铁电体中相变临界尺寸的研究现状

从铁电薄膜和铁电颗粒两大方面回顾了处理尺寸效应的理论研究方法(包括宏观的热力学唯像理论、微观的横场Ising模型和第一性原理计算)和铁电相变临界尺寸的理论预测. 总结了从50年代以来实验中观测到的各种铁电材料的临界尺寸, 简单介绍了铁电纳米陶瓷的一些尺寸效应, 并叙述了近几年才开始报道的铁电纳米线中的铁电相变. 最后指出了目前研究现状中存在的一些问题.     

细晶Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3(BST)陶瓷材料的制备与介电性能

采用改进的Sol-gel工艺和传统烧结技术制备了晶粒尺寸在0.15～10μm的Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3(BST)陶瓷,观察了样品的显微结构,并对样品的介电性能进行了测试,分析了晶粒尺寸对材料介电性能的影响.实验结果表明:改进的Sol-gel工艺和两步烧结法可以有效地控制Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3(BST)陶瓷的晶粒尺寸.晶粒尺寸的降低,材料的介电常数也随之下降,介电峰呈现明显的铁电-顺电弥散相变;但当陶瓷的晶粒尺寸＜1 μm,介电常数出现峰值,铁电相变温区变窄.     

溶胶-凝胶法制备PbTiO3铁电玻璃陶瓷的高频晶粒尺寸效应

首次报道了用溶胶－凝胶法制备的钛酸铅铁电玻璃陶瓷的晶粒尺寸对其高频介电性能的影响。研究表明,铁电玻璃陶瓷的高频介电弛豫主要是由材料内部的畴壁共振引起的。晶粒尺寸增加,畴壁宽度增大,介电弛豫向低频移动;反之,晶粒尺寸减小,畴壁宽度变小,介电弛豫向高频移动,弛豫频率提高,介电损耗变小。     

聚合物基复合介电材料的研究进展

聚合物基复合介电材料是以有机聚合物为基体,将具有高介电常数或易极化的微纳米尺寸的无机颗粒或其它有机物作为填充物复合而成,综合了无机材料的高介电性能,同时还兼备聚合物的粘结性、韧性、易加工性,在信息和微电子工业等领域具有广泛应用.该领域的研究与应用的关键是材料合成路线的设计与性能的有机结合,聚合物基体与表面修饰无机颗粒界面的良好作用,使其具有优良的介电特性.将聚合物基复合介电材料的填料颗粒分为铁电陶瓷、氧化物、碳纳米管类、金属导电颗粒、全有机高分子等几种类型,并概述了各种类型的聚合物基复合介电材料的研究状况,着重分析了聚合物与无机颗粒界面的相互作用,展望了聚合物基复合介电材料未来的发展趋势.     

钛酸钡和钛酸铅的两个临界尺寸

随着尺寸的减小,铁电体将发生由多畴到单畴的变化以及铁电一顺电相变.发生多畴到单畴变化的尺寸称为单畴临界尺寸,发生铁电-顺电相变的尺寸称为铁电临界尺寸.本文报道了对铁电体尺寸效应研究的一些结果.对钛酸钡和钛酸铅,分别计算了这两个临界尺寸,计算结果与实验结果符合.     

铁电陶瓷/铁氧体复合材料的相结构与介电性能

研究了铁电陶瓷/铁氧体混合烧结体的相结构与介电性能。在900℃制备出铁电陶瓷/铁氧体复合材料,该复合材料是介电材料相与铁氧体材料相共存的复相陶瓷。铁电陶瓷/铁氧体复合材料的介电性能在低温区域主要是介电材料相起作用,而铁氧体材料主要在高温部分对复合材料的介电性能起作用。采用两相混合分布的介电常数计算公式拟合了复相陶瓷的介温曲线,并提出修正指数因子α和β,建立修正方程。      

