波导-双腔-量子点耦合系统透射谱的解析解研究

通过波导-双腔-量子点耦合系统的哈密顿量和系统算符的海森堡运动方程推导出系统的输入-输出关系。进一步地,我们利用格林函数理论,解析地定义了微腔和波导之间的耦合速率。并在此基础上求解系统算符的运动方程,推导出整个系统透射谱的解析形式。数值计算了整个系统透射谱与双腔之间的距离（其导致双腔与波导的耦合速率之间有一相位因子）和失谐因子之间的关系。研究发现透射谱紧密依赖于双腔距离和失谐因子。这种结构在量子信息、量子计算或光开关方面有着潜在的应用前景。     

基于Ti掺杂硅量子点的MOSFET结构的电子显微学表征

通过自组装生长并结合两步退火处理,在SiO2表面得到了Ti掺杂的Si纳米晶粒量子点.采用高分辨显微分析方法,X射线能谱线扫描和Z衬度扫描透射显微方法对一系列横截面样品进行详细研究,得到了量子点内部的成分分布,相关的试验数据吻合一致,验证了Si量子点MOSFET的结构模型.     

GaAs基长波长InAs耦合量子点材料的分子束外延生长

系统介绍了利用分子束外延方法在纯GaAs材料上生长InAs/GaAs耦合量子点结构。讨论了生长温度和上下两层量子点中InAs的淀积量对于材料发光性质和表面形貌的影响。通过优化生长参数,得到了室温发光波长在1.436μm,FWHM为27meV的耦合量子点材料。第二层量子点的密度在910⁹到1.410¹⁰cm^-2之间。耦合量子点结构为拓展GaAs基材料在量子功能器件应用中的发光波长提供了新的途径。     

量子点-腔系统耦合强度对非相干抽运的响应

用量子主方程理论研究了量子点-腔耦合系统。为了说明理论模型,分析了一个量子点微柱腔强耦合(SC)实验。经研究发现耦合系统在稳态时抽运产生一个新的强耦合标准,抽运可以抑制或者增强强耦合;腔发射谱双峰结构并不是强耦合的明确特征,它还依赖于非相干抽运。研究表明,强耦合经常出现变相的单峰而弱耦合(WC)出现双峰结构与系统所控制的参数值密切相关。激子抽运增加时,腔发射谱由双峰逐渐变成增宽的单峰最后变成窄的单峰;腔衰减率增加时,均为双峰结构的腔发射光谱经历了从强耦合到弱耦合的转变。量子点腔失谐系统有效耦合强度与非相干抽运密切相关。     

利用多层堆垛InAs/GaAs量子点结构实现1.3μm光致发光

在GaAs衬底上用分子束外延分别生长了单层和五层垂直堆垛的InAs/GaAs量子点结构.室温光致发光实验表明,五层堆垛结构较单层结构的发光峰位红移180nm,实现了1.3μm发光.结合透射电镜分析,多层堆垛量子点材料发光的显著红移是由于量子点层间应力耦合导致的上层量子点体积增大以及各量子点层间的能态耦合.     

利用多层堆垛InAs/GaAs量子点结构实现1.3μm光致发光

在GaAs衬底上用分子束外延分别生长了单层和五层垂直堆垛的InAs/GaAs量子点结构.室温光致发光实验表明,五层堆垛结构较单层结构的发光峰位红移180nm,实现了1.3μm发光.结合透射电镜分析,多层堆垛量子点材料发光的显著红移是由于量子点层间应力耦合导致的上层量子点体积增大以及各量子点层间的能态耦合.     

单电子器件中电子在耦合能级上的几率分布

两量子点耦合时,根据简并态微扰理论,单量子点的一个能级分裂为系统的两个能级,即对称态和反对称态,当单电子从外部隧穿进入一个量子点时,则电子在两耦合的量子点间振荡,本文讨论了电子在两能级上分布几率随时间的演化规律。     

液滴外延自组织GaAs纳米结构

介绍了利用液滴外延法在晶格匹配体系AlGaAs/GaAs上自组织生长几种GaAs纳米结构.实验证实Ga液滴的形貌随晶化温度和As束流的不同而发生变化,形成一些有趣的GaAs纳米结构,如量子点、量子单环、量子双环、耦合量子双环和中国古币形状等.本文对这些纳米结构的生长机制进行了讨论.     

