一种肌电假手的自适应模糊控制方法

针对肌电假手的力控制问题,提出了一种基于肌电信号自适应学习的动作识别方法,同时结合模糊神经网络PID控制算法实现肌电信号对假手的控制.设计的肌电信号自适应学习动作识别方法在时域内进行,减小运算复杂度和计算量的同时保证了动作识别精度.采用模糊神经网络PID算法设计了假手握力控制器,在没有位置传感器的情况下保证了假手握力的控制精度.进行了肌电信号动作识别跟踪实验、假手握力跟踪实验、肌电信号控制假手抓取实验,实验结果证明了肌电信号自适应学习动作识别方法和模糊神经网络PID握力控制方法在肌电假手控制中的有效性.     

基于sEMG和GRNN的手部输出力估计

针对智能肌电假手力控制的需要,提出一种基于表面肌电信号(s EMG)和广义回归神经网络(GRNN)的手部输出力估计方法。首先在介绍实验平台的基础上详细描述了肌电信号的采集和特征提取方法以及广义回归神经网络的构建;然后,通过在手臂8个不同部位粘贴肌电传感器来检测手部动作过程中的肌电信号;同时为了全面测量人手在三维空间中的输出力,采用三维力传感器对手部的输出力进行测量;在同步获得手臂上的多通道肌电信号(X)和手部三维力推拉信号(F)后,对采集得到肌电信号进行了特征提取得到特征矩阵X_F;将X_F和F用于构建GRNN网络,并用均方差和残差绝对值均值对手部输出力的估计结果进行评估。为验证该方法的有效性,进行了实验验证,结果表明,该方法能够很好地利用sEMG对手部的输出力进行估计。     

多模式人手动作分类识别方法

为了满足手部运动功能康复器的主动康复训练对多种人手动作模式识别的需求,分析了表面肌电信号采样通道设置布局、训练样本制作、特征提取方式、模式分类器结构参数等因素对手部动作识别的影响,设计了针对前臂的表面肌电信号采集方案,分别基于时域统计量、自回归模型系数、小波包分解系数特征设计了BP神经网络分类器。实验结果表明：对6种单指动作、13种多指动作、20种手部动作的最佳平均识别率分别为98.5%、92.4%、90.9%,计算时间小于190 ms,验证了所提出方法的有效性和实用性。     

基于手掌拱形的TJU/KCL灵巧手参数优化设计

结合解剖学和生物力学中对人手的研究成果,完成了对变胞仿人灵巧手机构参数的优化设计。本文将人类手掌的掌弓和衡量掌弓的运动学横向拱形的概念应用于TJU/KCL灵巧手的运动分析上,以此为基础建立了变胞灵巧手与人手在抓取运动上的联系;建立TJU/KCL灵巧手的机构模型,以最大化与人手相似的抓取姿态为目标函数,采用遗传算法,实现了变胞灵巧手的参数优化。通过手掌的变胞运动,优化后的灵巧手能实现多个与人手相似的抓取姿态,突出了手掌的可变性和灵巧手的仿人性。     

仿人灵巧手的结构设计与单指的控制策略

基于机电一体化设计思想和最新的驱动技术,通过分析人体解剖学,针对人类手掌的外形结构、驱动形式以及运动规则,利用仿生学原理设计了一种仿人五指灵巧手。该灵巧手有5个手指,11个自由度,在外观和功能上接近人手;除拇指外其余四指采用模块化设计从而简化了灵巧手的机械结构设计过程,增强了互换性和可靠性。该灵巧手在结构上是人手的1.5倍,手指具有位置、力/力矩以及关节角度的感知功能。通过气动人工肌肉驱动,利用C8051F040单片机对灵巧手指进行控制,采用PID控制算法实现对手指各个关节的位置反馈控制。     

