兰坪氧化铅锌矿石中石膏的发现以及对选矿工艺的影响

兰坪氧化铅锌矿的选矿长久以来是选矿界的难题。在查明该矿石物质组成的基础上,采用多种手段揭示了兰坪氧化铅锌矿中存在可溶性盐石膏,正是由于可溶性盐石膏的存在,致使矿浆中含有大量钙离子,钙离子比铅锌离子的活度更大,故与加入硫化钠中的硫离子优先生成硫化钙,从而致使在氧化锌矿物表面难以生成硫化锌,并消耗大量硫化钠。采取预处理措施将大部分石膏除去后,大大改善了氧化锌矿物的硫化效果,硫化钠用量显著降低。     

铅锌选矿废水对硫化铅浮选的影响研究

针对铅锌选矿废水对硫化铅浮选的不利影响,分析废水的主要成分及影响硫化铅矿浮选的主要原因,揭示选矿废水影响硫化铅矿浮选的机理。铅锌选矿废水具有金属离子种类多、固体悬浮物含量高、COD高、pH高的特点。考察了pH、各种离子含量对硫化铅矿可浮性的影响。结果表明,钙离子对硫化铅矿浮选的影响较大;选矿废水中钙离子浓度高主要是因铅锌矿浮选工艺使用大量石灰作抑制剂所致;钙离子改变硫化铅矿物可浮性的主要原因是影响捕收剂在矿物表面的吸附。     

广西下雷碳酸锰矿矿石工艺特征

本文对下雷锰矿的主要矿物及矿物集合体的工艺特征进行了详细研究,划分了矿石类型;查明锰及其他有害元素的赋存状态,分布规律及在选矿工艺中的行为;对矿石可选性,选矿产品的研究,查明了影响选矿指标及产品质量的主要因素。该矿的矿物成分复杂,粒度细,矿物间相互穿插嵌生,只能选取富锰集合体。     

钙离子对铝土矿选择性絮凝的影响及消除的试验研究

采用沉降试验方法, 研究了钙离子对一水硬铝石、高岭石、伊利石和叶腊石单矿物分散性能的影响规律。结果表明, 碱性条件下, 钙离子对矿物的分散性影响较大, 一水硬铝石、高岭石和叶腊石的聚沉十分明显, 原来的分散体状态被破坏。虽然采用碳酸钠和三聚磷酸钠均可消除体系中的钙离子, 但单矿物和实际矿石试验结果均表明, 三聚磷酸钠是硬水体系下的良好调整剂, 在消除了钙离子影响的同时, 可得到与软水条件下相同的分离效果和指标。在碱性条件下, 一羟基钙络合物和氢氧化钙沉淀在矿物表面的吸附造成了矿物颗粒间的凝聚。碳酸钠主要与钙离子反应生成碳酸钙沉淀, 而三聚磷酸钠则与钙离子形成稳定的环状内络物(螯合物), 从而消除了钙离子的聚沉作用。     

某铜镍多金属硫化矿工艺矿物学

本文研究了某铜镍多金属硫化矿的工艺矿物学,结果表明该矿石原矿中主要有用矿物为镍黄铁矿和黄铜矿,主要金属硫化物为磁黄铁矿,少量黄铁矿。脉石矿物主要为蛇纹石、橄榄石和阳起石等镁硅酸盐矿物。矿石具有较高的综合回收利用价值,建议开展对该矿铂、钯、金、银的赋存状态研究和相应的选矿工艺研究,以最大限度地回收该矿中贵金属矿物。      

金顶氧化锌矿工艺矿物学特征及对工艺利用的影响

为开展云南兰坪金顶氧化锌矿的矿石可选性试验,进行了该矿的工艺矿物学研究。确定了矿石的矿物组成,其中主要的金属元素铅、锌分别赋存于红锌矿、菱锌矿、闪锌矿、氧化铅、方铅矿等矿物中。分类鉴定表明,可以对不同密度的矿物进行分类,但各种类矿物混杂严重,不能有效的分离,主要原因为矿物结晶差,嵌布粒度偏细,因此采用机械选矿方法选别效果差,而采用湿法冶金是该矿获得利用的较佳途径。     

研山铁矿石工艺矿物学研究

为了给研山铁矿选矿指标的改善提供基础依据,通过工艺矿物学研究查明了该矿东、西部矿石的物质组成、结构构造、主要矿物赋存特征、铁矿物的嵌布粒度和解离性能。根据工艺矿物学研究结果,指出研山铁矿要改善选矿指标主要应从做好东、西部矿石的配矿工作和优化磨矿工艺两方面入手。     

某难选钼钨矿工艺矿物学研究

对某大型钼钨矿进行了工艺矿物学研究,确定了该矿主要矿物组成及含量,并详细研究了钼、钨类矿物的化学成分、粒度和嵌布特征以及钼、钨等元素的赋存状态。该矿含钼、钨的矿物种类复杂多样,主要为辉钼矿、钼华、白钨矿、钨钼钙矿。矿石中含有一定量的碳酸盐、滑石、石膏、皂石和蛇纹石,这些脉石矿物严重影响钼、钨的选别。     

