烯唑醇在葡萄和土壤中的残留动态研究

为了解烯唑醇在葡萄上使用的安全性,采用田间试验的方法,研究了烯唑醇在葡萄和土壤中的残留消解规律和最终残留状况。实验结果表明:在葡萄生长期,12.5%烯唑醇可湿性粉剂按推荐剂量50g·mu-1施药2～3次,距采收期最长21d,烯唑醇在葡萄和土壤中的残留量分别为0.0142mg·kg-1～0.0286mg·kg-1和0.0478mg·kg-1～0.0387mg·kg-1;12.5%烯唑醇可湿性粉剂按推荐2倍剂量100g·mu-1施药2～3次,距采收期最长21d,烯唑醇在葡萄和土壤中的残留量分别为0.0581mg·kg-1～0.0606mg·kg-1和0.0347mg·kg-1～0.0463mg·kg-1。烯唑醇在葡萄和土壤中消解较快,其半衰期分别为5.42d和12.60d,说明该药属易分解农药(T1/2<30d),按推荐剂量使用是安全的。     

超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法分析茶叶中联苯肼酯残留与风险评估

建立了QuEChERS分散固相萃取技术净化茶叶,超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）法测定茶叶鲜叶和成茶中联苯肼酯残留的分析方法。利用该方法研究了43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂在茶叶鲜叶生长中的残留降解规律,并对其在茶叶饮用中的安全性进行了风险评估。结果表明,联苯肼酯在0.002 5~1.00 mg/L浓度范围内的线性关系良好,相关系数r为0.994 2。在0.020、0.20、2.0 mg/kg添加浓度下,绿茶中联苯肼酯的平均回收率分别为79.3%、88.6%、103.4%,相对标准偏差（RSD）分别为6.1%、5.9%、3.7%;红茶中联苯肼酯的平均回收率分别为79.3%、82.6%、103.3%,RSD分别为6.7%、4.5%、4.7%;鲜叶中联苯肼酯的平均回收率分别为91.1%、94.4%、91.0%,RSD分别为4.3%、3.8%、7.6%。方法检出限（LOD,S/N=3）为1.5 μg/kg,定量限（LOQ,S/N=10）为5 μg/kg。由于不同地区和时间的茶叶生长稀释作用、气候温度的不同,43%联苯肼酯悬浮剂在茶鲜叶生长中半衰期为1.4~2.9天;按照推荐剂量和1.5倍推荐剂量施药1~2次,结果表明,10天后成茶中的联苯肼酯残留量均小于5 mg/kg。根据风险评估结果,建议我国茶叶中联苯肼酯最大残留限量（MRL）值可设为5 mg/kg。     

氟环唑在苹果及土壤中的残留动态研究

为了解氟环唑在苹果上使用的安全性,分别在天津和安徽两地进行了氟环唑在苹果和土壤中的残留消解规律和最终残留研究,试样经溶剂浸泡提取,层析柱净化,用气相色谱定量。结果表明,氟环唑的最低检出量为1.93×10-13g,在苹果和土壤中的最低检出浓度分别为9.65×10-5mg·kg-1和1.21×10-4mg·kg-1;苹果中氟环唑的平均回收率为88.94%～91.86%,变异系数为5.88%～6.63%;土壤中氟环唑的平均回收率为98.89%～103.03%,变异系数为2.96%～6.33%。氟环唑消解较快,在苹果中其半衰期两地分别为8.21d和11.46d,土壤中其半衰期两地分别为11.53d和16.43d。按推荐剂量(900倍稀释液)2倍施用3次,距最后一次施药间隔21d后,苹果中氟环唑的残留量为0.267～0.033mg·kg-1,土壤中的氟环唑残留量为0.143mg·kg-1～0.123mg·kg-1。说明该药属易分解农药(T1/2<30d),按推荐剂量使用是安全的。     

全自动固相萃取-GC-FPD法检测土壤中残留的马拉硫磷、甲基对硫磷和治螟磷

目的实验研究建立全自动固相萃取-GC-FPD法检测土壤中残留的马拉硫磷、甲基对硫磷和治螟磷的分析方法。方法土壤样品用丙酮提取后,上全自动固相萃取仪,控制流速20mL/min,HLB固相萃取柱净化、富集,收集洗脱液,洗脱液氮吹至近干,丙酮溶解残渣,0.22μm滤膜率过后,上GC-FPD仪器,外标法定量检测。结果马拉硫磷、甲基对硫磷和治螟磷在浓度为0.02～2.0μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,相关系数均大于0.995;加标回收率在86.0～91.5%之间;检出限在0.005～0.012mg/kg之间;重复性和精密度相对标准偏差(n=6)均在5.0%以内。结论该方法具有准确、快速、重复性好等优点,适用于土壤中马拉硫磷、甲基对硫磷和治螟磷残留的监测。     

