基于倒扣技术的Ka波段环形混频器

给出了一种应用在毫米波前端的单平衡环形混频器。该混频器采用高介电常数的复合材料(R ogersDuro id3010,rε=10.2),以获得较小的芯片面积;电路设计中重点考虑了在较低的本振功率的情况下获得较小的变频损耗,并给出了一种新的混合环的分析方法。当本振在36.5 GH z有9 dBm的功率输入时,混频器有7 dB的变频损耗,双边带噪声系数11.5 dB,本振到中频和射频到中频分别有40.5 dB和31 dB的隔离度。     

基于新型宽带半模SIW巴伦的双平衡混频器

利用新型宽带半模基片集成波导(SIW)巴伦,设计制作了一个X波段双平衡混频器.利用SIW上下导带电流相位相差180°的原理,经优化设计使该巴伦具有体积小、带宽大、平衡性好等特点.测试结果表明,该双平衡混频器在8.7～9.7GHz的频率范围内变频损耗小于9dB,最小可达7.3dB;噪声系数小于10dB,实物面积为60mm×68mm.     

宽带混频器的优化设计

采用0.25μm GaAs赝配高电子迁移率晶体管(PHEMT)工艺设计并实现了一款单片宽带混频器.该混频器采用双平衡混频器结构,以串联的两个漏源相连的PHEMT作为环形二极管电桥中的二极管以提升混频器线性度.本振巴伦和射频巴伦均采用螺旋线式Marchand巴伦,为降低巴伦的幅度及相位不平衡度,采用遗传算法对巴伦的几何参数进行了优化设计.该混频器电路采用0.25 μm GaAs PHEMT工艺实现,芯片面积为1.5mm×1.1 mm.测试结果表明,当本振功率为20 dBm时,变频损耗小于7 dB,输入三阶交调点ⅡP3大于22 dBm.本振端口到射频端口和中频端口的隔离度均大于30 dB.     

GaAs单片二极管双平衡混频器

采用0.25μm的GaAs工艺制作了一款单片二极管双平衡混频器。基于环形二极管双平衡混频器的基本工作原理,提出了LO巴伦与RF巴伦的区别所在,并以Marchand巴伦为LO巴伦,以triformer巴伦作为RF巴伦。在优化了局部电路后,再与环形二极管组成整体电路,并对整体电路进行了优化。最后对版图进行EM仿真,并稍作调整以改善EM仿真结果。当本振功率在13dBm时,实测得转换损耗在低本振和高本振下约为11.5dB和10.5dB,LO端口到IF端口和RF端口隔离度分别为30dB和35dB,LO端口和RF端口驻波分别小于2和3.5,实测结果与仿真结果基本一致。     

基于LTCC技术的C频段星载接收机混频器

利用低温共烧陶瓷(LowTemperature Co-fired Ceramic,简称LTCC)技术,设计制作了一种可应用于C频段星载接收机的双平衡混频器。该混频器将射频和本振巴伦等无源器件集成在多层LTCC基板内,实现了电路的小型化、高集成度和高可靠性。测试表明,当射频输入为5.925～6.425GHz、本振频率为2.225GHz、中频输出频率为3.7～4.2GHz时,混频器的变频损耗≤9.3dB,P1dB为5.7dBm,本振到射频和本振到中频的隔离度分别为39.44dB和35.58dB。混频器的尺寸为40×22×1.92mm3。     

双平衡混频器设计与研究

在射频电路的前端,混频器是实现频谱搬移的重要器件,是十分重要的模块。采用Win公司砷化镓工艺,设计了一款二极管双平衡混频器,其中巴伦采用平面螺旋式结构,用ADS软件进行各部分电路设计、仿真,从功能仿真图中看到输出信号的频谱中有需要的中频频率成分,验证了混频器频谱搬移的功能,在所设计的频段耦合度和隔离度能够满足要求。其中射频端口和本振端口的频率为0.8~1.2 GHz,中频频率DC~300 MHz,变频损耗8~10 dB,噪声系数9 dB左右,芯片面积0.9 mm×1 mm。     

基于新型超宽带平面巴伦的双平衡混频器

首次基于新型超宽带平面巴伦,设计了工作于超宽带(3.1¹0.6GHz)频段的二极管双平衡混频器。微带到槽线过渡巴伦具有高通性质,可以阻断直流和中频分量,而微带到共面带线(CPS)过渡巴伦可以提供中频和直流回路,二者与交叉二极管对一起构成平面超宽带双平衡混频器。同时,可在中频端口串接宽阻带低通滤波器,进一步改善射频(RF)和本振(LO)端口到中频(IF)端口的隔离度。根据测试结果,当射频和本振信号工作于3.110.6GHz)频段的二极管双平衡混频器。微带到槽线过渡巴伦具有高通性质,可以阻断直流和中频分量,而微带到共面带线(CPS)过渡巴伦可以提供中频和直流回路,二者与交叉二极管对一起构成平面超宽带双平衡混频器。同时,可在中频端口串接宽阻带低通滤波器,进一步改善射频(RF)和本振(LO)端口到中频(IF)端口的隔离度。根据测试结果,当射频和本振信号工作于3.1¹0.6GHz,中频在DC10.6GHz,中频在DC¹00MHz时,变频损耗小于13dB,三个端口之间的隔离度大于25dB。     

