异质钛合金线性摩擦焊接头界面行为分析

在线性摩擦焊机上进行了TC4/TC17异质钛合金线性摩擦焊实验研究.焊后利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜以及透射电镜等对焊接接头界面微观组织进行了分析.结果表明,线性摩擦焊接头界面结合良好,通过对接头焊缝界面及热机械影响区组织特点的分析发现,在摩擦焊接过程中焊缝区在热力耦合作用下界面温度超过β相变温度,在焊后冷却过程中发生相变...     

焊后热处理对高氧TC4/TC17钛合金线性摩擦焊接头组织及性能的影响

对高氧TC4/TC17钛合金线性摩擦焊接头进行热处理,研究了不同热处理温度对异质钛合金线性摩擦焊接头显微组织及力学性能的影响.结果表明:异质钛合金线性摩擦焊接头焊缝区在TC17侧形成亚稳定β相,在高氧TC4侧形成针状马氏体相.经过热处理后,板条状α相在晶界处析出,针状α相在晶粒内部析出,并且残余α相在保温过程中发生分解,随着热处理温度的升高,析出相逐渐长大.接头焊缝及热力影响区显微硬度在热处理后显著增加.裂纹尖端张开位移(Crack tip opening displacement,CTOD)试验结果表明:接头断裂韧性薄弱区域在焊缝区及TC17侧热力影响区,热处理温度的升高可以明显提高接头薄弱区域的断裂韧性.     

振幅对线性摩擦焊接头组织及界面原子浓度分布的影响

通过改变振幅对TC11/TC17异质钛合金进行了线性摩擦焊及测温实验.焊后利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜及电子探针分析仪等对飞边、焊接接头微观组织及焊缝界面近域原子浓度进行了分析.结果表明,振幅越大,界面获得的焊接热输入越大,形成的飞边越大.线性摩擦焊接过程中焊缝组织温度超过1100℃,超过β相变温度.飞边组织发生明显的再结...     

TA19/TB2异质钛合金线性摩擦焊试验研究

目的 探究TA+TB钛合金组合的线性摩擦焊（LFW）接头组织及力学性能特点。方法 进行了TA19/TB2异质接头LFW焊接试验。利用光学显微镜及扫描电镜观察分析了接头微观组织特征,利用拉伸试验机及显微硬度计测试分析了接头力学性能。结果 TA19侧焊缝区为动态再结晶形成的等轴细晶组织,晶内析出了针状α''及细小片层α,热力影响区晶粒发生了不同程度的变形,在近焊缝较宽范围内形成水平流线形貌;接头中部界面TA19侧形成了直径约为2~3 μm的细小等轴晶;TB2侧焊缝区由动态再结晶形成的等轴晶及部分变形晶粒组成,热力影响区晶粒变形程度较低未形成流线形貌。接头界面两侧组织特征具有不同程度的强化效果,TA19侧从母材区到界面显微硬度值逐渐增大,TB2侧焊缝及热力影响区显微硬度值略高于母材;接头拉伸强度与TB2母材相当。结论 说明TA19与TB2钛合金可通过LFW获得可靠连接。     

热处理温度对TC17(α+β)/TC17(β)钛合金线性摩擦焊接头组织及力学性能的影响

对TC17(α+β)/TC17(β)钛合金线性摩擦焊接头进行热处理实验,采用光学显微镜(OM),扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和显微硬度仪等检测手段,研究不同热处理温度对焊接接头微观组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明:焊态下,接头焊缝区发生再结晶,界面处为亚稳定β相组织,显微硬度低于母材,接头高周疲劳强度为345 MPa。TC17(α+β)侧热力影响区因焊接速率过快,残留了大量的初生α相。经过焊后热处理,亚稳定β相分解,焊缝析出弥散的(α+β)相。随着热处理温度的升高,细小的次生α相长大,部分发生球化。热处理后,因亚稳定β相分解,焊缝及热力影响区的显微硬度大幅度升高,接头疲劳强度平均提高65 MPa;随着热处理温度的升高,接头热力影响区的断裂韧度增加。     