气相色谱质谱法同时测定土壤中的苯胺、丙烯腈、联苯胺和丙烯酰胺的残留

实验研究开发了加速溶剂萃取法提取土壤中的苯胺、丙烯腈、联苯胺和丙烯酰胺气相色谱质谱法检测的分析方法。苯胺、丙烯腈、联苯胺和丙烯酰胺在0.02～5.0μg/mL范围内线性关系良好;检测限分别为0.003、0.003、0.004和0.003mg/kg;平均加样回收率在86.5%～104.2%之间;方法重复性良好。实验结果证明,此方法检测结果准确、污染小、操作简便,适用于土壤中苯胺、丙烯腈、联苯胺和丙烯酰胺等化工原料残留的检测。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定茶叶和土壤中吡虫啉的残留量

建立了固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定茶叶和土壤中吡虫啉农药残留量的方法.样品用乙腈提取,过C18固相小柱净化,用乙腈洗脱,DAD二级管阵列检测器检测,外标法定量.对茶叶和土壤的添加浓度在0.01～2.0mg/kg时,平均添加回收率为:88.3～96.2%,变异系数＜4.02%,吡虫啉的最小检出量为2.5×10-10g,茶叶中的最低检出浓度为0.01mg/kg.该方法的灵敏度、准确度和精密度均符合农药残留测定的技术要求.     

两种消解方法-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定西藏土壤中的砷和汞

采用水浴消解和高压罐消解两种消解方法对土壤样品进行前处理,研究两种前处理方法对测定土壤As、Hg含量的精密度和准确性.实验表明:高压罐消解法测定土壤更为快速、准确、简便,回收率在97.5％-103.0％之间,RSD小于1.9％,结果较为满意.利用高压罐消解法测定2个西藏土壤样品,As含量分别为8.56 mg/kg和12.3mg/kg,Hg含量分别为0.0230mg/kg和0.0383 mg/kg,远低于土壤环境质量标准值.     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法分析茶叶生长加工冲泡过程中螺螨酯的残留迁移降解

茶叶是我国重要的经济作物之一,随着产业规模不断扩大和病虫害频发,化学农药多用于快速防治茶园病虫害。但是,茶园登记使用的农药种类较少,长期单一频繁使用后,茶园害虫易产生抗药性,防治效果降低,导致农药用量增加,由此带来的茶叶中农药残留问题引起广泛关注。因此,寻找并评估新的茶园替代农药在茶叶上的残留行为和最大残留限量标准具有重要意义。本文将优化的QuEChERS前处理方法与超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）相结合,建立了茶鲜叶、红茶、绿茶、红茶汤和绿茶汤中螺螨酯的残留分析方法。结果表明：在0.005~2.5 mg/L浓度范围内,不同基质的螺螨酯标准曲线相关系数R²在0.993 6以上,检出限（LODs）均小于0.002 mg/L;4个不同添加水平下,螺螨酯的平均回收率为78.8%~107.5%,相对标准偏差 (RSD)为1.3%~13.9%,在茶鲜叶、红茶和绿茶、红茶汤和绿茶汤中的定量限（LOQ)分别为0.002 mg/kg、0.005 mg/kg和0.000 2 mg/L。利用该方法研究了螺螨酯在茶叶生长加工及冲泡过程中的迁移降解规律发现,螺螨酯在浙江茶鲜叶上的降解半衰期为3.29天;从茶鲜叶经过加工后到红茶和绿茶的螺螨酯残留量显著降低,分别降低33.6%~51.8%和22.7%~63.4%;螺螨酯在红茶汤和绿茶汤中的浸出率较低,3次总浸出率分别为1.8%~4.3%和1.5%~2.8%。通过膳食风险评估发现,人体饮茶中的螺螨酯最大摄入量为0.000 069 mg/kg·d bw,仅为螺螨酯ADI值的0.69%;全膳食风险评估表明,螺螨酯的国家估算每日摄入量（NEDI）是0.362 2 mg,日允许摄入量0.63 mg,风险概率57.49%。因此,将我国茶叶中螺螨酯的最大残留限量值设定为10 mg/kg,对人体膳食摄入风险较低。     

气相色谱法测定土壤中阿特拉津、百菌清、溴氰菊酯和环氧七氯的微量残留

目的:研究采用加速溶剂萃取法提取土壤中的阿特拉津、百菌清、溴氰菊酯和环氧七氯微量残留,气相色谱-电子捕获检测器法定量检测的分析方法。方法:采集某地土壤样品,风干后,打成细粉,取粉碎后的土壤样品约12 g,置萃取池中,用环己烷进行萃取,萃取液氮吹至近干,加1mL乙腈溶解,涡旋1 min后滤过,上气相色谱仪定量检测。结果:阿特拉津、百菌清、溴氰菊酯和环氧七氯浓度范围0.01~8.0μg/mL内线性关系良好,相关系数均不低于0.995;检出限在0.006~0.010 mg/kg范围内;加标回收率在84.1%~92.3%之间;重复性RSD分别为2.85%、3.19%、2.77%和3.47%。结论:结果表明,方法具有操作简单、检测准确等特点,可以用于土壤中微量农药残留的检测。     

