掺铝氧化锌透明导电膜的研究进展

掺铝氧化锌(AZO)透明导电薄膜作为一种性能优异的多功能材料引起了研究人员的普遍关注,被认为是当前极具发展潜力的传统铟锡氧化物(ITO)薄膜的替代者.综述了AZO薄膜的不同制备工艺,并叙述了衬底温度、Al掺杂量、氧分压、退火条件、同质缓冲层5个因素对薄膜的结构以及光电性能的影响.针对AZO透明导电薄膜的研究现状,提出了今后的研究方向:理论与经验相结合,优化工艺设备,在提高薄膜透光率的同时进一步降低其表面电阻和制造成本,并不断开拓AZO薄膜新的应用领域.     

退火氧分压对AZO薄膜的透光和导电性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

在室温下采用射频磁控溅射粉末靶在玻璃基底上制备掺铝氧化锌(AZO)薄膜,采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、紫外可见分光光度计和霍尔效应仪等手段表征和分析了薄膜的微观结构和光电性能,研究了退火氧分压对薄膜光电性能的影响。结果表明:退火后的AZO薄膜仍具有c轴择优取向的六方纤锌矿结构,薄膜的表面致密光滑;随着退火氧分压的降低AZO薄膜光学带隙变窄、透光率有所降低,但是其值均高于80%;随着退火氧分压的降低载流子浓度显著升高,电导特性明显改善,电阻率最低达到2.1×10^(-3)Ω·cm。     

真空热处理对AZO膜结构及光电性能的影响

采用直流磁控溅射法分别在预热的和室温下的玻璃衬底上制备了AZO薄膜,并对室温下制备的AZO薄膜进行了真空退火。使用X射线衍射仪、四探针测试仪、紫外-可见分光光度计和霍尔测试仪对这两种工艺条件下制备的AZO薄膜进行了表征,比较研究了两种热处理方式——衬底预热和真空退火对所制备的AZO薄膜结构和光电性质的影响。结果表明,衬底预热条件下制备的AZO薄膜有效抑制了(101)多晶相的形成;室温条件下制备的AZO薄膜有较多的(101)多晶相形成,经过真空退火热处理后,仍未能有效消除(101)多晶相。衬底预热制备出了厚度为380nm、方阻为20Ω/的AZO薄膜,400～1200nm波段的平均透射率达到81.45%。真空退火后的AZO薄膜厚度为403nm、方阻为33Ω/,400～1200nm波段的平均透射率达到81.9%。     

高导电高透明性ZnO：Al透明导电膜的制备工艺研究

本文采用溶庭-凝胶法,利用浸渍下降涂膜装置及氮气退火工艺成功制备出高透光率、高导电的掺铝氧化锌（ZnO：Al,AZO）透明导电膜,并对薄膜性能进行了表征。结果表明：氮气退火处理对AZO薄膜结构及光电性能有较大影响,退火处理后的薄膜c轴择优取向明显,晶粒尺寸变大,结晶程度变好,电阻率较空气中退火下降4～5个数量级,最低方块电阻为24Ω／□,平均透光率达80％以上。     

AZO透明导电薄膜光电性能的研究进展

掺铝氧化锌(AZO)薄膜其原料来源广、经济无毒,且具有优越的光电性能,可以与传统铟锡氧化物(ITO)薄膜相媲美,是优良的透明导电材料。目前,关于各制备工艺参数对AZO薄膜的影响规律及其影响机理仍是研究热点。综述了透明导电AZO薄膜光学与电学性能的研究进展,讨论了各制备工艺条件对薄膜性能的影响,分析了AZO/metal/AZO多层膜的研究现状,并对AZO薄膜的研究方向给予了展望。     

Al掺杂ZnO薄膜的射频磁控溅射工艺与光电性能研究

用射频磁控溅射法制备Al掺杂ZnO(ZAO)薄膜,研究溅射与真空退火工艺对ZAO薄膜的显微结构及光电性能的影响.采用X射线衍射(XRD)对ZAO薄膜的显微结构进行了测试分析,用四探针测试仪、紫外-可见分光光度计对ZAO薄膜的光电性能进行了测试分析.结果表明:随溅射时间的增加,样品由非晶态向晶态转变,同时也出现(002)择优取向强弱的变化.退火提高了溅射时间较长的薄膜的结晶质量.溅射时间的增加使溅射态ZAO薄膜的光学带隙变窄,但退火处理则使光学禁带宽度增大.溅射时间的增加以及退火处理均使薄膜的透光率稍有下降,但所有ZAO薄膜的透光率均在90%.以上.薄膜的电阻率随溅射时间的增加先降低.后稍有回升.退火使薄膜的电阻率显著降低,当溅射时间为60min时退火后薄膜的电阻率达到最低值,为9.4 ×10-4Ω·cm,其方块电阻低至18.80Ωl/□.     

ITO薄膜的制备以及性能的研究

在室温条件下通过直流磁控溅射法在普通玻璃基体上制备了光电性能优良的ITO薄膜。靶材为ITO陶瓷靶,其中In2O3与SnO2的质量比为9∶1。运用UV-2550紫外可见光光度计测量样品的透光率,采用SZT-2四探针测试仪测量样品表面的电阻率,用扫描电镜(SEM)对样品进行表征。研究了溅射压强、溅射功率等参数对薄膜光电性能的影响。研究表明,ITO薄膜的电阻率随着溅射功率的增大而减小,在溅射功率为110W时ITO薄膜的透光率有相对好的数值。溅射压强为1.0Pa时既能保持ITO薄膜低的电阻率又能保证高的透光率。     

掺铝氧化锌(AZO)薄膜的应用及研究评述

掺铝氧化锌(AZO)薄膜具有较高的透过率,较小的电阻率等优良的光电性能,使其在太阳能电池电极及各种显示器中具有广阔的应用前景。本文概述了AZO薄膜的结构、光电性能的表征方法,重点介绍了单层AZO膜以及AZO基多层复合薄膜的设计理论基础、影响薄膜性能的因素以及研究现状,除此之外,还对AZO薄膜的应用情况进行了概述,并对AZO薄膜发展前景进行了展望。     

AZO透明导电薄膜的制备技术及应用进展

概述了国内外AZO透明导电薄膜的多种制备技术和开发应用进展。详细介绍了磁控溅射、溶胶-凝胶、脉冲激光沉积、真空蒸镀、化学气相沉积等工艺在AZO薄膜制备中的研究现状,并且在对AZO膜与ITO膜性能比较的基础上,指出AZO薄膜的产业化前景好。     

功率和退火对磁控溅射生长ZnO∶Ga薄膜的影响

采用射频磁控溅射法在玻璃衬底上制备了ZnO∶Ga透明导电薄膜(GZO)。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、四探针电导率测试、紫外可见分光光度等表征方法研究了溅射功率对薄膜结晶特性及光电性能的影响。结果表明:当溅射功率180W时制备的GZO薄膜光电性能最优,方块电阻为9.8Ω/sq,电阻率为8.6×10-4Ω·cm,霍尔迁移率为12.5cm2/V·s,载流子浓度为5.8×1020cm-3,可见光透过率超过92%。另外,研究了最优制备条件下的GZO薄膜的高温稳定性,在氩气、氧气和真空气氛下分别对薄膜进行退火处理。结果表明,氩气退火的薄膜电学性能显著提高,是显著改善GZO薄膜性能的有效方法之一;氧气退火不利于薄膜的导电性;真空退火介于两者之间。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.