一种高线性短波宽带混频器的设计

采用双平衡场效应管结构和阻抗匹配技术设计了一种适用于短波宽带接收机的高线性混频器,通过调整场效应管的沟道宽度和偏置电压优化了混频器的性能指标.该混频器射频输入频率为1.5～ 30 MHz,本振输入频率为71.5～100MHz,中频输出频率为70 MHz.测试结果表明:输入三阶截点高于40 dBm,变频损耗小于7dB,1 dB压缩点高于12 dBm,单边带噪声系数小于7dB.     

GaAs MMIC宽带双平衡混频器的研制

采用GaAs肖特基二极管工艺,设计并制造了一款宽带无源双平衡混频器,射频、本振频率为1.5～3.7 GHz,变频损耗小于10 dB,本振到射频隔离度大于35 dB,中频带宽DC～0.8 GHz.该混频器采用了环形二极管和螺旋式巴伦结构,在获得良好的变频损耗与隔离度的同时,显著减小了芯片面积,整体芯片尺寸为1.2 mm × 1.2 mm.     

一种2. 8～6GHz 单片双平衡无源混频器

采用WIN 0.15μm GaAs pHEMT 工艺研制了2.8~6 GHz 的片上双平衡无源混频器。混频器在本振端和射频端均采用不同尺寸的螺旋型Marchand 巴伦结构,不仅大大缩小了芯片尺寸,并且在没有外加补偿电路的情况下,在2.8 ~6 GHz 频带范围内均取得良好匹配。测试结果表明,混频器的变频损耗小于8 dB,射频端口反射系数小于-10 dB,LO 到RF 的隔离度大于40 dB,输入1 dB 压缩点大于10 dBm,输入三阶交调阻断点大于17 dBm。仿真与实测结果对应良好,芯片总面积为1.4 mm×1.1 mm。     

2.4GHz带片上非平衡变压器射频前端的设计与优化

本文介绍了一种工作在2.4GHz频段的低功耗、低噪声、高线性射频接收机前端电路,该接收前端电路使用新型的带三种增益模式的LNA,并提出一种新的片上非平衡变压器优化技术。前端电路采用了直接变频结构,使用片上非平衡变压器实现低噪声放大器与下变频混频器之间的单端-差分转换,优化设计以提高前端电路的噪声性能。本文使用锗硅0.35um BiCMOS工艺,所采用的技术同样适用于CMOS工艺。前端电路总的最大转换增益为36dB;在高增益模式下的双边带噪声系数为3.8dB;低增益模式下,输入三阶交调点位12.5dBm。为了获得最大的输入动态范围,低噪声放大器采用三种可调增益模式,低增益模式使用by-pass结构,大大提高了大信号输入下接收前端的线性度。下变频混频器在输出端使用可调R-C tank,滤除带外高频杂波。混频器输出使用射极跟随器作为输出极驱动片外50ohm负载。该接收前端在2.85-V电源供电下,功耗为33mW,芯片面积为0.66mm2。     

A planar quasi-optical SIS receiver

A planar, quasi-optical SIS (superconductor-insulator-superconductor) receiver operating at 230 GHz is described. The receiver consists of a 2×5 array of half-wave dipole antennas with niobium-aluminum oxide-niobium SIS junctions on a quartz dielectric-filled parabola. The 1.4-GHz intermediate frequency is coupled from the mixer via coplanar strip transmission lines and 4:1 balun transformers. The receiver is operated at 4.2 K in a liquid helium immersion cryostat. Accurate measurements of the performance of single untuned array receiver elements are reported. A mixer noise temperature of 89 K DSB (double sideband), receiver noise temperature of 156 K DSB and conversion loss of 8 dB into a matched load have been obtained. This mixer noise temperature is approximately a factor of two larger than that of current state of the art waveguide mixers using untuned single junctions a the same frequency     

Design and optimization of a 2.4 GHz RF front-end with an on-chip balun

A 2.4 GHz low-power,low-noise and highly linear receiver front-end with a low noise amplifier(LNA) and balun optimization is presented.Direct conversion architecture is employed for this front-end.The on-chip balun is designed for single-to-differential conversion between the LNA and the down-conversion mixer,and is optimized for the best noise performance of the front-end.The circuit is implemented with 0.35μm SiGe BiCMOS technology.The front-end has three gain steps for maximization of the input dynamic range.The overall maximum gain is about 36 dB.The double-sideband noise figure is 3.8 dB in high gain mode and the input referred third-order intercept point is 12.5 dBm in low gain mode.The down-conversion mixer has a tunable parallel R-C load at the output and an emitter follower is used as the output stage for testing purposes.The total front-end dissipation is 33 mW under a 2.85 V supply and occupies a 0.66 mm~2 die size.     