高效液相色谱法测定对虾中五种磺胺类药物残留

采用反相高效液相色谱法，同时测定对虾中的五种磺胺类药物残留。用C18柱．紫外(或PDA)检测器，流动相为5mmol／L NaH2PO4溶液．乙腈溶液，磷酸调pH2．8，流速1．0mL／min，枉温35℃，于267nm波长处检测。最低检测限达到2μg／kg，相关系数在0．9997以上。五种药残加标回收率在100μg/kg，50μg/kg，10μg/kg三个水平上分别为81．90％，79．86％，71．80％，RSD＜10％亦符合痕量测定要求。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Quantum Cooperative Robotics and Autonomy

The intersection of Quantum Technologies and Robotics Autonomy is explored in the present paper.The two areas are brought together in establishing an interdisci...     

考虑进油孔有限长滑动轴承油膜力的近似解析解

针对具有进油孔的有限长滑动轴承油膜力求解问题,采用变分原理和分离变量法,求得了有限长滑动轴承油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式。将油膜压力分布的近似解析表达式在油膜存在区域上进行积分,即得到了油膜力。将提出的计算有限长滑动轴承油膜力方法与无限长轴承模型、有限元方法的计算结果进行了比较,发现了提出的方法与有限元方法的计算结果很接近。最后,研究了进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域、油膜力等的影响,研究结果表明进油孔位置和进油压力对油膜存在区域和油膜力有较大的影响。     

三绕组变压器的双绕组等效建模及在Matpower中的应用

针对实际电网存在着大量的三绕组变压器,但国际上一些著名商业软件,如BPA仿真软件、Matpower这一权威潮流计算开源软件,均只提供双绕组变压器模型,限制了其在具有三绕组变压器的电力系统中的应用的问题,潮流计算是自主开发的电力系统各种应用软件的核心模块,因此依托国际权威开源程序进行二次开发,是一种较好的选择。对Matpower要求的数据格式进行了归纳,对变压器的一般的等值电路及带理想变压器的等值电路和带标幺值的等值电路进行了分析研究,提出了三绕组变压器转换为双绕组等效模型的建模方法,使得原先只适应双绕组变压器的潮流计算软件可以适用于三绕组变压器电网的潮流计算;最后以Matpower软件为例进行了案例计算,并用PSASP仿真软件进行对比验证。研究结果证明,所提出的建模方法是有效的。     

On the Relation of Load to Average Gap in the Contact Between Surfaces with Longitudinal Roughness

A computer simulation model for the contact between longitudinally-oriented rough surfaces has been formulated. This model closely duplicates the actual surf ace contact deformation behavior by taking into account the elastic interactions between the asperities. There were no assumptions made about the shapes, or any deformation behavior of the asperities, except for their obeying the laws of elasticity. The plastic deformations on the high asperity peaks were taken into account by setting a ceiling on their contact pressures at the material hardness value. The simulations used real surface profiles which were digitized from unworn circumferentially ground steel surfaces. Each pair of these profiles was mathematically combined to form an equivalent rough profile pressing against an infinitely rigid flat and having the appropriately adjusted elastic modulus. A total of 28 different pairs of profiles were used in the simulations. Each contacting pair was subjected to 30 different load levels and the local contact pressures and deformations were calculated. The contact simulations yielded some important mathematical relationships between parameters, such as the real area of contact, average gap, and average asperity load through statistical curve fitting. Two analytical functions were generated to relate the average load to average gap and the real area of contact to load.     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

电站锅炉模糊风险评价方法研究与应用

针对电站锅炉风险等级评价问题,将模糊综合评价技术应用到电站锅炉风险等级评价中。开展了电站锅炉失效影响因素及模糊评价因素的重要程度分析,建立了一套科学合理适于在线评价的电站锅炉风险评价体系,提出了模糊综合评价技术与改进的模糊层次分析法相结合的模糊风险评价方法,利用改进的模糊层次分析法计算了指标体系中各层指标权重。对某一台电站锅炉的实际运行工况影响子因素进行了模糊风险评价,采用模糊合成算子进行模糊综合运算得到电了站锅炉运行工况影响子因素的评价向量。研究结果表明:电站锅炉的运行工况影响子因素的风险评价等级为第6级,失效可能性等级为小,该电站锅炉运行工况良好。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.