成微球的溶胀性能较好;随温度的升高,溶胀度不断增大.     

固态酶型时间温度指示器性能研究

目的以糖化酶、淀粉为主要原料,研制一种激活方便的固态酶型时间-温度指示器。方法对糖化酶进行微胶囊化处理,以糖化酶反应体系为基础,研究不同因素对指示器色差值的影响,确定在4℃条件下,时间在5~6 d的指示器配比。结果确定了固态酶型TTI的反应配方,通过测定其在不同温度下的反应速率,得到了7组TTI体系的活化能,其活化能值分别为106.68,98.47,87.66,89.73,106.74,97.51和87.99 k J/mol。结论得到可用于4℃条件下的时间温度指示器的7组配方,根据其活化能的不同,可用于指示不同产品的货架期。     

改性海藻酸钠凝胶球的制备及去除偏二甲肼研究

海藻酸钠(SA)凝胶球对水体中的金属离子有较好的吸附性能,但对偏二甲肼(UDMH)的吸附去除作用尚未见报道。制备了SA凝胶球并对其改性用于处理UDMH废水。实验结果表明,单纯的SA凝胶球以及SA/聚乙二醇(PEG)凝胶球对UDMH的去除率仅为7%和8%。加入质量分数0.2%的氧化石墨烯(GO)后,得到的SA/PEG/GO凝胶球的机械性能得到改善,并且吸附率可达33%。由正交试验得出最佳制备工艺为:SA的质量分数为3%,PEG的质量分数为2%,GO的质量分数为0.2%。还研究了pH对复合凝胶球去除水中UDMH的影响。研究发现,此吸附机理服从准二级动力学方程;凝胶球经5次再生后仍可重复利用。     

添加剂对可食性蔬菜纸耐折度的影响

目的研究复合添加剂对可食性蔬菜纸耐折度的影响,以提高纸张的耐折度。方法以芹菜为基材,添加可食性的CMC、明胶和海藻酸钠作为粘结剂,甘油和山梨醇作为增塑剂,进行制浆、抄纸、干燥,制成可食性的芹菜纸,并对芹菜纸的耐折度进行测定,根据单因素实验结果,进行复合添加剂制备芹菜纸的实验,并建立回归方程,绘制响应面曲线和等高线,找出芹菜纸耐折度达到极值时的添加剂混合比例。结果当粘结剂质量分数为0.9%时,耐折度达到峰值6次,增塑剂质量分数为6%时,耐折度峰值为10次。当以质量分数分别为0.34%的CMC、0.40%的明胶和5.9%的甘油作为混合添加剂时,芹菜纸的耐折度可达到21次。结论复合添加剂的添加有效地提高了纸张的韧性,对改善纸张的耐折度起到了一定的作用。     

含微胶囊的抗菌淀粉膜制备工艺及性能研究

目的研究一种含微胶囊的抗菌淀粉膜制备工艺,并对其性能进行评价。方法以淀粉作为成膜基材,加入具有抗菌性的微胶囊,以及明胶、甘油、CaCl_2等助剂,采用流延法制备出含微胶囊的抗菌淀粉膜。将淀粉/甘油/明胶的质量比、微胶囊含量、CaCl_2含量、干燥温度作为影响因素,进行正交试验,选取膜的水溶性、力学性能、抗菌性能作为指标,对其性能进行检测和综合评价。结果当淀粉/甘油/明胶质量比为6∶3∶1,微胶囊质量分数为20%,CaCl_2质量分数为2%,干燥温度为50℃时,薄膜具有较好的综合性能。结论通过加入丁香精油微胶囊,制得的淀粉基薄膜具有抗菌性。     

基于凝胶注模技术制备TiN-Cu电火花电极可行性研究

本文主要探索凝胶注模技术制备TiN-Cu电火花加工用(EDM)电极的可行性。本文以TiN粉末和Cu粉末作为原料、海藻酸钠作为分散剂、明胶作为粘结剂,经过浆料制备、干燥、烧结成EDM电极。研究了pH值、分散剂、粘结剂对浆料流动性的影响和TiN-Cu EDM电极电加工性能。试验结果表明:当pH值为7、海藻酸钠质量分数为1%、明胶质量分数为1%时,30%TiN-Cu EDM电极相对损耗率为11.625%,比商用紫铜电极相对损耗率低,从而得出凝胶注模技术制备TiN-Cu EDM电极是可行的。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.