我国功能性高倍甜味剂的发展现状与前景

甜口味剂是食品添加剂和动物饲料等行业中的一项重要产品,在世界范围内其应用量在各类食品添加剂中一直排在前列,特别是无热量.非营养性高倍甜味剂或功能性高倍甜味剂,是各国科学家研究最多的一个领域.近二十年来,肥胖症、糖尿病和龋齿等人群高发病的产生都被认为与饮食习惯及膳食结构尤其是与蔗糖摄入过多有密切关系.     

高倍甜味剂——甜味剂发展新方向

甜味剂是当今世界各国食品添加剂行业研究的一项重要内容,特别是无热量、非营养性高倍甜味剂,是各国科学家研究最多的一个领域,也经常被称为功能性高倍甜味剂。近二十年来,肥胖症、糖尿病和龋齿等人群高发病的产生都被认为与饮食习惯及膳食结构,尤其是与蔗糖摄入过多有密切关系。因此,甜味剂发展重点之一就是安全性高、无营养价值、     

关于甜味剂的生产与应用问题

<正> 甜味剂是指能赋予食品以甜味的食品添加剂,按其来源可分为天然甜味剂和人工合成甜味剂,以其营养价值可分为营养性甜味剂和非营养性甜味剂,按其化学结构和性质可分为糖类甜味剂和非糖类甜味剂。     

正确认识和使用高倍甜味剂

近几年我国的高倍甜味剂得到了迅速发展,在国际市场上的占有率越来越大,国内市场发展也稳步提高.高倍甜味剂在丰富人们食品结构的同时,消费者对其还存在不同程度的误解,认为高倍甜味剂对人体可能造成某些伤害,对其安全性存在顾虑和恐慌心理.另外由于政府相关部门对食品监督管理上的不足,也确实存在食品加工生产者超范围、超量使用甜味剂等问题,对人民群众的健康和生命安全造成了威胁.文章总结了近几年我国高倍甜味剂产业的发展现状,介绍了JECFA制定的常用高倍甜味剂的ADI值,指出了应正确认识高倍甜味剂的安全性能.食品添加剂企业和食品加工企业要切实保护消费者的健康权益,严格按照国家标准规定使用添加剂,杜绝超量和超范围等滥用行为,遵守食品安全法,促进甜味剂行业健康有序发展.     

甜味剂的发展现状和影响

甜味剂是目前广泛应用的食品添加剂。概述了一些天然的非糖类甜味剂、低热量功能性甜味剂和化学合成高倍甜味剂的种类和应用,以及它们对人类生活的影响。     

甜菊糖的酶法改性及其生物活性研究进展

甜菊糖是一种非营养性天然高倍甜味剂,其中的多种成分具有生物活性.对甜菊糖中大量存在的甜菊苷进行改性可以去除其后苦涩味并可以获得多种具有生物活性的衍生物.本文主要综述了各种糖基转移酶催化转化甜菊苷及其它衍生物的过程和产物,尤其是酶催化改性甜菊苷的区域选择性及其对其甜味特性的影响;着重分析了环糊精葡萄糖基转移酶的催化转化机理及其各种催化活性之间的竞争和关联;并对甜菊糖的代谢、毒理以及生物活性等进行了简单评述.     

我国功能性高倍甜味剂的发展现状与前景

阐述了高倍甜味的性质、特性和应用意义,综述了高倍甜味剂在我国的生产、应用现状、分析了高倍甜味剂在我国的发展前景.     