基于预抓取模式识别的假手肌电控制方法

为解决多自由度假手肌电控制难题,建立一种人手预抓取模式的在线识别方法,并将其应用至HIT-DLR假手的抓取控制。基于Teager-Kaiser能量算子增幅肌电信号在肌肉动作发起时的变化,引入后处理解决噪声影响,提出一种预抓取发起的在线检测方法。针对人手4种预抓取模式,讨论不同肌电信号分段方法,不同时域特征、频域特征和时频域特征以及多种分类方法所能获得的识别成功率。最终建立了基于波形长度及支持矢量机的最优识别方法,成功率可达95%,延迟小于300 ms。肌电控制试验表明,假手可以准确快速地抓取各种不同形状的物体。     

假肢手恒定力量输出的诱发肌电反馈控制研究

肌电假肢手的连续动态控制有益于提高假肢手的使用性能和用户对假肢手的交互控制能力,产生持续稳定的力量是假肢手需要完成的一种常见任务,但是疲劳、注意力分散等诸多因素都可能导致肌电信号发生变化从而影响假肢手稳定力量输出。本文提出了一种基于电刺激诱发肌电的假肢手稳定力量输出控制方法,通过电刺激尺神经诱发肌电信号对假肢手恒定力量输出进行持续控制。为验证方法可行性,招募了7名健康被试,首先测试了稳定抓握过程中注意力分散对屈肌肌电活动水平的影响,并确定电刺激强度与诱发肌电(M波)幅度的关系模型;在此基础上,测试了电刺激在注意力分散过程中是否能诱发出预期的肌电信号。结果表明注意力分散会引起肌电信号幅度下降,通过电刺激方法可以得到恒定的肌电输出;同时,通过调节刺激参数可以控制诱发肌电强度,可为肌电假肢手的稳定力量输出提供有效的控制信号。     

基于DFC的肌电控制假肢手实时控制算法

介绍了一种新型的连续控制算法在肌电控制假肢手上的应用.控制系统搭载了一块TMS320F2812DSP作为主控芯片,系统通过采集人体表面肌电信号来控制假肢手完成相应的动作.重点介绍硬件系统的设计及控制算法在该平台上的实现情况.在特征提取过程中应用了离散傅里叶变换和离散余弦变换(DFC).Fisher投影算法(FLD)用于...     

SHU-II五指仿人灵巧手的运动学及抓取分析

根据人手结构设计一种五指仿人灵巧手。该灵巧手共有5根手指,总计16个自由度。灵巧手的手指关节虚拟化,手指更加轻量。灵巧手采用欠驱动方式,并将驱动系统内置,整体结构集成度高,易于安装到不同的机械臂平台。在理论研究上,通过齐次变换矩阵得到灵巧手的运动学模型,进而得到五指的运动轨迹,并进而对灵巧手控制策略进行探讨,之后对灵巧手进行手势与抓取实验,实验表明灵巧手能完成夹、捏、握等10种动作。把灵巧手应用在不同的机械臂平台上,验证了灵巧手的抓取范围广及其在不同环境下的抓取能力。     

虚拟装配中基于生理约束的虚拟手建模与抓持规划

为控制虚拟手准确合理地完成虚拟零件的抓握动作,以方便快捷地实现虚拟装配仿真,在深入分析人手的解剖结构和关节运动生理约束的基础上,提出利用层次结构并借助三维虚拟现实软件EON,建立虚拟手几何模型和实现抓持控制的方法.该方法将手指简化为三关节连杆结构,采用逆向运动学方法,针对待拾取零件的位置计算出在目标位姿下各运动关节的角度值.进而利用关节插值方法,以迭代的方式实现对手部关节链上各个关节的运动控制,仿真结果验证了上述方法的可行性与实时性.     

Non-singular terminal dynamic surface control based integrated guidance and control design and simulation

In this paper, a novel cascade type design model is transformed from the simulation model, which has a broader scope of application, for integrated guidance and control (IGC). A novel non-singular terminal dynamic surface control based IGC method is proposed. It can guarantee the missile with multiple disturbances fast hits the target with high accuracy, while considering the terminal impact angular constraint commendably. And the stability of the closed-loop system is strictly proved. The essence of integrated guidance and control design philosophy is reached that establishing a direct relation between guidance and attitude equations by “intermediate states” and then designing an IGC law for the obtained integrated cascade design model. Finally, a series of simulations and comparisons with a 6-DOF nonlinear missile that includes all aerodynamic effects are demonstrated to illustrate the effectiveness and advantage of the proposed IGC method.     

