基于Gabor特征的稀疏表示纹理分割研究

稀疏表示和字典学习在图像去噪、图像重建和模式识别等应用上取得了良好的效果,其利用稀疏系数和重构误差来作为模式分类的判别准则。稀疏表示纹理分割方法是将图像分割问题转换为像素点的分类问题。但通常稀疏表示分类方法是基于图像块特征,难以准确表征图像纹理信息。为了解决上述问题,提出基于Gabor特征的稀疏表示纹理分割方法。因为Gabor特征对图像纹理信息的鲁棒性,算法首先从每类纹理中选择一些像素点作为训练样本,计算其不同尺度和方向下的Gabor特征,将其作为初始化字典,通过判别性的字典学习算法(D-KSVD)更新字典,该字典学习算法在KSVD基础上使得字典更具有类别判别能力,最后以待分割图像的每个像素点作为测试样本,计算其Gabor特征。利用OMP算法得到测试样本在字典下的稀疏系数,根据稀疏系数得到类标签,进而对像素点进行分类,完成分割。通过在Brodatz纹理库上的实验结果表明,该方法有效提高了稀疏表示算法对纹理图像分割的正确率。     

基于Gabor低秩恢复稀疏表示分类的人脸图像识别方法

针对含光照、表情、姿态、遮挡等误差或被噪声污染的人脸图像的识别问题,本文提出一种基于Gabor低秩恢复稀疏表示分类的人脸图像识别方法。该方法首先用低秩矩阵恢复算法求得训练样本图像对应的误差图像;然后,对每一个训练样本图像及其对应的误差图像进行Gabor变换,得到相应的Gabor特征向量,并将这些Gabor特征向量组成一个Gabor特征字典;进而,计算测试样本图像Gabor特征向量在该Gabor特征字典下的稀疏表示系数,并用该稀疏表示系数和Gabor特征字典,对测试样本图像的Gabor特征向量进行类关联重构,同时计算相应的类关联重构误差。最后,根据测试样本图像Gabor特征向量的类关联重构误差,实现对测试样本图像的分类识别。在CMU PIE、Extend-ed Yale B和AR数据库上的实验结果表明,本文提出的人脸图像识别方法具有较高的识别率和较强的抗干扰能力。     

基于Gabor多通道加权优化与稀疏表征的人脸识别方法

稀疏表征理论在模式识别中的应用引起广泛的关注。在用稀疏表征方法研究人脸识别问题中,为了使得表征系数矢量具有更为显著的稀疏性,该文提出一种Gabor稀疏表征分类(Gabor Sparse Representation Classification, GSRC)算法,该算法利用Gabor局部特征构造字典,增强算法对外界环境变化的鲁棒性。GSRC算法对所有的Gabor特征等同对待,通过进一步考虑不同Gabor特征对识别的不同贡献,该文提出了一种加权多通道Gabor稀疏表征分类(WMC-GSRC)算法,该算法通过引入Gabor多通道模型,提取不同通道的Gabor特征分别构造字典和稀疏表征分类器,在决策级执行分类器的加权融合得到识别结果。通过在ORL, AR和FERET人脸库上的实验结果验证了该文算法的有效性。     

Gabor字典及l0范数快速稀疏表示的人脸识别算法

针对光照、遮挡、伪装情况下,识别率比较低,识别时间长的问题,本文提出了基于Gabor字典及l0范数快速稀疏表示的人脸识别算法。Gabor小波提取的特征能够克服遮挡、光照等干扰对人脸识别的影响,平滑l0算法通过平滑连续函数来近似 l0范数,只需较少测量值并且较快速度便能重构稀疏信号。本算法通过提取人脸的Gabor特征、主成分分析法（PCA）降低维度,l0范数快速稀疏分类完成识别。在伪装人脸情况下,分块计算Gabor人脸特征,提高Gabor字典的形成速度。基于AR人脸数据库的实验结果表明,本算法可在一定程度上提高识别速度和识别时间,即使在小样本情况下,依然具有较高的识别率。      