一种新型高倍甜味剂-双甜

阿斯巴甜作为低热量、高甜度、非营养性甜味剂,却具有热不稳定性和在水溶液中的稳定性受溶液的pH影响大等缺点,使其在应用上受到一定的限制.通过把阿斯巴甜和AK糖反应转化成盐,以改善其物理性质和稳定性,从而得到一种新型甜味剂.本文介绍了新型高倍甜味剂双甜的性能、制备方法以及发展前景.目前双甜的主要合成方法是在水为介质的酸性条件下将阿斯巴甜和AK糖反应,并通过高效液相色谱(HPLC)、核磁共振(HNMR)和红外光谱(IR)对双甜的组成进行分析和研究.双甜在甜度、稳定性以及溶解速度等方面性能突出,能为食品工艺学家提供比阿斯巴甜和AK糖混合物更为优秀的改善制品品质的性能.     

食品用复合甜味剂

文章介绍了食品用甜味剂及其复配的相关知识,指出复合甜味剂是市场发展的必然结果,高品质、营养性、安全性是未来甜味剂的发展趋势.     

新型保健性甜味剂——麦芽糖醇及其在食品工业中的应用

<正> 1.前言 甜味剂是食品工业的主要原料,也是反映国民生活水平的重要标志。随着人们生活水平的不断提高,甜味剂产量和品种的增加已远不能满足人们日益增长的消费需求。人们在品尝甜味的同时,对甜味剂本身提出了更高的要求,这就是它的营养性和保健性。目前对保健性甜味剂的开发已越来越受到世界     

Comparative study of postprandial glycaemia in type 2 diabetic patients after consumption of mono- and disaccharides and sweeteners

It was investigated the influence of mono- and disaccharides, sugar alcohols, honey, corn patoka and products with nutritive and nonnutritive sweeteners on dynamic of postprandial glycaemia in type 2 diabetic patients. After ingestion of 30 g fructose, blood glucose did not show a marked increase in comparison with sucrose or honey. After ingestion of 30 g sorbitol or isomalt, blood glucose curve was not significantly different. It was indicated that corn patoka in chewing candies with isomalt has a high hyperglycaemic effect whereas drink with nonnutritive sweeteners did not change blood glucose from fasting levels.     

Parents’ and Children's Acceptance of Skim Chocolate Milks Sweetened by Monk Fruit and Stevia Leaf Extracts

Chocolate milk increases milk consumption of children, but high sugar content raises health concerns. Interest in sugar reduction and parents’ preference for natural sweeteners necessitates further research on natural nonnutritive sweeteners. However, it is important to maintain consumer acceptability, especially for children, while reducing sugar in chocolate milk. The objectives of this study were to identify the sweetness intensity perception of stevia leaf (STV) and monk fruit (MK) extracts in skim chocolate milk (SCM), to evaluate STV and MK as the sole or partial sweetener source for SCM for young adults (19 to 35 y) and children (5 to 13 y), and to determine if information on natural nonnutritive sweeteners impacted parents’ acceptability of SCM. Power function and 2‐alternative forced choice studies were used to determine the iso‐sweetness of nonnutritive sweeteners to a sucrose control in SCM (51.4 g/L, SUC control). Young adults (n = 131) evaluated 9 different SCM (SUC control, STV, MK, STV:sucrose blends, or MK:sucrose blends) in a completely randomized 2‐d test. Children (n = 167) evaluated SUC control SCM and SCM with 39.7 g/L sucrose and 46 mg/L MK (MK25) or 30 mg/L STV (STV25). Parents evaluated SUC control, MK25, and STV25 in a balanced crossover design with a 40‐d wait time between primed or unprimed ballots. Chocolate milks solely sweetened by nonnutritive sweeteners were less acceptable compared with SUC control by young adults. MK25 and STV25 were acceptable by young adults and children. The presentation of chocolate milk label information had different effects on parental acceptance. Traditional parents preferred sucrose sweetened SCM, and label conscious parents preferred SCM with natural nonnutritive sweeteners.     

