基于金纳米颗粒过氧化物酶活性的比色传感器在食品安全检测中的应用

金纳米颗粒(gold nanoparticles,AuNPs)是一种具有类似天然酶活性的纳米材料,已被开发成比色传感器,特别是基于AuNPs过氧化物酶活性的比色方法被广泛应用于分析检测领域.该文介绍了AuNPs的合成方法,总结了基于AuNPs过氧化物酶活性比色传感器的检测原理,列举了其在食品安全检测中的应用实例,最后就...     

基于纳米金比色法可视化检测鸡蛋中的氟苯尼考

该研究基于适配体功能化的纳米金构建了比色传感器,在优化各种试验条件的基础上,评估了传感器的灵敏性及特异性,并对鸡蛋中氟苯尼考检测的可行性进行了研究,进而探索将比色传感器与智能手机的成像分析相结合实现快速分析的可行性.比色传感器的优化条件如下:NaCl浓度为50 nmol/L,NaCl孵育时间为5 min,适配体浓度为7...     

基于纳米材料的比色传感策略检测沙门氏菌的应用进展

沙门氏菌是常见的食源性致病菌, 具有致病性强、分布广泛等特点, 其造成的食品污染危害已成为世界性的公共安全卫生问题。纳米材料种类繁多, 其比表面积大、吸附能力强、活性位点多,比色传感策略因其简单、便携、低成本和可视化也被广泛用于食品安全检测。将纳米材料与比色传感策略相结合, 为检测沙门氏菌提供了新的思路,已成为食品安全检测领域研究热点。本文综述了近些年国内外基于纳米材料结合比色传感策略快速检测沙门氏菌的研究进展, 重点阐述了纳米酶催化底物显色、部分贵金属纳米材料表观颜色变化和纳米材料与pH指示剂结合, pH变化诱导颜色变化, 以检测沙门氏菌的比色传感策略的原理及应用, 并对该领域未来发展前景进行了展望, 以期为今后开发简单、便捷、高效的沙门氏菌的比色检测方法提供参考。     

基于阳极氧化铝比色阵列传感器对鱼肉新鲜度的测定

为了快速、准确地对鱼肉新鲜度进行无损实时监测,本研究以阳极氧化铝片为基材,选取13种指示剂作为气敏材料,构建了一种可视化比色阵列传感器。利用所构建的比色阵列传感器对贮藏过程中大菱鲆鱼肉新鲜度进行测定。结果表明,在25 ℃条件下,当贮藏时间超过22 h时,鱼肉的总挥发性盐基氮（TVB-N）含量达到32.85 mg/100 g,鱼肉发生腐败变质,此时的比色阵列传感器中的阵列点发生颜色变化。提取阵列点在响应前后的红、绿、蓝（Red、Green、Blue,RGB）值并进行差减,对其进行聚类分析和主成分分析。结果表明,该传感阵列能够准确区分不同贮藏时间段的鱼肉新鲜度。此外,将该阵列传感器应用于不同贮藏时间下鲤鱼和美国红鱼新鲜度的检测,结果表明通过传感阵列预测的TVB-N值与实际测量值之间没有显著性差异。因此,将该传感器应用于鱼肉新鲜度监测具有可行性。     

基于局域表面等离子共振的比色法用于食品质量安全检测的研究进展

局域表面等离子体共振(LSPR)是表面等离子共振(SPR)中的一种特殊情况,是光线入射到金属纳米颗粒上引起的共振现象,可被用来实时跟踪生物分子之间在天然状态下的相互作用。这种方法对生物分子无任何损伤,且不需任何标记物。LSPR比色法灵敏度高、多色变化,可用于制作试纸条、试剂盒从而引起人们的广泛关注。本研究解释了LSPR的基本原理以及比色技术的概况,回顾了近5年基于LSPR的比色技术在食品安全方面的应用。最后,对基于LSPR生物传感器比色法的发展和应用以及研究领域所面临的挑战和未来的发展方向进行了讨论。     

基于MOFs传感器的食品细菌污染检测研究进展

食品细菌污染检测方法的研究对降低食源性疾病爆发和食品腐败具有重要意义。金属有机骨架(MOFs)是由金属离子或金属离子簇和多重有机配体通过配位形成的结构高度有序的晶体配位聚合物。基于MOFs独特的结构和特性,构建了荧光传感器、比色传感器、电化学传感器等多种传感检测系统,并对食品细菌污染进行检测。本文主要介绍MOFs的传感器类型、构成要素以及基于MOFs传感器的食品细菌污染检测方法研究进展,指出MOFs传感器检测方法的局限性以及未来发展方向。     

基于纳米材料的可视化比色检测技术在食源性致病菌检测中的应用研究进展

食源性致病菌是一类以食物为载体,引起人体急、慢性中毒,给人们的生命健康带来损害的致病性细菌。传统的食源性致病菌检测方法通常耗时费力且价格昂贵。基于纳米材料的可视化比色检测技术灵敏度高、特异性强、操作简单、快速可靠,引起了人们的广泛关注。一些纳米材料具有类似过氧化物酶的活性,在其表面性质发生改变后会发生相应的颜色变化,还有一些自身色彩明艳的纳米材料,可通过特异性结合在食源性致病菌的表面实现比色信号的放大。该文综述了近几年基于纳米材料的可视化比色检测技术在食源性致病菌中的应用及这些可视化比色检测技术的优缺点,以期对新的可视化比色检测技术的构建和开发提供参考。     