基于Gabor特征与改进RSC的人脸识别算法

针对鲁棒稀疏编码算法(Robust Sparse Coding,RSC)在姿态偏转、遮挡等环境下,特征维数高、识别率较低等问题,结合对该环境下仍具有良好鲁棒性的Gabor特征,提出了一种基于Gabor特征提取的改进的鲁棒稀疏编码算法(Gabor Robust Sparse Coding,GRSC)。首先对人脸图像进行分块处理;然后作多方向和多尺度的Gabor特征提取并构造字典;接着用PCA特征脸法去除相关性和降低维数;最后用加权迭代稀疏编码算法求解得到的最优稀疏系数进行判别归类。在ORL和AR数据库上验证该算法的性能,结果表明在AR数据库上识别率高达98.9%,在ORL人脸库上具有显著的优势,同时有效缩短了识别时间,是一种比较实用的人脸识别方法。     

基于稀疏表示的概率子空间聚类人脸识别

针对子空间聚类应用中高达数以百万计信号的数据集合问题,为了实现快速聚类,提出了一种基于稀疏表示的概率子空间聚类算法。首先,每个信号由一个稀疏组合的基本元素(原子)表示,这些原子构成了字典矩阵的列;接着利用稀疏表示集推导出一个混合模式的原子和信号的共生矩阵;最后,通过共生矩阵的非负矩阵分解(NNMF)得到混合模式的组件,并根据最大似然(ML)准则估算每个信号的子空间。在YaleB人脸数据库上的实验结果表明,与其他几种最先进的方法相比,所提方法取得了较好的聚类精度。     

基于耦合特征空间下改进字典学习的图像超分辨率重建

针对目前基于字典学习的图像超分辨率重建效果欠佳或字典训练时间过长的问题,本文提出了一种耦合特征空间下改进字典学习的图像超分辨率重建算法.该算法首先利用高斯混合模型聚类算法对训练图像块进行聚类,然后使用更改字典更新方式的改进KSVD字典学习算法来快速获得高、低分辨率特征空间下字典对和映射矩阵.重建时根据测试样本与各个类别的似然概率自适应地选择最匹配的字典对和映射矩阵进行高分辨率重建.最后利用图像非局部相似性,将其与迭代反向投影算法相结合对重建后的图像进行后处理获得最佳重建效果.实验结果表明了本文方法的有效性.     

原子稀疏结合块结构稀疏的联合表示图像识别算法

针对结构稀疏表示识别算法中稀疏准则的选择以及字典内块的划分两个重要问题,提出两种改进的结构稀疏表示识别算法。首先,针对结构稀疏准则会出现较多系数不为零的情况,提出将结构稀疏准则与原子稀疏准则相结合的思路,包括并行和串行两种结合方式。并行结合是将两者以加权求和的方式同时作为稀疏表示的判别准则进行分类,串行结合则是在结构稀疏表示后,通过重组字典,再对测试样本进行原子稀疏表示实现分类。然后,针对字典中类内样本的块划分问题,提出基于MLP的结构稀疏表示识别算法,先将类内样本经过MLP的划分,保证各个分块分别位于低维的线性子空间中,再进行结构稀疏表示的分类。实验结果证明两种改进的结构稀疏表示识别算法的有效性。      

基于稀疏表示的脑电棘波检测算法研究

 提出了一种基于稀疏表示的脑电棘波检测算法,首先以高斯函数及其一、二阶导数为原子的生成函数构建了一个冗余多成份字典,再应用匹配追踪算法获取脑电信号在此字典下的M项稀疏逼近,由该逼近的导数信息与原子的结构参数可准确度量瞬时波形的形态结构特征,进而提出基于形态结构匹配的棘波检测算法,克服了Gabor字典不能识别周期化棘波序列的缺点,同时能够有效去除背景节律与伪迹的影响,检测结果表明该算法针对临床EEG信号的检测率高达93.9%,正确率高达88.0%.     

一种基于超完备字典学习的图像去噪方法

 基于超完备字典的图像稀疏表示因其具有稀疏性、特征保持性、可分性等特点而被广泛应用于图像处理.本文提出一种超完备字典学习算法并应用于图像去噪.将字典学习等价于一个二次规划问题,并提出适合于大规模运算的投影梯度算法.学习所得字典能有效描述图像特征.基于此超完备学习字典,获得图像的稀疏表示,并恢复原始图像.实验结果表明,与小波类去噪方法相比,本文的学习算法能更好地去除图像噪声,保留图像细节信息,获得更高的PSNR值.     