Robust internal model control of servo motor based on sliding mode control approach

This paper proposes a robust internal model control (IMC) based on sliding mode control (SMC) approach for high-performance motion control of a servo motor subject to uncertainties and/or disturbances. The proposed control strategy considers not only the simplicity and intuition of the IMC-based controller for a prescribed tracking performance but also the effectiveness of the SMC scheme to guarantee the robustness of the servo system. Since the performance of the IMC-based controller can be analyzed via a SMC structure, a robust control law based on the SMC technique is introduced into the IMC scheme to decrease the sensitivity to uncertainties and enhance the resistance to disturbances. Moreover, the 2-degree-of-freedom IMC integrating the robust SMC scheme is developed to further improve the control performance. The stability is analyzed based on Lyapunov theory, and the theoretical results show that a prescribed transient tracking performance and a final tracking accuracy of the servo system can be guaranteed. Comparative simulations and experiments are investigated to verify the high performance nature of the proposed control strategy.     

Static-dynamic hybrid communication scheduling and control co-design for networked control systems

In this paper, the static-dynamic hybrid communication scheduling and control co-design is proposed for the networked control systems (NCSs) to solve the capacity limitation of the wireless communication network. The analytical most regular binary sequences (MRBSs) are used as the communication scheduling function for NCSs. When the communication conflicts yielded in the binary sequence MRBSs, a dynamic scheduling strategy is proposed to on-line reallocate the medium access status for each plant. Under such static-dynamic hybrid scheduling policy, plants in NCSs are described as the non-uniform sampled-control systems, whose controller have a group of controller gains and switch according to the sampling interval yielded by the binary sequence. A useful communication scheduling and control co-design framework is proposed for the NCSs to simultaneously decide the controller gains and the parameters used to generate the communication sequences MRBS. Numerical example and realistic example are respectively given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed co-design method.     

A new continuous sliding mode control approach with actuator saturation for control of 2-DOF helicopter system

The 2-degree of freedom (DOF) helicopter system is a typical higher-order, multi-variable, nonlinear and strong coupled control system. The helicopter dynamics also includes parametric uncertainties and is subject to unknown external disturbances. Such complicated system requires designing a sophisticated control algorithm that can handle these difficulties. This paper presents a new robust control algorithm which is a combination of two continuous control techniques, composite nonlinear feedback (CNF) and super-twisting control (STC) methods. In the existing integral sliding mode (ISM) based CNF control law, the discontinuous term exhibits chattering which is not desirable for many practical applications. As the continuity of well known STC reduces chattering in the system, the proposed strategy is beneficial over the current ISM based CNF control law which has a discontinuous term. Two controllers with integral sliding surface are designed to control the position of the pitch and the yaw angles of the 2- DOF helicopter. The adequacy of this specific combination has been exhibited through general analysis, simulation and experimental results of 2-DOF helicopter setup. The acquired results demonstrate the good execution of the proposed controller regarding stabilization, following reference input without overshoot against actuator saturation and robustness concerning to the limited matched disturbances.     

SRM的直接瞬时转矩控制及其改进型的仿真研究

针对开关磁阻电动机的转矩脉动较大的问题,对直接瞬时转矩控制方法进行了研究,并将其与PWM控制方法相结合,进一步介绍了一种改进型的控制方法。对两种控制方法的工作原理展开分析,重点介绍了转矩差值控制环节,它是依据转子角度位置的不同,将电动机的相绕组电感分为三个区间,并通过编程实现各个区间内电动机的控制。通过Matlab/Simulink软件分别搭建了四相8/6极开关磁阻电动机的直接瞬时转矩控制和改进型直接瞬时转矩控制的仿真模型,其中,瞬时反馈转矩是由相电流、转子位置和转矩三者之间的关系表查表得到。研究结果表明,两种方法都能够对转矩脉动起到抑制作用,但相比较而言,改进型直接瞬时转矩控制方法的抑制效果更加明显。     