Design and Performance Analysis of an Octave Bandwidth Waveguide Mixer

A new broad-band mixer capable of operating over two full adjacent waveguide bands (18 to 26.5 GHz and 26.5 to 40 GHz) is described. Within the octave bandwidth from 20 to 40 GHz, the maximum conversion loss is 6.5 dB with a corresponding average DSB noise figure of 5.7 dB. A theoretical analysis is given to treat quantitatively the performance of the octave bandwidth waveguide mixer.     

A 0.18μm CMOS gain-switched LNA and mixer with large dynamic range

A 2.4GHz 0.18μm CMOS gain-switched single-end Low Noise Amplifier （LNA） and a passive mixer with no external balun for near-zero-IF （Intermediate Frequency）/RF （Radio Frequency） applications are described. The LNA, fabricated in the 0.18μm 1P6M CMOS technology, adopts a gain-switched technique to increase the linearity and enlarge the dynamic range. The mixer is an IQ-based passive topology. Measurements of the CMOS chip are performed on the FR-4 PCB and the input is matched to 50Ω. Combining LNA and mixer, the front-end measured performances in high gain state are： -15dB of Sll, 18.5dB of voltage gain, 4.6dB of noise figure, 15dBm of IIP3, 85dBm to -10dBm dynamic range. The full circuit drains 6mA from a 1.8V supply.     

A 0.18μm CMOS GAIN-SWITCHED LNA AND MIXER WITH LARGE DYNAMIC RANGE

A 2.4GHz 0.18μm CMOS gain-switched single-end Low Noise Amplifier(LNA) and a passive mixer with no external balun for near-zero-IF(Intermediate Frequency)/RF(Radio Frequency) applications are described.The LNA,fabricated in the 0.18μm 1P6M CMOS technology,adopts a gain-switched technique to increase the linearity and enlarge the dynamic range.The mixer is an IQ-based passive topology.Measurements of the CMOS chip are performed on the FR-4 PCB and the input is matched to 50Ω.Combining LNA and mixer,the front...     

Highly linear and low noise 2.4 GHz RF front-end circuits using transformer and vertical NPN BJT

The proposed RF front-end circuits consist of a low noise amplifier using an on-chip transformer and a downconversion mixer using a parasitic vertical bipolar junction transistor and have been implemented in 0.18 mum deep n-well CMOS process. A gain of 33 dB, an IIP3 of -12 dBm, and a DSB noise figure of 4.5 dB have been achieved while consuming 5 mW from a 1.8 V supply     

A low power dual-band multi-mode RF front-end for GNSS applications

A CMOS dual-band multi-mode RF front-end for the global navigation satellite system receivers of all GPS,Bei-Dou,Galileo and Glonass systems is presented.It consists of a reconfigurable low noise amplifier(LNA),a broadband active balun,a high linearity mixer and a bandgap reference(BGR) circuit.The effect of the input parasitic capacitance on the input impedance of the inductively degenerated common source LNA is analyzed in detail.By using two different LC networks at the input port and the switched cap...     

一个应用于卫星导航接收机的低功耗可配置双频多模射频前端

本文给出了一个应用于GPS、北斗、伽利略和Glonass四种卫星导航接收机的高性能双频多模射频前端。该射频前端主要包括有可配置的低噪声放大器、宽带有源单转双电路、高线性度的混频器和带隙基准电路。详细分析了寄生电容对源极电感负反馈低噪声放大器输入匹配的影响,通过在输入端使用两个不同的LC匹配网络和输出端使用开关电容的方法使低噪声放大器可以工作在1.2GHz和1.5GHz频带。同时使用混联的有源单转双电路在较大的带宽下仍能获得较好的平衡度。另外,混频器采用MGTR技术在低功耗的条件下来获得较高的线性度,并不恶化电路的其他性能。测试结果表明：在1227.6MHz和1557.42MHz频率下,噪声系数分别为2.1dB和2.0dB,增益分别为33.9dB和33.8dB,输入1dB压缩点分别0dBm和1dBm,在1.8V电源电压下功耗为16mW。     

应用于软件无线电接收机中的无源下变频混频器

设计了一个应用于软件无线电接收机中的宽带无源下变频混频器,采用SMIC 0.13μm RF工艺实现,芯片面积0.42 mm<'2>.测试结果表明:在1.2 V电源电压下消耗了9 mA电流,工作频段0.9～2.2 GHz,电压转换增益17 dB,HP3 6～7 dBm,IIP2 40～42 dBm,DSB NF 17.5...