Technology innovation and process integrations for sub-100nm gate patterning

This paper presents a brief overview of the Applied Centura(R)DPS(R)system,configured with silicon etch DPS Ⅱ chamber, with emphasis on discussing tuning capability for CD uniformity control. It also presents the studies of etch process chemistry and film integration impact for an overall successful gate patterning development. Discussions will focus on resolutions to key issues, such as CD uniformity, line-edge roughness, and multilayer film etching integration.     

White organic light-emitting devices based on fac tris（2- phenylpyridine） iridium sensitized 5,6,11,12-tetraphenylnap -hthacene

We have fabricated the white organic light-emitting devices （WOLEDs） based on 4,4＇ -bis（2,2 -diphenyl vinyl）-1,1＇ - biphenyl （DPVBi） and phosphorescence sensitized 5,6,11,12,-tetraphenylnaphthacene （rubrene）. The device structure is ITO/2T-NATA （20 nm）/NPBX （20 nm）/CBP： x%Ir（ppy）3：0.5% rubrene （8 nm）/NPBX （5 nm）/DPVBi （30 nm）/Alq（30 nm）/LiF（0.5 nm）/A1. In the devices, DPVBi acts as a blue light-emitting layer, the rubrene is sensitized by a phosphorescent material, fac tris （2-phenylpyridine） iridium [Ir（ppy）3], acts as a yellow light-emitting layer, and N,N＇ -bis- （1-naphthyl）- N,N＇ -diphenyl -1, 1＇ -biphenyl-4,4＇ -diamine （NPBX） acts as a hole transporting and exciton blocker layer, respectively. When the concentration of Ir （PPY）3 is 6wt%, the maximum luminance is 24960 cd/m^2 at an applied voltage of 15 V, and the maximum luminous efficiency is 5.17 cd/A at an applied voltage of 8 V.     

Complete approach to automatic identification and subpixel center location for ellipse feature

To meet the need of automatic image features extraction with high precision in visual inspection, a complete approach to automatic identification and sub-pixel center location for similar-ellipse feature is proposed. In the method, the feature area is identified automatically based on the edge attribute, and the sub-pixel center location is accomplished with the leastsquare algorithm. It shows that the method is valid, practical, and has high precision by experiment. Meanwhile this method can meet the need of instrumentation of visual inspection because of easy realization and without man-machine interaction.     

小角度扩展相关性近似算法分析

本论文提出一种在多天线MIMO信道相关性建模中小角度扩展近似理论算法,并应用于分析MIMO系统性能。分析中分别对三种不同角能量分布情况下的空间相关性研发快速近似计算法,并同时提出双模(Bi-Modal)角能量分布情况下的近似运算。通过分析这些新方法的近似效率,可以得到计算简单、复杂度低、而且符合实际的MIMO相关信道矩阵,对系统级的快速高效计算法的研究和系统级的评估以及误差分析具有重要的意义。     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

A Versatile Mixed-Signal Pin Approach for Cost-Effective Test of Automotive ICs

Integrated circuits (ICs) intended for increasingly sophisticated automotive applications bring unique test demands. Advanced ICs for applications such as highly integrated automatic braking system (ABS) and airbag controllers combine high voltage digital channels, significant VI demands and precise timing capability. Along with continued missioncritical reliability concerns, the trend toward higher voltage operation and increased device integration requires specialized test capabilities able to extend across the wide operating ranges found in automotive applications. Among these capabilities, automotive test requirements increasingly dictate a need for a cost-effective versatile mixed-signal pin electronics with very high data rates reaching up to 50MHz with a voltage swing of-2 V to +28 V.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.     

Optical vibration and deviation measurement of rotating machine parts

It is of interest to get appropriate information about the dynamic behaviour of rotating machinery parts in service. This paper presents an approach of optical vibration and deviation measurement of such parts. Essential of this method is an image derotator combined with a high speed camera or a laser doppler vibrometer （LDV）.