HfO2高k栅介质等效氧化层厚度的提取

分两步提取了HfO2高k栅介质等效氧化层厚度(EOT).首先,根据MIS测试结构等效电路,采用双频C-V特性测试技术对漏电流和衬底电阻的影响进行修正,得出HfO2高k栅介质的准确C-V特性.其次,给出了一种利用平带电容提取高k介质EOT的方法,该方法能克服量子效应所产生的反型层或积累层电容的影响.采用该两步法提取的HfO2高k栅介质EOT与包含量子修正的Poisson方程数值模拟结果对比,误差小于5%,验证了该方法的正确性.     

高k栅介质/金属栅结构CMOS器件的等效氧化层厚度控制技术

随着CMOS器件特征尺寸的不断缩小,绝缘栅介质层也按照等比例缩小的原则变得越来越薄,由此而产生的栅漏电流增大和可靠性降低等问题变得越来越严重。传统的SiO2栅介质材料已不能满足CMOS器件进一步缩小的需要,而利用高介电常数栅介质(高k)取代SiO2已成为必然趋势。综述了国内外对纳米尺度CMOS器件高k栅介质的等效氧化层厚度(EOT)控制技术的一些最新研究成果,并结合作者自身的工作介绍了EOT缩小的动因、方法和展望。     

高k HfO2栅介质淀积后退火工艺研究

研究了淀积后退火(PDA)工艺(包括退火环境和退火温度)对高介电常数(k)HfO2栅介质MOS电容(MOSCAP)电学特性的影响.通过对比O2和N2环境中,不同退火温度下的HfO2栅介质MOSCAP的C-V曲线发现,高kHfO2栅介质在N2环境中退火时具有更大的工艺窗口.通过对HfO2栅介质MOSCAP的等效氧化层厚度(dEOT)、平带电压(Vfb)和栅极泄漏电流(Ig)等参数进一步分析发现,与O2环境相比,高kHfO2栅介质在N2环境中PDA处理时dEOT和Ig更小、Vfb相差不大,更适合纳米器件的进一步微缩.HfO2栅介质PDA处理的最佳工艺条件是在N2环境中600℃下进行.该优化条件下高kHfO2栅介质MOSCAP的dEOT=0.75 nm,Vnb=0.37 V,Ig=0.27 A/cm2,满足14或16 nm技术节点对HfO2栅介质的要求.     

HfO2高K栅介质薄膜的电学特性研究

研究了高 K(高介电常数 )栅介质 Hf O2 薄膜的制备工艺 ,制备了有效氧化层厚度为 2 .9nm的超薄MOS电容。对电容的电学特性如 C-V特性 ,I-V特性 ,击穿特性进行了测试。实验结果显示 :Hf O2 栅介质电容具有良好的 C-V特性 ,较低的漏电流和较高的击穿电压。因此 ,Hf O2 栅介质可能成为 Si O2 栅介质的替代物。     

恒电流应力引起HfO2栅介质薄膜的击穿特性

利用磁控溅射的方法在p-Si上制备了高k(高介电常数)栅介质HfO2薄膜的MOS电容,对薄栅氧化层电容的软击穿和硬击穿特性进行了实验研究.利用在栅极加恒电流应力的方法研究了不同面积HfO2薄栅介质的击穿特性以及击穿对栅介质的I-V特性和C-V特性的影响.实验结果表明薄栅介质的击穿过程中有很明显的软击穿现象发生,与栅氧化层面积有很大的关系,面积大的电容比较容易发生击穿.分析比较了软击穿和硬击穿的区别,并利用统计分析模型对薄栅介质的击穿机理进行了解释.     

采用电子束蒸发方法结合一步快速退火制备的Ni-FUSI栅性能研究

本文采用高真空电子束蒸发方法在HfO2栅介质上依次沉积了Si膜与Ni膜并结合一步快速退火制备了Ni基全硅化物金属栅（Ni-FUSI)。X射线衍射和拉曼光谱结果表明经过快速退火处理金属栅完成了硅化反应其主相为镍硅化物相。我们通过制备Ni-FUSI/ HfO2 /Si结构(MIS)电容研究了NiSi栅的电学性能。测得的C-V曲线积累区曲线平坦,从积累区到反型区界面陡峭,滞回电压很小,提取的NiSi功函数为5.44eV~5.53eV。MIS电容漏电流很小,在栅压为-1V时漏电流密度只有1.45?10-8A/cm-2。     

超薄HfO2高K栅介质薄膜的软击穿特性

研究了高K(高介电常数)栅介质HfO2薄膜的制备工艺,制备了有效氧化层厚度为2.9nm的超薄MOS电容。当栅氧化层很薄时会发生软击穿现象,软击穿和通常的硬击穿是不同的现象。分别利用在栅介质上加恒流应力和恒压应力两种方法研究了HfO2薄膜的击穿特性,实验结果表明,在两种应力方式下HfO2栅介质均发生了软击穿现象,软击穿和硬击穿的机理不同。     

高k栅介质材料的研究进展

综述了超薄SiO2栅介质层引起的问题、MOS栅介质层材料的要求、有希望取代传统SiO2的高k栅介质材料的研究进展.提出了高k栅介质材料研究中需进一步解决的问题.     

