基团加和法估算含能热塑性聚氨酯弹性体的生成焓

采用基团加和法估算了以聚叠氮缩水甘油醚(GAP)、聚硝酸酯缩水甘油醚(PGN)、聚2,2-双叠氮甲基氧杂环丁烷(PBAMO)、聚2-甲基-2-硝酸酯基氧杂环丁烷(PNIMMO)、2,2-双叠氮甲基氧杂环丁烷(BAMO)2-叠氮甲基2-甲基氧杂环丁烷(AMMO)共聚物(PBAMO/AMMO)等为软段,以二苯基甲烷二异氰酸酯、甲苯二异氰酸酯、异氟尔酮二异氰酸酯等为硬段,1,4-丁二醇为扩链剂的含能热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(ETPE)的生成焓.结果表明,随着硬段含量的增加,ETPE的生成焓降低,当硬段为MDI时,所制备的ETPE的生成焓高于其他硬段聚合物,叠氮化合物为软段的ETPE生成焓高于硝酸酯类化合物的.故通过对ETPE的能量预估和结构推断可以为设计具有高能量水平的ETPE提供依据.     

HQEE扩链聚氨酯弹性体的形态结构及动态流变行为

针对推进剂粘合剂的需要,采用熔融预聚二步法合成了以环氧乙烷/四氢呋喃无规共聚醚(PET)为软段、间苯二亚甲基二异氰酸酯(XDI)和对苯二酚-双(β-羟乙基)醚(HQEE)为硬段的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(TPU),采用动态流变行为分析,红外光谱(FTIR),广角X射线分析(WAXD),动态热机械分析(DMA),凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)和硝化甘油吸收等分析技术对TPU的结构、性能和动态流变行为进行研究。结果表明,TPU的储能模量、损耗模量、复数黏度随硬段含量增加而增大,硬段含量为45%的TPU具有最佳的复数黏度,具有典型的微相分离特征和聚醚聚氨酯的结构特征,具有较低的软段玻璃化转变温度和较高的相对分子质量,以及与硝酸酯良好的相容性,并且所有硬段含量的TPU均无明显的结晶形态。     

DEGDN混合硝酸酯发射药的化学安定性

采用120℃甲基紫和106．5℃维也里法研究了硝酸酯含量、二号中定剂含量对硝化二乙二醇混合硝酸酯发射药的化学安定性的影响。结果表明,随着硝酸酯含量的增加,硝化二乙二醇混合硝酸酯发射药的维也里重复10次法和至1小时法的变色时间缩短,甲紫基变色时间也变短;随着二号中定剂含量的增加,硝化二乙二醇混合硝酸酯发射药的维也里和甲基紫变色时间增长。热加速老化试验预估维也里和甲基紫安定性时间偏短的硝化二乙二醇混合硝酸酯发射药的安全贮存寿命为40年,满足了火炸药安全贮存寿命的要求。     

3-硝酸酯甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷与四氢呋喃共聚醚的合成与表征

以1,4-丁二醇(BDO)为引发剂,三氟化硼.乙醚(BF3.Et2O)为催化剂,使3-硝酸酯甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷(NMMO)与四氢呋喃进行本体法阳离子开环聚合,得到端羟聚3-硝酸酯甲基-3-甲基氧杂环丁烷与四氢呋喃的共聚醚(PNT)。考察了分子量的可控性,并通过红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和碳谱对共聚醚结构进行了表征。差示扫描量热法(DSC)测得PNT的玻璃化转变温度为-55.3℃,分解峰温为214.1℃。     

1-甲基-3,4,5-三硝基吡唑的一步法合成及热性能

以1-甲基吡唑为原料、硝酸与发烟硫酸为硝化剂,一步硝化得到了不敏感单质炸药1-甲基-3,4,5-三硝基吡唑(MTNP),采用熔点、红外光谱、核磁共振、元素分析及质谱对其进行了结构表征,优化了反应条件。结果表明,反应温度90℃、反应时间6h、摩尔比n(硝酸)∶n(发烟硫酸)=1∶8为最优反应条件,此时目标物MTNP收率为15.2%。采用差示扫描量热法(DSC)分析了热性能,分解温度为272.0℃,其热稳定性良好。     

三种低熔点二异噁唑含能化合物的合成与表征

为研究二异噁唑含能化合物的合成及性能,以二氯乙二肟、炔醇和炔溴为原料,经过[3+2]环化反应、硝化和叠氮化反应合成得到三种低熔点含能化合物:5,5′-二叠氮甲基-3,3′-二异噁唑(2)、3,3′-二异噁唑-5,5′-二亚甲基硝酸酯(4)和3,3′-二异噁唑-4,4′,5,5′-四亚甲基硝酸酯(6),总收率分别为66%,67%和64%。利用红外、核磁和元素分析对目标化合物和中间体进行了结构表征;探讨了—C+=N—O-和C≡C经1,3-偶极环加成反应构建二异噁唑的反应机理。利用DSC和TG研究了化合物(2)、(4)和(6)的热行为。化合物(2)、(4)和(6)的熔点分别为77.46,95.18℃和124.36℃,热分解起始温度分别为179.21,165.34℃和168.69℃。     