某银多金属矿工艺矿物学及选矿试验结果

本论文针对某银多金属矿矿物组成种类繁多、矿石性质复杂、选矿难度大、选矿指标不理想等问题,开展了详细工艺矿物学研究,分析了原矿矿物组成、有价组分种类、矿石结构构造及赋存状态,并在此基础上报道了选矿试验研究结果。研究结果表明,该矿主要有价金属为铜铅锌银,主要金属矿物有黄铜矿、方铅矿、闪锌矿及黄铁矿,银金属主要赋存于黄铜矿与方铅矿中,小型闭路试验成功实现该银铜铅锌多金属矿浮选分离富集,并获得了理想的选矿指标。     

西藏某铅锌矿工艺矿物学研究

针对西藏某地铅锌矿石进行了工艺矿物学研究。利用多种分析检测手段对矿石的化学成分、矿物组成、矿石粒度以及矿石结构等进行了详细研究。西藏某地铅锌矿矿石矿物成分复杂,主要有用矿物有方铅矿、闪锌矿等,其中铅、锌主要以硫化物形式存在。该矿属于典型的易浮难选矿。脉石矿物主要有石英、白云母和高岭土。矿石结构较为复杂,以它形粒状及乳滴状结构为主。详细的工艺矿物学研究为西藏某地铅锌矿石选矿工艺的选择和开发提供了理论数据。     

Impact of gypsum supersaturated solution on surface properties of silica and sphalerite minerals

In some sulphide mineral flotation operations, the process water contains high concentrations of calcium and sulphate ions that exceed the solubility limit of gypsum. It has been speculated that the gypsum supersaturated process water would lead to precipitation of gypsum which could coat on mineral surfaces by either nucleation or coagulation, resulting in reduced flotation recovery and selectivity. In this study, a laboratory prepared gypsum supersaturated solution is used to represent the gypsum supersaturated process water, the effect of gypsum supersaturated solution on the surface properties of silica and sphalerite minerals was investigated using zeta potential distribution measurements, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). Our results show that silica and sphalerite minerals carry identical surface charge (−10 mV of zeta potential) in the gypsum supersaturated solution at pH 10 although they are charged differently in simple electrolyte solution at the same pH. Needle shape gypsum precipitates are found in both silica and sphalerite minerals systems conditioned with gypsum supersaturated solution. The gypsum precipitates do not grow on the minerals surfaces but form in the bulk gypsum supersaturated solution. The heterocoagulation between the examined minerals and gypsum particles is insignificant in the gypsum supersaturated solution. It is the high calcium concentration in the gypsum supersaturated solution that has significant effect on the surface properties of silica and sphalerite minerals. The zeta potentials of silica and sphalerite in a 800 ppm calcium solution (similar to the calcium concentration in the gypsum supersaturated solution) are similar to those measured in the gypsum supersaturated solutions. Both silica and sphalerite minerals surfaces are indiscriminately coated with calcium. The surface coating of calcium results in the identical surfaces between silica and sphalerite minerals, and ultimately causes problems for the flotation separation of silica and sphalerite.     

The interaction of clay minerals with gypsum and its effects on copper–gold flotation

The interaction of two clay minerals, kaolinite and bentonite with gypsum and its effects on the flotation of a copper–gold ore was investigated in this study. It was found that bentonite increased the viscosity more than kaolinite when mixed with the copper–gold ore at low shear rates. The detrimental effect of these clay minerals on flotation was attributed to the entrainment of clay particles when kaolinite was added to the ore and to a decrease in true flotation by bentonite. Bentonite formed a sponge-like structure with predominant edge–edge (E–E) interactions which might affect hydrodynamics in the flotation cell and have a detrimental effect on flotation recovery. Kaolinite did not form a particular network structure and its aggregates mostly consisted of face–face (F–F) type associations which did not affect flotation hydrodynamics. The addition of gypsum to the ore–bentonite mixture inhibited the formation of interconnected network structures. This led to lower viscosity values with flotation behaviour similar to that of mixtures with kaolinite. In this case, there was an improvement in recovery, but the grade decreased due to entrainment. The addition of gypsum to the ore–kaolinite mixture created aggregates with long strings further enhancing particle entrainment with more mass transported to the froth.     