Invited review: Sugar reduction in dairy products

Sugar overconsumption continues to increase worldwide and contributes to multiple health-related issues. Dairy foods represent a large market, grossing more than $125 billion per year worldwide. Consumer demands for healthier products are leading to a large push for sugar reduction in dairy foods. Sugar plays an important role in dairy foods, not only in flavor but also in texture, color, and viscosity. Replacing sugar can have negative effects, making substitution inherently difficult. Natural and artificial nonnutritive sweeteners exist for sugar reduction. Natural nonnutritive sweeteners are popular, particularly for label appeal, but many consumers still prefer the taste of artificial nonnutritive sweeteners. Sweet taste perception can also be affected by texture of the food matrix and the presence of fat. Other sugar reduction techniques include hydrolysis of lactose, ultrafiltration, and direct reduction. This review will address the role of sugar, alternative sweeteners, and sugar reduction in ice cream, yogurt, and flavored milk.     

香气增甜的作用机制及评价方法研究进展

食品减糖比较常见的方法是使用非营养性甜味剂,但非营养性甜味剂会带来不受欢迎的苦味或金属味及安全风险。研究表明,在某些食物中加入香气物质可以增强人体对食品的甜味感知,即利用香气增甜作用达到食品减糖效果。从气味物质种类、甜味剂浓度2个方面总结了对香气增甜作用有重要影响的因素;从正鼻途径和后鼻途径的嗅觉感受机制、脑神经及味觉感受机制、心理感受机制3个方面阐述了香气增甜的作用机制,总结了分子模拟在分析甜味剂与味觉受体结合、释放过程的应用;归纳了评价香气增甜作用大小的感官分析方法,并比较描述性感官分析法、时间强度法和感觉时间支配分析法3种感官分析方法的差异性;对香气增甜作用在食品工业中的应用现状进行了汇总;对香气增甜研究方向以及分析气味增强味觉作用机制的方法提出展望,以期为香气减糖的研究提供新思路。     

The sensory properties and metabolic impact of natural and synthetic sweeteners

The global rise in obesity, type II diabetes, and other metabolic disorders in recent years has been attributed in part to the overconsumption of added sugars. Sugar reduction strategies often rely on synthetic and naturally occurring sweetening compounds to achieve their goals, with popular synthetic sweeteners including saccharin, cyclamate, acesulfame potassium, aspartame, sucralose, neotame, alitame, and advantame. Natural sweeteners can be further partitioned into nutritive, including polyols, rare sugars, honey, maple syrup, and agave, and nonnutritive, which include steviol glycosides and rebaudiosides, luo han guo (monk fruit), and thaumatin. We choose the foods we consume largely on their sensory properties, an area in which these sugar substitutes often fall short. Here, we discuss the most popular synthetic and natural sweeteners, with the goal of providing an understanding of differences in the sensory profiles of these sweeteners versus sucrose, that they are designed to replace, essential for the effectiveness of sugar reduction strategies. In addition, we break down the influence of these sweeteners on metabolism, and present results from a large survey of consumers’ opinions on these sweeteners. Consumer interest in clean label foods has driven a move toward natural sweeteners; however, neither natural nor synthetic sweeteners are metabolically inert. Identifying sugar replacements that not only closely imitate the sensory profile of sucrose but also exert advantageous effects on body weight and metabolism is critical in successfully the ultimate goals of reducing added sugar in the average consumer's diet. With so many options for sucrose replacement available, consumer opinion and cost, which vary widely with suagr replacements, will also play a vital role in which sweeteners are successful in widespread adoption.     