基于核酸适配体-金纳米粒子比色传感器快速检测食品中赭曲霉毒素A

本研究以核酸适配体为识别元件实现对赭曲霉毒素A(OTA)的高选择性识别,以及采用金纳米粒子做为比色探针,建立了适用于OTA快速检测的比色适配体传感器。研究结果表明,该比色传感器对OTA具有较高的灵敏度和特异性,操作简单快速,能用于实际食品样品中OTA的快速筛查检测;该比色传感器在520nm和650nm下吸光度的比值(A520/A650)与OTA浓度在0.05~5μM的范围内呈线性相关,检测限为0.02μM。     

食品中喹诺酮类抗生素的光学和电化学传感器检测方法研究进展

食品中喹诺酮类抗生素的残留危害食品安全,已经引起广泛关注。基于纳米材料制备的传感器具有实时分析、低检测限和分析所需的样品量小等多种优势,是目前喹诺酮类抗生素的现场检测技术研究的热点。本文介绍了荧光、比色、表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)、免疫层析(ICA)等光学传感器和基于不同纳米材料的电化学传感器在喹诺酮类抗生素检测中的应用,比较和分析了不同类型传感器的特点。并对量子点、上转换纳米粒子等纳米材料在光学传感器中的应用,以及碳纳米材料、金属纳米材料和氧化还原介质等在电化学传感器中的应用进行了综述并提出了展望,以期为食品中抗生素的检测和传感器的发展提供新的思路。     

传感器在果蔬智能包装中的研究与应用

随着社会的发展,人们对食品安全和减少资源浪费的意识不断提高,对可用于感知、追踪、监测、检测的果蔬智能包装材料的需求不断增加。针对此现状,本文综述了果蔬智能包装中传感器的类型以及应用的研究进展,分析了传感器在果蔬智能包装中应用的阻碍因素以及发展趋势。将传感器用于果蔬智能包装能监测和检测果蔬的品质变化,可根据其提供的信息对外部环境条件做出调整以延长果蔬保质期,具有巨大的市场价值。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Textural Properties of Cold-set Gels Induced from Heat-denatured Whey Protein Isolates

A 9% whey protein (WP) isolate solution at pH 7.0 was heat-denatured at 80°C for 30 min. Size-exclusion HPLC showed that native WP formed soluble aggregates after heat-treatment. Additions of CaCl2 (10–40 mM), NaCl (50–400 mM) or glucono-delta-lactone (GDL, 0.4–2.0%, w/v) or hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis caused gelation of the denatured solution at 45°C. Textural parameters, hardness, adhesiveness, and cohesiveness of the gels so formed changed markedly with concentration of added salts or pH by added GDL. Maximum gel hardness occurred at 200 mM NaCl or pH 4.7. Increasing CaCl2 concentration continuously increased gel hardness. Generally, GDL-induced gels were harder than salt-induced gels, and much harder than the protease-induced gel.     

Influence des ions sur le pouvoir hydratant de l'ure e: e tude sur peau de porc ex vivo

This study deals with the influence of ions (NaCl and MgSO4) in a W/O emulsion containing 10% urea. Moisturization kinetics are assessed by corneometry on pig skin ex vivo. The formula's influence on urea penetration is measured by infrared spectrometry with an ATR device and the stripping method. Corneometry and spectroscopy were chosen to record simultaneously the hydratation levels and urea localization into superficial cell layers. Urea crystallization after evaporation of emulsions and aqueous solutions is described. Results show that urea does not hydrate nor penetrate when applied to the skin through an aqueous gel. In a W/O emulsion, sodium chloride increases the ability of urea to moisturize without improving penetration. In vitro urea crystallization is disturbed by sodium chloride or magnesium sulphate for solutions and emulsions. This stabilization by ions is correlated with good moisturization values. The stabilization of urea in the solute state provided by ions increases its water epidermal binding capacity without enhancing penetration.     

Occurrence of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in fish canned in oil

The levels of bisphenol-F-diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) were quantified as part of a European survey on the migration of residues of epoxy resins into oil from canned fish. The contents of BFDGE in cans, lids and fish collected from all 15 Member States of the European Union and Switzerland were analysed in 382 samples. Cans and lids were separately extracted with acetonitrile. The extraction from fish was carried out with hexane followed by re-extraction with acetonitrile. The analysis was performed by reverse phase HPL C with fluorescence detection. BFDGE could be detected in 12% of the fish, 24% of the cans and 18% of the lids. Only 3% of the fish contained BFDGE in concentrations considerably above 1mg/kg. In addition to the presented data, a comparison was made with the levels of BADGE (bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether)analysed in the same products in the context of a previous study.     

Analysis on Economic Indicators from 62 Enterprises in Printing Machinery Industry in Q1 2014

Operation of printing machine industry was still unsatisfactory in the first quarter of 2014.Analysis on operation of printing machine industry.a.Market demand was not strong;sales of product undulated and declined.According to the statistics,the total industrial output value fell by 19.28% in the first quarter of 2014 than the average quarter value in 2013; industrial added value decreased by 4.16%; sales revenue dropped by 22.83%. h. Business operation of enterprises was in poor condition. c. R＆D of new products is an important transformation guarantee for enterprises. d. To take self explore new ways upgrading advantages,and explore new ways.