长/长波双色二类超晶格红外探测器研究

报道了长/长波双色二类超晶格红外焦平面探测器组件的研制。通过能带结构设计和分子束外延技术,获得了表面质量良好的长/长波双色超晶格外延材料。突破了长波超晶格低暗电流钝化、低损伤干法刻蚀等关键技术,制备出像元中心距30 μm的320×256长/长波双色InAs/GaSb超晶格焦平面探测器芯片。将芯片与双色读出电路互连,采用杜瓦封装,与制冷机耦合形成探测器组件。组件双波段50%后截止波长分别为7.7 μm（波段1）和10.0 μm（波段2）。波段1平均峰值探测率达到8.21×10¹⁰ cmW^-1Hz^1/2,NETD实现28.8 mK;波段2平均峰值探测率达到6.15×10¹⁰ cmW^-1Hz^1/2,NETD为37.8 mK,获得了清晰的成像效果,实现长/长波双色探测。     

InAs/InAsSb超晶格红外中/中波双色焦平面探测器研制

超晶格材料已经成为了第三代红外焦平面探测器的优选材料。双波段红外探测器能够通过对比两个波段内的光谱信息差异,对复杂的背景进行抑制,提高探测效果,在需求中尤为重要。本文开展了InAs/InAsSb超晶格中/中双色焦平面探测器设计及制备技术研究,从器件设计、材料外延、芯片加工等方面展开研究,制备了中心距30 μm的320×256 InAs/InAsSb二类超晶格中/中波双色焦平面探测器。器件短中波峰值探测率达到7.2×10¹¹ cm·Hz^1/2W^-1,中波峰值探测率为6.7×10¹¹ cm·Hz^1/2W^-1,短中波有效像元率为99.51%,中波为99.13%,获得了高质量的成像效果,实现中中双色探测。     

InAs/GaSb II类超晶格长波红外焦平面探测器研究

InAs/GaSb II类超晶格材料是第三代红外焦平面探测器的优选材料。报道了一种面阵规模为320×256、像元中心距为30 μm的InAs/GaSb II类超晶格长波红外焦平面器件。在77 K时,该器件的平均峰值探测率为7.6×10¹⁰ cm·Hz^1/2·W^-1,盲元率为1.46%,响应非均匀性为7.55%,噪声等效温差(Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference, NETD)为25.5 mK。经计算可知,这种器件的峰值量子效率为26.2%,50%截止波长为9.1 μm。最后对该器件进行了成像演示。结果表明,该研究为后续的相关器件研制奠定了基础。     

InAs基InAs/Ga（As）Sb II类超晶格长波红外探测器湿法腐蚀研究

开展了InAs基InAs/Ga（As）Sb II类超晶格长波红外探测器的湿法腐蚀工艺研究.选择的腐蚀液由柠檬酸、磷酸和过氧化氢组成,先后在InAs、GaSb体材料和InAs/Ga（As）Sb II类超晶格上进行了湿法腐蚀实验,分别获得了其最佳的腐蚀液组分及配比.使用优化的磷酸系腐蚀液对InAs/Ga（As）Sb II类超晶格进行腐蚀,获得的腐蚀表面粗糙度仅为1 nm.然后使用改进的工艺制备了50 ％截止波长为12 μm的超晶格长波单元器件,实验结果表明磷酸系腐蚀液可以获得低暗电流密度的InAs基InAs/Ga（As）Sb II类超晶格长波红外探测器.另外,在81 K下,该探测器的表面电阻率（ρ_Surface）为4.4 × 10³ Ωcm.     