白酒和调香剂中4 种人工合成甜味剂的UPLC-MS-MS 测定

目的：建立白酒及调香剂中人工合成的非营养性甜味剂--甜蜜素、糖精钠、安赛蜜、阿斯巴甜的超高效液相色谱- 串联质谱检测法(UPLC-MS-MS),并用于市售白酒和调香剂中4 种甜味剂的测定。方法：采用WatersACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 色谱柱(50mm × 2.1mm,1.7μm),以乙腈-0.01g/100mL 氨水为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速0.2mL/min,待测物经电喷雾离子源负离子化后,用三重四级杆串联质谱仪的多反应离子监测(MRM)方式进行定量分析。结果：4 种甜味剂质量浓度在10～1000μg/L 范围内均与峰面积呈良好线性关系(r ≥ 0.997),检出限为0.03～0.35μg/L,平均加标回收率在75.2%～115.3% 之间,相对标准偏差在8% 以内。市售白酒和调香剂中甜蜜素、糖精钠和阿斯巴甜的含量分别为0～287、0～67.2、0～104.8μg/L,样品中没有发现安赛蜜。结论：本方法快速简便、检出限低,适合于白酒和调香剂中微量甜味剂的同时检测。     

Influence of Package Visual Cues of Sweeteners on the Sensory‐Emotional Profiles of Their Products

Substantial evidence suggests influence of color, physical state, and other extrinsic features on consumer perception and acceptability of food products. In this study, 560 subjects evaluated liking and emotional responses associated with 5 sweeteners (sucralose, stevia, saccharin, aspartame, and sucrose) under 2 eliciting conditions: control (brand name only) and informed (brand name/packet image), to assess impact of the packet color. For a given condition, 5 identical tea samples each labeled with a sweetener type were rated for sweetness and overall liking (9‐point) and emotions (5‐point). Nonsignificant interactions between eliciting condition and sweetener type were found for liking attributes and emotions (except peaceful), indicating their independent effects. However, overall differences existed among sweetener types and eliciting conditions based on both hedonic and emotional responses (MANOVA, P < 0.05), suggesting modulating effects of packet color on sweetener type in the sensory‐emotion space. The sensory‐emotion profile for sucrose was separate from that of nonnutritive sweeteners, with statistically significant Mahalanobis distances among sample centroids. Increases in positive emotion intensities contrasted with a decrease in negative emotion intensities were observed for some sweeteners moving from the control to informed condition. Sweetness liking was strongly correlated with the emotion satisfied (sucralose, saccharin) only in the control condition, whereas it was strongly correlated with the emotions pleased and satisfied (stevia), disgusted (aspartame), and satisfied (sucrose) only in the informed condition. Overall, results suggested that sensory liking and emotions during the consumption experience are related not entirely to the type of sweetener, but also the color of the packet.     

甜味剂发展概况

甜味剂是目前广泛应用的食品添加剂,以其品种多样、用途广泛深受各食品生产厂家欢迎。概述常见甜味剂的种类及其应用情况,分析当前甜味剂尤其是高倍甜味剂的开发和应用所面临的主要问题,指出低热量营养型甜味剂和更高甜度的甜味剂是当前甜味剂的发展方向。     

Extrinsic Attributes That Influence Parents’ Purchase of Chocolate Milk for Their Children

The consumption of milk is essential for children's heath; and flavored milk, especially chocolate milk, is often purchased to increase children's milk consumption. However, the sugar content of chocolate milk has raised health concerns. As such, it is important to understand chocolate milk extrinsic attributes that influence parents’ purchase decisions when they are purchasing chocolate milk for their children. The objective of this study was to determine the key extrinsic attributes for parents when they purchase chocolate milk for their children. An online survey with a conjoint analysis design, emotions questions, and Kano questionnaire that focused on chocolate milk was conducted targeting parents. Three hundred and twelve parents participated in the survey. Parents reported positive emotions including good, good natured, happy, loving, and satisfied when purchasing chocolate milk for their kids. Three segments of parents were identified with subtle but distinct differences in their key preferences for chocolate milk attributes for their children. Type of sweetener was the primary driver of choice for purchasing chocolate milk for children followed by fat content. Among sweetener types, natural noncaloric/nonnutritive sweeteners or sucrose were preferred over artificial sweeteners, and reduced fat was preferred over full fat or skim milk. Kano results revealed that reduced fat and sugar with an all natural label and added vitamins, minerals, and protein were attractive to the majority of parents when purchasing chocolate milk for their kids.