不同气体退火La_2O_3栅介质Ge MOS电容的电特性

采用电子束蒸发方法,在Ge衬底上淀积La_2O_3高k栅介质,研究了O_2、NO、NH_3和N_2不同气体退火对MOS电容电特性的影响。测量了器件的C-V和I-V特性,并进行了高场应力实验。结果表明La_2O_3在N_2气氛中退火后,由于形成稳定的LaGeO_x而有效地降低了Q_(ox)和D_(it),从而获得低的栅极漏电流,同时获得较高的栅介质介电常数(18)。     

纳米级MOSFET隧穿栅电流量子模型

运用一种全量子模型,研究高k栅介质纳米MOSFET(场效应管)栅电流,特别适用于各种材料高k栅介质和高k叠栅介质纳米MOSFET。使用该方法,研究了高k栅介质中氮含量等元素对栅极电流的影响,并对模拟结果进行了分析比较。结果显示,为了最大限度减少MOS器件的栅泄漏电流,需要优化介质中的氮含量。通过对比表明,模型与实验结果符合。     

Impact of High-k Gate Dielectrics on the Device and Circuit Performance of Nanoscale FinFETs

The impact of high-k gate dielectrics on device short-channel and circuit performance of fin field-effect transistors is studied over a wide range of dielectric permittivities k. It is observed that there is a decrease in the parasitic outer fringe capacitance C_of in addition to an increase in the internal fringe capacitance C_if with high-k dielectrics, which degrades the short-channel effects significantly. It is shown that fin width scaling is the most suitable approach to recover the degradation in the device performance due to high-k integration. Furthermore, from the circuit perspective, for the 32-nm technology generation, the presence of an optimum k for a given target subthreshold leakage current has been identified by various possible approaches such as fin width scaling, fin-doping adjustment, and gate work function engineering     

前栅工艺下高k/金属栅CMOS器件EOT控制技术研究

随着CMOS器件特征尺寸的不断缩小,绝缘栅介质层也按照等比例缩小的原则变得越来越薄,由此而产生的栅漏电流增大和可靠性降低等问题变得越来越严重。传统的SiO2栅介质材料已不能满足CMOS器件进一步缩小的需要,而利用高介电常数栅介质(高k)取代SiO2已成为必然趋势。而在前栅工艺下,SiO2界面层生长问题严重制约了EOT的缩小以及器件性能的提升。介绍了一种前栅工艺下的高k/金属栅结构CMOS器件EOT控制技术,并成功验证了Al元素对SiO2界面层的氧吸除作用。     

叠层高k栅介质中远程界面粗糙散射的理论模型

利用双子带近似,从理论上研究了远程界面粗糙散射对叠层高k栅介质MOSFET反型载流子迁移率的退化作用,模拟了叠层高k栅介质结构参数和材料参数对远程界面粗糙散射的影响。结果表明,对于精确的迁移率模型,远程界面粗糙散射必须加以考虑,另外,在设计叠层高k栅介质MOSFET时,在EOT得到满足的条件下,尽可能利用具有较高介电常数的界面层和具有较低介电常数的高k栅介质,可以减小迁移率退化。     

Aggressively scaled ultra thin undoped HfO/sub 2/ gate dielectric (EOT<0.7 nm) with TaN gate electrode using engineered interface layer

The ultrathin HfO/sub 2/ gate dielectric (EOT<0.7 nm) has been achieved by using a novel "oxygen-scavenging effect" technique without incorporation of nitrogen or other "dopants" such as Al, Ti, or La. Interfacial oxidation growth was suppressed by Hf scavenging layer on HfO/sub 2/ gate dielectric with appropriate annealing, leading to thinner EOT. As the scavenging layer thickness increases, EOT becomes thinner. This scavenging technique produced a EOT of 7.1 /spl Aring/, the thinnest EOT value reported to date for "undoped" HfO/sub 2/ with acceptable leakage current, while EOT of 12.5 /spl Aring/ was obtained for the control HfO/sub 2/ film with the same physical thickness after 450/spl deg/C anneal for 30 min at forming gas ambient. This reduced EOT is attributed to "scavenging effect" that Hf metal layer consumes oxygen during anneal and suppresses interfacial reaction effectively, making thinner interface layer. Using this fabrication approach, EOT of /spl sim/ 0.9 nm after conventional self-aligned MOSFETs process was successfully obtained.     