液滴外延自组织GaAs纳米结构

介绍了利用液滴外延法在晶格匹配体系AlGaAs/GaAs上自组织生长几种GaAs纳米结构.实验证实Ga液滴的形貌随晶化温度和As束流的不同而发生变化,形成一些有趣的GaAs纳米结构,如量子点、量子单环、量子双环、耦合量子双环和中国古币形状等.本文对这些纳米结构的生长机制进行了讨论.     

ZnCdSe量子阱/CdSe量子点耦合结构中的激子复合

采用MOCVD方法制备了ZnCdSe量子阱/CdSe量子点耦合结构,利用低温(5K)光致发光光谱和变密度发光光谱研究了该结构中的激子隧穿和复合.观察到在该结构中存在由量子阱到量子点的激子隧穿现象.改变垒层厚度会对量子阱和量子点的发光产生显著影响.在垒层较薄的阱/点耦合结构中,隧穿效应可以有效地抑制量子阱中的带填充和饱和效应.     

利用能量过滤TEM获取外延量子点的成分信息

半导体量子点应用于许多关键的现代科学技术中。量子点的尺寸和成分对决定量子点光电性质十分重要。由于量子点的尺寸很小，表征量子点的成分及其分布是一项很有挑战性的任务。本文综述了能量过滤透射电子显微术如何应用于量子点成分的研究。     

GaAs structures with InAs and As quantum dots produced in a single molecular beam epitaxy process

Epitaxial GaAs layers containing InAs semiconductor quantum dots and As metal quantum dots are grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The InAs quantum dots are formed by the Stranskii-Krastanow mechanism, whereas the As quantum dots are self-assembled in the GaAs layer grown at low temperature with a large As excess. The microstructure of the samples is studied by transmission electron microscopy. It is established that the As metal quantum dots formed in the immediate vicinity of the InAs semiconductor quantum dots are larger in size than the As quantum dots formed far from the InAs quantum dots. This is apparently due to the effect of strain fields of the InAs quantum dots upon the self-assembling of As quantum dots. Another phenomenon apparently associated with local strains around the InAs quantum dots is the formation of V-like defects (stacking faults) during the overgrowth of the InAs quantum dots with the GaAs layer by low-temperature molecular beam epitaxy. Such defects have a profound effect on the self-assembling of As quantum dots. Specifically, on high-temperature annealing needed for the formation of large-sized As quantum dots by Ostwald ripening, the V-like defects bring about the dissolution of the As quantum dots in the vicinity of the defects. In this case, excess arsenic most probably diffuses towards the open surface of the sample via the channels of accelerated diffusion in the planes of stacking faults.     

渐逝波耦合半导体量子点光纤放大器

基于半导体量子点的特性,结合光纤渐逝波耦合器,提出了一种新型的光纤放大器件,它将以溶液形式的硫化铅(PbS)半导体量子点材料沉积于耦合器熔锥区,信号光和抽运光通过渐逝波共同与半导体量子点材料相互作用,实现光的放大作用。PbS量子点材料是采用工艺容易控制的反胶束法制备的,通过透射电镜(TEM)测量得到其粒子尺寸小于10 nm。利用工作波长为980 nm,功率为30 mW的半导体激光器抽运光源对该光纤放大器抽运,在1310 nm波段得到了大于4 dB的增益,这是半导体量子点尺寸效应引起的光谱蓝移现象的体现。因此,这种有源区短、器件结构紧凑的光纤放大器在高速、宽带光纤接入等领域具有重要的实际意义和应用价值。     

Quantum dot-based quantum buses for quantum computer hardware architecture

We propose a quantum bus based on semiconductor self-assembled quantum dots. This allows for transmission of qubits between the different quantum registers, and could be integrated in most of the present proposal for semiconductor quantum dot-based quantum computation.     