驰豫型铁电体的宏观介电性能与极化机制研究

驰豫型铁电体是很重要的功能材料,其介电性能和极化机制一直是研究的热点。作者通过对掺钛铌镁酸铅系列铁电陶瓷介电、铁电、热电等宏观性能和微观结构详细、系统的实验研究,提出铁电微畴为三方相畸变结构散布于立方钙钛矿母相中,通过类马氏体预相变的位移型形核过程,实现顺电—驰豫型铁电态的弥散相变,进一步通过类马氏体相变,完成驰豫型铁电态无序态分布的微畴向正常铁电态长程序铁电宏畴转变;提出T_1可调整A(B′B″)O_3型复合钙钛矿铁电体B′和B″离子价态和离子半径等不同所产生的内电场和弹性场,使立方母相所承受切应力发生变化,诱发极性微区、铁电微畴随组成变化表现不同活性。对弛豫型铁电体介电谱分析与计算表明,其在介电常数峰值温度Tm附近的介电弛豫过程连续变化,不对应结构突变的相变过程,较接近偶极介质。通过铌锌酸铅基系列铁电陶瓷在准同型相界附近异常特性的研究,进一步揭示弛豫型铁电体中结构特征决定宏观行为的必要性,反映出铁电材料由微观到介观、再到宏观的有趣规律性。在此基础上,对复合钙钛矿弛豫型铁电体偏压介电行为、电致伸缩特性、介电老化行为等进行了系统研究,合理解释了一系列新的实验现象和结果;并对钨青铜结构铌酸锶钡弛豫型铁电陶瓷复介电响应进行了详细的对比分析和讨     

铁电薄膜及铁电存储器的研究进展

铁电薄膜是具有铁电性且厚度尺寸为数纳米到数微米的薄膜材料,因其在非挥发性铁电随机存储器方面的潜在应用而受到广泛关注.综述了新型无铅、无疲劳Bi4Ti3O12(BIT)基铁电薄膜材料的制备和改性及性能表征方法,阐述了铁电薄膜的3种失效机制及铁电薄膜存储器的研究现状,最后提出了铁电薄膜及存储器今后可能的研究方向.     

铁电薄膜研究的一些新动向

从Ｙ１铁电薄膜材料、外延铁电薄膜、介电超晶格、铁电薄膜的制备工艺及原位检测几个方面介绍了铁电薄膜研究的一些新动向。     

铁电隧道结的研究进展

铁电隧道结是一种具有量子隧穿效应和电致电阻效应的新型隧道结.从铁电隧道结的基本理论出发,针对势垒层和电极材料选取的角度详细介绍了铁电隧道结的研究成果,揭示了材料选取对隧道结中铁电性保持的重要影响,含铅的钙钛矿型氧化物作为铁电势垒层是目前研究的重点.铁电隧道结的研究正向着无铅材料及多铁隧道结方向发展.最后讨论了铁电隧道作为存储器单元应用的可能性与优点.     

无机、有机及其复合电介质的纳米尺寸效应及研究进展

当电介质内的不均匀区域达到纳米级时,纳米尺度效应对介电性能的影响便不容忽视。分别以PMN-PT弛豫铁电单晶、ZnO压敏陶瓷、纳米SiO2/环氧树脂复合材料为例,通过实验证明了在无机铁电单晶、半导体陶瓷以及无机纳米/有机复合材料中存在的介电性能的纳米尺寸效应。     

铁电陶瓷/铁氧体叠层共烧体的介电特性

采用电介质物理学等效电路分析方法研究了Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3基铁电陶瓷与NiZnCu铁氧体叠层共烧体的介电频率响应,探讨了共烧体界面对介电性能的影响.结果表明,叠层共烧体的介电常数随频率的增加而减小,介电损耗随着频率的增加先增大后减小,有明显的损耗峰出现;界面扩散层对叠层共烧体电学响应有影响,叠层共烧体等效电路可视为介电材料层、铁氧体材料层和界面扩散层C re-R re等效电路的串联,并且界面扩散层会对叠层共烧体低频部分的介电响应起作用.     