基于InAs/GaSb超晶格的中波段红外焦平面材料生长与器件制备

本文展示了基于InAs/GaSb二类超晶格材料的中红外焦平面器件制备研究。探测器材料由400周期的结构为8ML InAs /8ML GaSb 的超晶格构成。超晶格材料通过分子束外延技术在N 型GaSb(100)衬底上生长。超晶格层与GaSb衬底层的失配被降低到148.9ppm,通过高分辨X射线衍射分析得到超晶格层的1级衍射峰半缝宽达到28arcsec.。单元探测器和128×128像元红外焦平面通过柠檬酸系腐蚀配方制备完成。通过I-V测试分析表明器件工艺中的化学和物理钝化能够有效降低器件的表面漏电流。最终单元探测器件在77K温度下50%截止波长为4.73微米,R₀A 达到 10³Ωcm²量级。最后我们对焦平面器件进行了成像实验,测试条件为积分时间0.5ms,光圈F/2.0,器件黑体平均探测率达到2.01 × 10⁹cmHz^1/2W^-1.。     

高量子效率中波InAs/GaSb II类超晶格探测器分子束外延生长及特性

基于分子束外延（MBE）生长技术获得了高量子效率的InAs/GaSb T2SLs中波红外（MWIR）光电探测器结构材料,表现出了层状结构生长的光滑表面和出色的晶体结构均匀性。此超晶格中波红外探测器的50%截止波长约为5.5 μm,峰值响应率为2.6 A/W,77 K下量子效率超过了80%,与碲镉汞的量子效率相当。在77 K,-50 mV偏压下的暗电流密度为1.8×10^-6 A/cm²,最大电阻面积乘积（RA）（-50 mV偏压）为3.8×10⁵Ω·cm²,峰值探测率达到了6.1×10¹² cm Hz^{1 / 2}/W。     

快速响应高探测度的长波红外探测器

美国新泽西州默里山美国电话电报公司贝尔实验室的Levine及其合作者研制出长波红外区的GaAs/AlGaAs探测器,在77K时响应率为30kV/W,探测度D^*=1.0×10¹⁰cmHz^1/2/W。该探测器工作在8.3μm,带宽>70MHz。     

InAs基室温中波红外探测器的液相外延生长

材料质量好坏对于获得高性能红外探测器至关重要。提出决定材料质量的关键点在于精准控制材料结构中层与层之间的晶格失配度，报道了晶格失配对材料质量和器件暗电流性能的影响。实验结论表明在液相外延技术生长的InAs/InAsSbP材料体系中，InAs和InAsSbP间的晶格失配不是越小越好，而是有一个最佳值。如果晶格失配偏离这个值，不管是偏大还是偏小，材料的质量都会恶化。阐述了如何调整生长参数以获得合适的晶格失配度。制备了具有适宜晶格失配度的红外探测器件，该探测器零偏压下的室温峰值探测率为6.8×10⁹ cm Hz^1/2W^-1，与国际商用InAs探测器的指标相当。     

高探测率(>1×10~(10)cmHz~(1/2)W~(-1))InAsSb应变层超晶格红外光伏探测器

利用InAs_(0.15)Sb_(0.85)/InSb应变层超晶格(SLS)制造了一种高探测率的红外光电二极管。经表面钝化的器件在波长小于等于10μm时探测率大于等于1×10~(10)cmHz~(1/2)W~(-1)。这种器件证明了在InAsSb应变层超晶格基础上制造长波红外光伏探测器的可行性。     

双层异质结碲镉汞甚长波红外焦平面探测器研究进展

报道了甚长波碲镉汞红外焦平面探测器的最新研究进展。采用水平液相外延In掺杂和垂直液相外延As掺杂技术生长p-on-n异质结材料,并基于湿法腐蚀、表侧壁钝化、In柱互连工艺,制备了第一支甚长波碲镉汞台面型焦平面器件。在60 K的工作温度下,该器件的截止波长达到14.28 μm,有效像元率为94.5%,平均峰值探测率达到8.98×10¹⁰ cm·Hz^1/2·W^-1。     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.     

GaAsSb/InAlAs PA DHBTs Grown by Production MBE

The epi material growth of GaAsSb based DHBTs with InAlAs emitters are investigated using a 4 × 100mm multi-wafer production Riber 49 MBE reactor fully equipped with real-time in-situ sensors including an absorption band edge spectroscope and an optical-based flux monitor. The state-of-the-art hole mobilities are obtained from 100nm thick carbon-doped GaAsSb. A Sb composition variation of less than ± 0.1 atomic percent across a 4 × 100mm platen configuration has been achieved. The large area InAlAs/GaAsSb/InP DHBT device demonstrates excellent DC characteristics,such as BVCEO＞6V and a DC current gain of 45 at 1kA/cm2 for an emitter size of 50μm × 50μm. The devices have a 40nm thick GaAsSb base with p-doping of 4. 5 × 1019cm-3 . Devices with an emitter size of 4μm × 30μm have a current gain variation less than 2% across the fully processed 100mm wafer. ft and fmax are over 50GHz,with a power efficiency of 50% ,which are comparable to standard power GaAs HBT results. These results demonstrate the potential application of GaAsSb/InP DHBT for power amplifiers and the feasibility of multi-wafer MBE for mass production of GaAsSb-based HBTs.     