Quantum-Dot Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers

This paper reviews the recent progress of quantum-dot semiconductor optical amplifiers developed as ultrawideband polarization-insensitive high-power amplifiers, high-speed signal regenerators, and wideband wavelength converters. A semiconductor optical amplifier having a gain of > 25 dB, noise figure of < 5 dB, and 3-dB saturation output power of > 20 dBm, over the record widest bandwidth of 90 nm among all kinds of optical amplifiers, and also having a penalty-free output power of 23 dBm, the record highest among all the semiconductor optical amplifiers, was realized by using quantum dots. By utilizing isotropically shaped quantum dots, the TM gain, which is absent in the standard Stranski-Krastanow QDs, has been drastically enhanced, and nearly polarization-insensitive SOAs have been realized for the first time. With an ultrafast gain response unique to quantum dots, an optical regenerator having receiver-sensitivity improving capability of 4 dB at a BER of 10^-9 and operating speed of > 40 Gb/s has been successfully realized with an SOA chip. This performance achieved together with simplicity of structure suggests a potential for low-cost realization of regenerative transmission systems.     

Room-temperature 1.5–1.6 µm photoluminescence from InGaAs/GaAs heterostructures grown at low substrate temperature

Heterostructures with In(Ga)As/GaAs quantum dots and quantum wells grown at low substrate temperature were studied by reflection high-energy electron diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and photoluminescence methods. It is shown that InAs deposited onto (100) GaAs surface at low substrate temperature forms 2D clusters composed of separate quantum dots. Optical spectra of structures containing such clusters demonstrate emission in the 1.5–1.6 μm range. __________ Translated from Fizika i Tekhnika Poluprovodnikov, Vol. 37, No. 12, 2003, pp. 1456–1460. Original Russian Text Copyright ? 2003 by Tonkikh, Tsyrlin, Talalaev, Novikov, Egorov, Polyakov, Samsonenko, Ustinov, Zakharov, Werner.     

Gain characteristics of quantum-dot injection lasers

The current dependence of the optical gain in lasers based on self-organized InGaAs quantum dots in a AlGaAs/GaAs matrix is investigated experimentally. A transition from lasing via the ground state of quantum dots to lasing via an excited state is observed. The saturated gain in the latter case is approximately four times greater than for the ground state. This result is attributable to the fourfold degeneracy of the excited level of quantum dots. The effect of the density of the quantum-dot array on the threshold characteristics is investigated. A lower-density array of dots is characterized by a lower threshold current density in the low-loss regime, because the transmission current is lower, while dense quantum-dot arrays characterized by a high saturated gain are preferable at high threshold gains. Fiz. Tekh. Poluprovodn. 33, 1111–1114 (September 1999)     

飞秒激光流动烧蚀制备ZnSe有机复合量子点

采用飞秒激光流动烧蚀法制备了聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)包覆的ZnSe量子点水相分散液。水相分散液外观呈现亮黄色透明液体状。多个ZnSe有机复合量子点在水中聚集形成球形胶束,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)检测发现,胶束粒径为40~100 nm。利用高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)研究ZnSe晶体学特性变化,结果表明制得的ZnSe量子点保持了块体ZnSe的立方闪锌矿晶型。该ZnSe有机复合量子点的水分散液在365 nm紫外光照射下显示出明亮的绿色荧光,荧光中心波长约在500 nm处。采用光致发光光谱和紫外可见吸收光谱研究了该有机复合量子点的pH值响应特性,结果表明随着分散液中pH值由9降低到4,光致发光光谱显示出蓝移特性,波长最大蓝移量为25 nm。讨论了绿色荧光的来源与荧光波长调谐的可能机理。     

单分散闪锌矿型CdSe量子点的合成及表征

采用TOPO辅助油相合成的化学方法制备出单分散的CdSe量子点。通过透射电子显微镜、X射线粉末衍射、粒径分布、紫外-可见吸收光谱和光致发光谱等多种测试手段对产物进行了表征,结果表明,CdSe量子点具有闪锌矿型(立方)晶体结构、粒径均匀、尺寸分布窄、发光性能良好的特点。此外,对闪锌矿型CdSe量子点的形成进行了初步分析。