Dielectric Relaxation in Bi_2BaNb_2O_9 Ceramic

A very strong dielectric relaxation was observed in Bi_2BaNb_2O_9 ceramic.The temperature differencebetween the maximum dielectric constant temperatures T_m measured at 1 kHz and 100 kHz is 65℃.which is about 2-4 times that of relaxor ferroelectrics.The possible mechanism of the anomalousdielectric relaxation was discussed.     

Polarization dynamics and non-equilibrium switching processes in ferroelectrics

Time- and temperature-dependent effects are critical for the operation of non-volatile memories based on ferroelectrics. In this paper, we assume a domain nucleation process of the polarization reversal and we discuss the polarization dynamics in the framework of a non-equilibrium statistical model. This approach yields analytical expressions which can be used to explain a wide range of time- and temperature-dependent effects in ferroelectrics. Domain wall velocity derived in this work is consistent with a domain wall creep behavior in ferroelectrics. In the limiting case of para-electric equilibrium, the model yields the well-known Curie law. We also present experimental P-E loops data obtained for soft ferroelectrics at various temperatures. The experimental coercive fields at various temperatures are well predicted by the coercive field formula derived in our theory.     

PZN基复相陶瓷介电性能和电致伸缩性能的研究

以不同居里温度的PZN基驰豫铁电陶瓷为原始高、低温组元,采用二次合成法制备出PZN基复相陶瓷,研究了PZN基复相陶瓷的介电性能和电致伸缩性能。结果表明：复相陶瓷温度稳定性好,弥散相变度大,在具有较大的电致应变的同时具有较小的滞后,表现出优异的介温特性和电致伸缩性能。     

Diisopropylammonium chloride: a ferroelectric organic salt with a high phase transition temperature and practical utilization level of spontaneous polarization

A simple organic salt, diisopropylammonium chloride, shows the highest ferroelectric phase transition temperature among molecule-based ferroelectrics with a large spontaneous polarization, making it a candidate for practical technological applications.     

应用于MEMS的PZT铁电薄膜

薄膜制备工艺的发展使铁电薄膜很好的应用于MEMS, 使两者集成成为可能. 本文将详细论述铁电薄膜的优良性能, 及其与MEMS集成的关键工艺--图形化. 最后, 举例论述了PZT铁电薄膜在MEMS中的应用.     

Fabrication of epitaxial nanostructured ferroelectrics and investigation of their domain structures

Nanostructured ferroelectrics are important objects for studies on ferroelectric size effects as well as for applications to memory devices with ultra-high memory density. In the present article, we introduce several approaches for the synthesis of confined ferroelectrics with sizes in and below the hundreds of nanometer range, including top-down processes like e-beam lithography, self-assembly methods like chemical solution deposition, and growth by pulsed laser deposition using stencil masks. Furthermore, the ferroelectric domain structure of part of these nanostructures is investigated by means of synchrotron X-ray diffraction, and its contribution to the ferroelectric properties is discussed.     

Energy functions and basic equations for ferroelectrics

Energy functions (or characteristic functions) and basic equations for ferroelectrics in use today are given by those for ordinary dielectrics in the physical and mechanical communications. Based on these basic equations and energy functions, the finite element computation of the nonlinear behavior of the ferroelectrics has been carried out by several research groups. However, it is difficult to process the finite element computation further after domain switching, and the computation results are remarkably deviating from the experimental results. For the crack problem, the iterative solution of the finite element calculation could not converge and the solutions for fields near the crack tip oscillate. In order to finish the calculation smoothly, the finite element formulation should be modified to neglect the equivalent nodal load produced by spontaneous polarization gradient. Meanwhile, certain energy functions for ferroelectrics in use today are not compatible with the constitutive equations of ferroelectrics and need to be modified. This paper proposes a set of new formulae of the energy functions for ferroelectrics. With regard to the new formulae of the energy functions, the new basic equations for ferroelectrics are derived and can reasonably explain the question in the current finite element analysis for ferroelectrics.