The effect of high-K gate dielectrics on deep submicrometer CMOSdevice and circuit performance

The potential impact of high permittivity gate dielectrics on device short channel and circuit performance is studied over a wide range of dielectric permittivities (K_gate) using two-dimensional (2-D) device and Monte Carlo simulations. The gate-to-channel capacitance and parasitic fringe capacitances are extracted using a highly accurate three-dimensional (3-D) capacitance extractor. It is observed that there is a decrease in parasitic outer fringe capacitance and gate-to-channel capacitance in addition to an increase in internal fringe capacitance, when the conventional silicon dioxide is replaced by a high-K gate dielectric. The lower parasitic outer fringe capacitance is beneficial for the circuit performance, while the increase in internal fringe capacitance and the decrease in the gate-to-channel capacitance will degrade the short channel performance contributing to higher DIBL, drain leakage, and lower noise margin. It is shown that using low-K gate sidewalls with high-K gate insulators can decrease the fringing-induced barrier lowering. Also, from the circuit point of view, for the 70-nm technology generation, the presence of an optimum K_gate for different target subthreshold leakage currents has been identified     

Electrical characterization and process control of cost-effective high-k aluminum oxide gate dielectrics prepared by anodization followed by furnace annealing

A cost-effective technique was introduced to prepare ultrathin aluminum oxide (Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/) gate dielectrics with equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) down to 14 /spl Aring/. Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ was fabricated by anodic oxidation (anodization) of ultrathin Al films at room temperature in deionized water and then furnace annealed at 650/spl deg/C in N/sub 2/ ambient. Both dc and dac (dc superimposed with ac) anodization techniques were investigated. Effective dielectric constant of k/spl sim/7.5 and leakage current of 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than SiO/sub 2/ are observed. The conduction mechanism in Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ gate stack is shown to be Fowler-Nordheim (F-N) tunneling. Saturated current behavior in the inversion region of MOS capacitor is observed. It is found that the saturation current is sensitive to interface state capacitance and can be used as an efficient way to evaluate the Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ gate stack/Si-substrate interfacial property. An optimal process control for preparing Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ gate dielectrics with minimized interface state capacitance via monitoring the inversion saturation current is demonstrated.     

Use of gas as low-k interlayer dielectric in LSI's: Demonstrationof feasibility

Reduction of the wire capacitance in LSI's has become an issue of the utmost importance since the wire parasitic capacitance plays a significant role in determining both chip speed and power. Low dielectric constant materials such as SiOF (k=3.3) are already in use in manufacturing, while other materials with lower dielectric constants (k=2.0~3.0) are under development. Technology for further reduction of the dielectric constant, however, has not been reported so far. In this paper, we propose a gas-dielectric process that has the potential to achieve almost the minimum physically possible value for the dielectric constant: 1.0. The conceptual feasibility of the process is demonstrated, and basic process characterization data are presented. In addition, issues to be considered when integrating the proposed process into LSI manufacturing are identified, and work currently in progress addressing these issues is discussed     

Modeling of direct tunneling current through gate dielectric stacks

The direct tunneling current has been calculated for the first time from an inverted p-substrate through different gate dielectrics by numerically solving Schroedinger's equation and allowing for wavefunction penetration into the gate dielectric stack. The numerical solution adopts a first-order perturbation approach to calculate the lifetime of the quasi-bound states. This approach has been verified to be valid even for extremely thin dielectrics (0.5 nm). The tunneling currents predicted by this technique compare well with the WKB solution. Also for the first time investigation of the wavefunction penetration into gate stacks and their effects on quantization in the substrate has also been performed. For the same effective oxide thickness (EOT) the direct tunneling current decreases with increasing dielectric constant, as expected. However, in order to take full advantage of using high-K dielectrics as gate insulators the interfacial oxide needs to be eliminated     

Investigation of hole-tunneling current through ultrathinoxynitride/oxide stack gate dielectrics in p-MOSFETs

The systematic investigation of hole tunneling current through ultrathin oxide, oxynitride, oxynitride/oxide (N/O) and oxide/oxynitride/oxide (ONO) gate dielectrics in p-MOSFETs using a physical model is reported for the first time. The validity of the model is corroborated by the good agreement between the simulated and experimental results. Under typical inversion biases (|VG|<2 V), hole tunneling current is lower through oxynitride and oxynitride/oxide with about 33 at.% N than through pure oxide and nitride gate dielectrics. This is attributed to the competitive effects of the increase in the dielectric constant, and hence dielectric thickness, and decrease in the hole barrier height at the dielectric/Si interface with increasing with N concentration for a given electrical oxide thickness (EOT). For a N/O stack film with the same N concentration in the oxynitride, the hole tunneling current decreases monotonically with oxynitride thickness under the typical inversion biases. For minimum gate leakage current and maintaining an acceptable dielectric/Si interfacial quality, an N/O stack structure consisting of an oxynitride layer with 33 at.% N and a 3 Å oxide layer is proposed. For a p-MOSFET at an operating voltage of -0.9 V, which is applicable to the 0.7 μm technology node, this structure could be scaled to EOT=12 Å if the maximum allowed gate leakage current is 1 A/cm² and EOT=9 Å if the maximum allowed gate leakage current is 100 A/cm²