带ESO的ANFTSMC控制PMSM的新型MPTC无传感器控制策略

针对电动汽车中永磁同步电机传统控制策略对电机控制性能差的问题,提出了一种新型的自适应非奇异快速终端滑模模型预测转矩控制策略.设计了新型自适应指数趋近率,用性质更佳的双曲正切函数tanh()替换传统的切换函数sgn(),并构造了带ESO扰动观测的新型ANFTSMC作为系统转速控制器,消弱了抖振,提高了系统鲁棒性.为实现调速系统的无传感器控制,构造了基于tanh(Fal)的ESO转速观测器.与传统基于Fal函数的ESO相比,观测误差较小,观测精度较高.同时,针对预测转矩控制策略,提出了新型的目标函数构造方法,避免了权重系数的设计,并对传统电压矢量选择方法进行了改进与优化,减少了算法的计算量,结合所设计的新型控制器可有效提高系统的快速性,增加算法的实用性.     

Tuning Proportional-Integral controllers to approximate simplified predictive control performance

An exact equivalence between PI (Proportional-Integral) and two-parameter SPC (Simplified Predictive Control) is developed to provide identical control of first order linear plants. A relationship between the PI control parameters and the SPC control parameters is described. This relationship that allows the same control in the case of first order linear plants is also found to provide tuning formulas that yield PI control which approximates SPC performance in the case of second order linear plants with widely separated Eigenvalues. Finally, an extension of the PI control algorithm to include future errors provides another exact PI–SPC equivalence for networked control of first order plants.     

基于预测函数控制和扰动观测器的永磁同步电机速度控制

设计了基于预测函数控制的速度控制器,以减小永磁同步电机的转矩波动,提高电机的转速控制精度。针对因外部扰动因素引起的控制器跟踪性能下降问题,设计了基于预测函数控制和扰动观测器的双环控制器;通过扰动观测器估计系统扰动,并据此产生转矩电流补偿量对控制量进行前馈修正,从而实现扰动的抑制。实验结果显示：当电机从静止跟踪到设定600 r/min转速时,系统没有超调,稳态精度为2 r/min;当电机以600 r/min稳速运行并加入1.6 N·m的转矩扰动时,转速最大波动为5 r/min。与传统的PI控制算法相比,所设计的控制器使转速波动减小了4.2% 。仿真分析和实验数据表明：基于预测函数控制和干扰观测器的控制器能够有效地抑制扰动,提高系统转速跟踪精度。     

Robust fault-tolerant control for networked control systems subject to random delays via static-output feedback

This paper focuses on the problem of fault-tolerant controller (FTC) design for uncertain networked control systems (NCSs) with random delays and actuator faults. A new fault model is proposed to represent more class of actuator faults. More precisely, the NCSs with random delays and the possible actuator faults are modeled as a Markovian jump system (MJS) with incomplete transition probabilities (TPs) and then LMI-based sufficient conditions are derived to ensure the stochastic stability of the closed-loop system. The sufficient conditions are constructed to synthesize the mode-dependent static-output feedback (SOF) control laws. Feasibility and reliability of the proposed FTC against actuator faults are indicated through simulation results.     

基于模型参考自适应控制的直线电机位置控制

针对直线电机的强非线性和时变特性,采用模型参考自适应控制(MRAC)方法对SISO直线电机闭环位置控制器进行了研究。利用偶极子对消建立了简化的永磁直线电机二阶数学模型,提出了基于局部参数最优化MIT(梯度)方案和全局稳定性理论的Lyapunov方案下的二阶直线电机位置模型参考自适应控制器,并对自适应控制器下的直线电机闭环系统稳定性进行了分析研究。在相同的前馈加反馈的控制器下,对这两种方案下的实验结果进行了对比分析。研究结果表明,基于Lyapunov第二方法设计的二阶控制器比MIT方法下的二阶控制器更能实现对三阶点到点轨迹输入信号的快速响应和跟踪,证实了直线电机位置自适应控制的有效性。