Technology innovation and process integrations for sub-100nm gate patterning

This paper presents a brief overview of the Applied Centura(R)DPS(R)system,configured with silicon etch DPS Ⅱ chamber, with emphasis on discussing tuning capability for CD uniformity control. It also presents the studies of etch process chemistry and film integration impact for an overall successful gate patterning development. Discussions will focus on resolutions to key issues, such as CD uniformity, line-edge roughness, and multilayer film etching integration.     

White organic light-emitting devices based on fac tris（2- phenylpyridine） iridium sensitized 5,6,11,12-tetraphenylnap -hthacene

We have fabricated the white organic light-emitting devices （WOLEDs） based on 4,4＇ -bis（2,2 -diphenyl vinyl）-1,1＇ - biphenyl （DPVBi） and phosphorescence sensitized 5,6,11,12,-tetraphenylnaphthacene （rubrene）. The device structure is ITO/2T-NATA （20 nm）/NPBX （20 nm）/CBP： x%Ir（ppy）3：0.5% rubrene （8 nm）/NPBX （5 nm）/DPVBi （30 nm）/Alq（30 nm）/LiF（0.5 nm）/A1. In the devices, DPVBi acts as a blue light-emitting layer, the rubrene is sensitized by a phosphorescent material, fac tris （2-phenylpyridine） iridium [Ir（ppy）3], acts as a yellow light-emitting layer, and N,N＇ -bis- （1-naphthyl）- N,N＇ -diphenyl -1, 1＇ -biphenyl-4,4＇ -diamine （NPBX） acts as a hole transporting and exciton blocker layer, respectively. When the concentration of Ir （PPY）3 is 6wt%, the maximum luminance is 24960 cd/m^2 at an applied voltage of 15 V, and the maximum luminous efficiency is 5.17 cd/A at an applied voltage of 8 V.     

Complete approach to automatic identification and subpixel center location for ellipse feature

To meet the need of automatic image features extraction with high precision in visual inspection, a complete approach to automatic identification and sub-pixel center location for similar-ellipse feature is proposed. In the method, the feature area is identified automatically based on the edge attribute, and the sub-pixel center location is accomplished with the leastsquare algorithm. It shows that the method is valid, practical, and has high precision by experiment. Meanwhile this method can meet the need of instrumentation of visual inspection because of easy realization and without man-machine interaction.     

小角度扩展相关性近似算法分析

本论文提出一种在多天线MIMO信道相关性建模中小角度扩展近似理论算法,并应用于分析MIMO系统性能。分析中分别对三种不同角能量分布情况下的空间相关性研发快速近似计算法,并同时提出双模(Bi-Modal)角能量分布情况下的近似运算。通过分析这些新方法的近似效率,可以得到计算简单、复杂度低、而且符合实际的MIMO相关信道矩阵,对系统级的快速高效计算法的研究和系统级的评估以及误差分析具有重要的意义。     

Noise character analysis and the restraint of self-pulsation laser diodes

We calculate the Langevin noise sources of self-pulsation laser diodes, analyze the effects of active region noise and saturable-absorption region noise on the power fluctuation as well as period fluctuation, and propose a novel method to restrain the noise effects. A visible SIMULINK model is established to simulate the system, The results indicate that the effects of noise in absorption region can be ignored; that with the increase of DC injecting current, the noise effects enhance power jitter, and nevertheless, the period jitter is decreased; and that with external sinusoidal current modulating the self-pulsation laser diode, the noise-induced power jitter and period jitter can be suppressed greatly. This work is valuable for clock recovery in all-optical network.