TC11钛合金线性摩擦焊界面微观组织演变

为了探明TC11钛合金线性摩擦焊过程中界面金属微观组织演变规律,采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜来研究飞边与接头的微观组织。结果表明,线性摩擦焊界面演变过程可依次分为摩擦磨损、黏着剪切、界面金属形成金属键连接并发生大变形、动态再结晶四个阶段。当摩擦时间足够长时,整个摩擦界面温度趋于均匀,在界面上将形成一层厚度均匀的塑性金属层,α相完全转变为β相,并且初生β相晶粒将发生动态再结晶过程。随着摩擦时间的延长,界面温度升高,初生β相动态再结晶晶粒尺寸增大。     

热处理制度对TC17钛合金线性摩擦焊接头组织及力学性能的影响

本工作针对航空发动机整体叶盘常用材料TC17钛合金进行线性摩擦焊试验研究,主要通过OM、SEM、显微硬度和常温拉伸试验方法对不同热处理状态下接头组织的形貌和力学性能进行分析.研究发现,由于焊接过程中复杂的热力耦合作用,接头组织形成了典型的焊缝区、热机影响区和热影响区,且焊接接头性能显著降低;而经过焊后热处理,由于亚稳定β相和亚稳定α相分解,析出弥散分布的针状α相使接头性能大幅提高,常温拉伸都断于母材处;并且弥散分布的针状α相的强化效果与热处理温度密切相关,通过合理热处理制度可以实现TC17线性摩擦焊接头强度和塑性的合理匹配,提高接头的综合性能.     

K447A+GH4169惯性摩擦焊工艺试验研究

本工作针对铸造高温合金K447A+变形高温合金GH_4169异质材料惯性摩擦焊接(IFW)接头的微观组织和力学性能进行分析,结果表明,K447A+GH_4169惯性摩擦焊接头飞边主要由GH_4169一侧产生;GH_4169及K447A一侧在界面近域均形成了细小再结晶区,热处理后焊缝组织中析出细小的γ′相,GH_4169一侧焊缝中δ相几乎全部溶解,热力影响区中δ相部分回溶,时效处理后无明显析出现象;界面元素浓度检测结果显示在结合界面处形成了元素扩散过渡区。GH_4169+K447A惯性摩擦焊接头的抗拉强度与K447A相当,高温持久性能测试试验时间超过75h。     

AZ81A镁合金焊接接头的组织与性能

对AZ81A镁合金进行了搅拌摩擦焊和钨极氩弧焊的工艺实验.通过观察焊接接头宏观成形,分析焊缝显微组织,测试焊接接头的显微硬度分布,对两种焊接方法焊接性进行了分析.研究结果表明:搅拌摩擦焊的外观成形及可操作性均优于熔化焊,焊件焊后基本没有变形.搅拌摩擦焊接头的焊缝为锻造组织,焊核区为细小的再结晶组织;热影响区为部分再结晶组织,再结晶的晶粒沿原铸造晶界生长.熔化焊接头的焊缝区组织为较母材细小的等轴晶,熔合区组织的晶界为α固溶体和Mg17Al12共晶,并有强化相析出;热影响区组织的晶界分布有不连续的共晶.     

焊后热处理对TC11钛合金线性摩擦焊接头组织与性能的影响

焊后热处理可以改善线性摩擦焊接头的组织与性能。对TC11钛合金线性摩擦焊接头进行双重退火(950+530)℃处理，利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜等微观分析技术研究双重退火对焊接接头组织的影响。结果表明：热处理后接头焊缝区的动态再结晶晶粒完全消失，被粗针状、条状和球状α相取代。热力影响区组织变形程度减小，晶粒长大，部分α组织球化。母材中次生α相长大，呈粗针及短棒状。接头焊缝区及热力影响区的晶粒取向在热处理后更加随机，择优取向明显降低。力学性能测试表明，焊后双重退火处理消除接头中心高硬度区，接头中心硬度较焊态接头硬度下降约50HV,热力影响区硬度较焊态接头硬度上升约30HV;焊后热处理对接头拉伸强度没有显著影响；热处理后接头冲击韧性达到61.3 J·cm^-2,相比焊态提高约80%,与母材的冲击韧性接近。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.