某低品位硫化镍铜矿工艺矿物学研究

某镍铜矿随着不断深部开采,矿石逐渐趋于“贫细杂”,给该资源的综合利用造成一定的困难。本文对该镍铜矿进行详细的的工艺矿物学特征研究,为该矿石的高效回收提供技术支撑。研究表明,该矿石属硫化型镍铜矿石,Ni品位0.38%,硫化率84.00%,Cu品位0.09%,硫化率97.24%,铜氧化率低,对铜的浮选回收有利；Co、Au、Ag可考虑综合回收。矿石中金属硫化矿物主要为磁黄铁矿、镍黄铁矿,其次为黄铁矿、黄铜矿、少量及微量针镍矿、闪锌矿、红砷镍矿、辉砷镍矿和方铅矿。脉石矿物中片状或纤状矿物较多,在磨矿过程中易集中于相对较粗的粒级,且有部分含镍滑石浮于矿浆表面,易进入精矿。因此,筛选对滑石等易浮脉石的抑制剂至关重要。矿石中硫酸镍为水溶性镍,如碧矾、含镁碧矾等,硅酸镍为以离子状态被某些硅酸盐矿物吸附或与其钙镁离子置换形成的含镍硅酸盐矿物,氧化镍为由于氧化作用残留于磁性铁中的镍,这三类矿物均为氧化作用的产物,是浮选难以富集的,影响镍的回收。     

Impact of gypsum supersaturated process water on the interactions between silica and zinc sulphide minerals

Flotation recovery and selectivity problems have been reported in the flotation of fine sulphide minerals in gypsum supersaturated process water. In this study, the effect of gypsum supersaturated solution on the interactions between silica and sphalerite (ZnS) minerals was examined by observing deposition behaviour of silica nanoparticles on sphalerite surface using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). Significant deposition of silica nanoparticles on ZnS coated sensor surface was observed in the gypsum supersaturated solution, indicating consequential slime coating of silica fines on sphalerite mineral surface. Substantial deposition of silica nanoparticles on SiO₂ coated surface was also observed suggesting strong homo-aggregation of silica fines in the gypsum supersaturated solution. The interaction behaviour between silica–sphalerite and silica–silica is mainly attributed to the high calcium concentration of the gypsum supersaturated solution. Similar deposition behaviour of silica nanoparticles onto ZnS or SiO₂ coated sensor surface was observed in 800 ppm calcium solution, which is similar to the calcium concentration of the gypsum supersaturated solution. Colloidal force measurement between a silica particle and a fractured sphalerite surface or a silica wafer surface by an atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed attractive van der Waals force between the mineral particles in both gypsum supersaturated solution and 800 ppm calcium solution. The high calcium concentration of the gypsum supersaturated solution induced the hetero-aggregation between silica and sphalerite, accounting for the observed decrease in flotation selectivity.     

钼钨浮选生产回水对脂肪烃类捕收剂选钼效果的影响

通过对大量的实际矿石试验,研究钼钨浮选生产回水中有害成分对脂肪烃类捕收剂选钼效果的影响。结果表明,由于钼钨选矿回水中钙离子对辉钼矿颗粒"棱"发生特征吸附,并在辉钼矿颗粒"棱"上生成一层亲水性钼酸钙薄膜,使辉钼矿可浮性变差,造成粗粒级和微细粒级辉钼矿颗粒选钼回收率大幅度降低,影响了脂肪烃类捕收剂选钼效果。     

甘肃某含钪钛铁矿工艺矿物学研究

采用扫描电子显微镜、电子探针、X射线衍射分析等技术手段,基本查明了甘肃某含钪钛铁矿的工艺矿物学性质。结果表明,矿石中铁、钛矿物总量较低,为低硫低磷含钪低品位钛铁矿矿石;主要脉石矿物为角闪石、长石,其次为辉石,伴生元素钪主要分布在角闪石中;矿石中磁铁矿和钛铁矿主要毗邻嵌布在脉石粒间或呈不规则粒状嵌布在脉石中,嵌布粒度相对较粗,磁性相对较强;在主要脉石矿物中,角闪石伴生元素钪,粒度较粗,为电磁性硅酸盐矿物,长石呈它形粒状嵌布在暗色硅酸盐矿物粒间或被其包裹,无磁性,不含钪。根据矿石的工艺矿物学特性,该矿石宜采用粗粒抛尾进行预处理,然后采用磁选、重选等高效、低成本的工艺进行预富集,以减少后续作业的处理量,降低选矿成本。     

水质对十二酸浮选分离菱镁矿与白云石的影响研究

为了给低品位级菱镁矿石的选矿提纯提供参考,在去离子水和自来水浮选环境中考察了十二酸用量及钙镁离子对菱镁矿及白云石纯矿物浮选的影响。根据结果可知,在去离子水介质中,十二酸在一定浓度下可实现菱镁矿与白云石的分离;钙镁离子对菱镁矿与白云石的浮选分离有较大影响。     

钙镁矿物抑制硫化矿自燃机理的研究

由于钙镁矿物对硫化物的氧化具有明显的抑制作用,因此当硫化矿的顶、底板含有钙镁矿物或与硫化矿伴生,则此类硫化矿不易发生火灾,本文在论述钙镁矿物的阻燃机理的基础上,对钙镁物质抑制硫化矿自然作用做了一系列试验,进一步阐明了钙镁矿物的阻燃作用机理。根据此原理,证明水泥浆具有防灭火作用,可作为硫化矿防灭火材料。