两种3,6-二硝基环己烷硝酸酯类含能化合物的合成、单晶及热性能

以乙二醛(40%)和硝基甲烷为起始原料,通过缩合成环、硝化两步反应生成了两种硝酸酯类含能化合物1,4-二羟基-2,5-二硝酸酯-3,6-二硝基环己烷(2)和1,2,4,5-四硝酸酯-3,6-二硝基环己烷(3),总收率分别为7.79%和7.52%,采用红外光谱、核磁共振光谱及元素分析等表征了其结构。培养了化合物2的单晶,对其结构进行了测定,发现化合物2的单晶属于单斜晶体,晶体空间群为P2(1)/n;采用TG-DTG和DSC研究了化合物2和3的热性能,其热分解温度分别为241.1℃和192.0℃;采用密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法对化合物2和3的爆速和爆压进行了预估,分别为9079 m·s-1和37.75 GPa,9616 m·s-1和43.26 GPa。     

NEPE推进剂贮存老化性能研究

为考察硝酸酯增塑聚醚(NEPE)推进剂的热老化特性,研究了其在60,70,80℃下的热失重百分数、硬度、凝胶百分数、相对交联密度以及增塑剂BTTN和NG含量的变化。结果表明:由于NEPE推进剂中增塑剂的挥发和分解,其热失重百分数、硬度随老化时间的延长而增加,因粘合剂降解断裂,其凝胶百分数和相对交联密度随老化时间的延长而降低;增塑剂BTTN和NG含量随老化时间的延长而降低,且BTTN和NG含量的损失符合一级反应规律。NEPE推进剂的热老化机理主要是增塑剂硝酸酯的分解和挥发,粘合剂的降解断链。     

HPLC检测NG/BTTN混合硝酸酯生产洗涤废水的成分及含量

为了确定硝化甘油/1，2，4-丁三醇三硝酸酯（NG/BTTN）混合硝酸酯生产洗涤废水成分和含量，开展了高效液相色谱（HPLC）梯度洗脱法检测洗涤废水的工作，确定色谱条件如下：固定相为C18（250 mm×4.6 mm，5 μm）色谱柱，流动相为乙腈/水溶液，检测波长为200 nm。结果表明，在洗涤废水中检出6种有机物，通过化合物的保留时间及其与分配系数LogD的线性关系拟合（7天内取样27次），确定了NG/BTTN混合硝酸酯生产洗涤废水中除了NG和BTTN，尚存在1，2-丙三醇二硝酸酯（30.58%~41.20%）、1，3-丙三醇二硝酸酯（110.69%~135.14%）、1，2，4-丁三醇-1，2-二硝酸酯（7.90%~10.63%）和1，2，4-丁三醇-1，4-二硝酸酯（22.55%~27.95%）四种未完全硝化产物，标准偏差均低于10%，并于10 d内取样40次，证明了该方法准确可靠、适用性好，满足工业生产的检测需求。     

3-硝酸酯甲基-3-乙基氧丁环及其均聚物的合成与性能

以三羟甲基丙烷和碳酸二乙酯为原料经环化、硝化两步反应合成了化合物3-硝酸酯甲基-3-乙基氧丁环(NIMEO);采用1,4-丁二醇(BDO)为引发剂,三氟化硼.乙醚(BF3.Et2O)为催化剂,NIMEO发生阳离子开环聚合得到一种端羟硝酸酯均聚醚PNIMEO。讨论了催化剂/引发剂的摩尔比、反应温度对聚合反应的影响。性能研究表明:PNIMEO的玻璃化转变温度为-25℃,分解温度为218℃,分解焓为 1212J.g-1,爆炸概率为0,特性落高为109.6cm。     

Nitrosation and Nitration of Tetraacetyldibenzylhexaazaisowurtzitane

Tetraacetyldibenzylhitane (TADBIW) was subjected to debenzylation by nitrosating with inorganic materials available commercially to synthesize tetraacetyldinitrosohexaazaisowurtzitane (TADNSIW). TADNSIW was purified, and its structure was determined by FTIR, 1H NMR, MS and element analysis. The debenzylation reaction of TADBIW gave quantitative benzaldehyde as a by-product. This indicates that the reaction produces an imine cation as an intermediate. Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (HNIW) was prepared from unpurified TADNSIW with the yield over 96.0 % and the purity more than 98.0 %. And the mechanism of the reaction from TADNSIW to HNIW is proposed to be oxidation of nitroso and nitration of acetyl on the molecule of TADNSIW, This reaction system involved is simple, and the reaction can complete within a short time and under mild conditions. The product can be easily to separate and the waste disposed readily.     

Method for Measuring Velocity of Warhead Fragments Based on Photoelectric Detection

For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead, a non-contact measuring method is proposed, in which a six-light-screen array, a position indicator, a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described. The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters. When the fragment flies through the light screen array, the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph. According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array, the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately. The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction. It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.     

A Robust Algorithm for Watermarking 2D Vector Maps with Low Shape-Distortions

The technique of watermarking has been introduced into 2D vector maps for many potential applications such as protecting the copyright of important GIS （geographical information system） data and tracing the data source of military maps. In most previous works, although the validity of the map data could be preserved during the embedding procedure, the shape-distortions of the map elements are usually neglected which would tend to degrade the invisibility of the watermarking schemes. A shape-preserving algorithm for watermarking 2D vector maps is presented in this paper. A 1D distance sequence extracted from the original map is adopted as the cover data instead of 2D coordinates. A watermark bit is represented by changing the distributions of the cover data. The embedding procedure induces lower shape-distortions than in former works. Experimental results indicate better invisibility of the proposed scheme, as well as its robustness to certain attacks such as map simplification, interpolation, additive noise and most geometric transforms.     

数码电子雷管中影响点火头性能因素分析

阐述了数码电子雷管中,点火药剂细结晶三硝基间苯二酚铅（LTNR）的制备工艺;从点火药剂的种类、加入黏合剂的质量分数、桥丝直径、点火头的电阻值、防潮漆的蘸涂等方面对点火头性能的影响因素进行了探讨;通过震动试验、并联起爆试验、延期精度检测与考核,试验结果表明：一次性合成的细结晶LTNR是制造数码电子雷管点火头较为理想的点火药剂,按技术要求生产的点火头性能指标能够满足行业标准要求。     

Stability of the Third Generation Intensifier under Illumination

The stability under illumination of transmission-mode GaAs photocathode sealed in the third generation intensifier is investigated by use of spectral response testing instruments. The variations of spectral response with the illumination times under weak and intense illumination are compared. The variations of photoemission performance parameters are also characterized. The results show that during initial several weak illuminations photocathode behaves no evident decay and a maximum sensitivity is achieved, while under intense illumination the sensitivity of photocathode begin to decrease largely at the first illumination. The calculated performance parameters show that the variation of surface escape probability with illumination times is a direct cause of instability of photocathode. It is also found that under intense illumination peak wavelength is moved towards short-wave and peak response is decreased, which shows that the ability of long-wave response of photocathode is decreased.     

Open Rule-setting System Applied to Conceptual Design of Engines

Open rule-setting method advanced in this paper concentrates on providing designers of engines with a convenient way to express their design innovations and develop the expected prototypes in the early CAD stage, and constitute effective models for the following analysis process of CAE and CAPP. The problems arisen in the process of conceptual design with the traditional experience-based development method are analyzed. Based on those analyses, open rule-setting method is presented and some associated technical problems are discussed. The functional framework of open rule-setting system was built as software engineering methods. The speciality of the engine product as a kind of complex product and the requirement of the engine product based on its structural particularity to rule-setting system are considered carefully. A demonstration is supplied to illustrate how the open rule-setting method enhances the efficiency and quality of the engine conceptual design.     

Design and Implementation of One Missile Visual Simulation System Based on OpenGL

The implementation of a missile＇s visual simulation system is explained that is developed with OpenGL（open graphic library） and the flight path and flight carriage in different stages of the missile are displayed. The establishment problems of the 3D scene are circumstantiated including the construction and redeployment of the model, creation of the virtual scene, setting of the multi-viewports and multi-windows etc. The missile＇s data driver, system flow, the modules and their mutual relations of the missile visual simulation system are discussed. The missile flight simulation results and effect of the scenes are given.     

Research on Linux Network Device Driver

By analyzing the working principle of Linux network device driver, discussing the Linux network driver structure and its key technologies, the general network driver structure and its design methodologies in Linux system are summarized. Through modifying the network device driver of Linux device driver 3rd version snull, c and improving the COW technology, the Zero-Copy technology in Linux （kernel version 2.6.11 ） is implemented. In the end, the success test tells us that the thorough analysis of network device driver is the foundation of many applications, and it also provides a certain improvement to a lot of real applications, even to military application development.     

Improvement and Experiment of the Reamer in Vibra Cutter Against Wave Edge of Titanium Sheet Alloy Parts

By analyzing the influencing factors of part quality making of sheet alloy of titanium by vibra cutter, the shape of upper reamer is set as cylinder and wedge-shaped form, and the lower reamer as plain and hemicycle form, and its main structural parameters are defined as well. Then it is validated further that such improved vibra cutter reamer can be used to process curve-edged parts of titanium alloy sheet. The experimental result shows that the titanium alloy sheet parts processed by above equipment have no sharpen angles for convex parts and evident crevasse of concave-edged part. In summary, such improvement can eliminate the free-waved edge and improve the manufacture quality of titanium alloy sheet parts greatly.     

Dynamic Encryption Technology in Ad-hoc Networks

A new dynamic encryption application in ad-hoc networks is proposed. The advantages of this method are its being able to use the previous ciphertext as a seed of a new encryption process, rendering the encryption process effective in all communication process by continuous dynamic key generation together with synchronization, and its capability to cut back on system bandages to a greater extent, which is valuable for the ad-hoc circumstance. In addition, the rationality and effectiveness of this novel encryption method have been verified by the test results.