连铸保护渣的结晶过程

 连铸保护渣在结晶器内的结晶行为无法直接观测。为了模拟保护渣在结晶器内的结晶行为，采用热丝法研究保护渣在高温下等温和连续冷却下结晶性能，直接观察保护渣析晶的全过程，发现温度影响析出晶体的形貌和结晶率。绘制保护渣TTT曲线和CCT曲线，表征保护渣析晶行为与时间、温度的关系。在冷却速率5~25 ℃/min范围内，DSC法测定保护渣结晶温度下降110 ℃；在冷却速率6~30 ℃/min范围内，热丝法测定保护渣结晶温度下降86 ℃。     

不同实验条件对冷轧双相钢高温热塑性的影响及影响机制

 采用Gleeble 2000高温力学性能模拟实验机对不同冷却速率及不同拉伸速率下600 MPa级Al Mo系冷轧双相钢高温热塑性进行了研究。结果表明,随拉伸应变速率增大,双相钢的高温热塑性明显提高;降低冷却速率,能显著提高双相钢高温区(t＞1 100 ℃)的塑性性能。为了避免铸坯在连铸过程中产生表面裂纹,矫直温度应保证在1 050~1 150 ℃范围内,同时二次冷却应采用弱冷水制度,以降低冷却速率。金相观察发现,沿奥氏体晶界呈网状分布的铁素体薄膜是造成两相区塑性低谷的主要原因,而AlN、FeO等析出相致使奥氏体单相区脆化。     

17MnNiVNbR钢的连续冷却转变行为研究

利用Formastor-FII型膨胀仪和Gleeble-3800热模拟试验机,结合显微组织观察和硬度测试,研究了压力容器用钢17MnNiVNbR的静态和动态连续冷却转变行为,并分析了热变形对相变行为的影响。实验结果表明:冷却速率较低时,17MnNiVNbR钢的相变组织为先共析铁素体和珠光体;随着冷却速率的增加,依次出现贝氏体和马氏体。热变形能提高铁素体、珠光体和贝氏体的相变温度,并使连续冷却转变曲线向左上方移动。     

奥氏体形变对50CrV4钢相变行为的影响

利用Thermecmastor-Z型热模拟试验机,结合金相显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、维氏硬度计等,系统研究了奥氏体区变形对50CrV4钢连续冷却相变和等温相变规律的影响。建立了试验钢动态CCT曲线。研究结果表明,奥氏体变形能促进连续冷却转变过程中铁素体-珠光体、贝氏体转变,但亦可提高奥氏体的机械稳定性,进而抑制马氏体转变,Ms点由331.6℃(奥氏体未变形)降低至291℃(950℃下变形50%+890℃下变形50%,变形速率均为5s-1,变形后冷速为20℃/s)。当轧后冷速小于0.5℃/s时,试验钢中可获得铁素体+珠光体组织。此外,在研究不同变形量对试验钢等温相变规律影响时发现,650℃等温时,试验钢中发生铁素体-珠光体相变。随着变形量的增加(由30%增加至50%),其等温相变动力学加快(相变完成时间由197.6s减小至136.5s),铁素体体晶粒尺寸、珠光体片层间距减小,硬度增加。     

奥氏体状态对 Mn-Cr 齿轮钢连续冷却相变组织的影响

使用Cleeblel500热模拟试验机研究了成分(%)为：0.23C,0.74Mn,0.90Cr 齿轮钢奥氏体晶粒尺 寸和变形(真应变量0.4)对连续冷却相变组织的影响和连续转变冷却(CCT)曲线。实验结果表明,当齿轮钢 未变形时,获得完全多边形铁素体+珠光体混合组织的临界冷速为0.5~1℃/s,冷速较快时,中温相变产物 由贝氏体及针状铁素体组成;奥氏体变形时,多边形铁素体相变开始温度升高,获得完全多边形铁素体+珠光 体混合组织冷速增大,为1~2℃/s,中温相变产物没有出现贝氏体,只有针状铁素体。     

Effect of hot deformation and Nb precipitation on continuous cooling transformation of a high-Nb steel

In this work, the effects of hot deformation on continuous cooling transformation of a high-Nb steel were investigated on a Gleeble 3500 thermal simulator. The amounts of dissolved Nb were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Furthermore, the effects of hot deformation and Nb precipitation on phase transformation were discussed. Results showed that high-Nb steel is suitable for acicular ferrite pipeline steels because the acicular ferrite microstructure can be obtained in a wide cooling rate range. Hot deformation strongly accelerates the polygonal ferrite transformation and increases the critical cooling rate to obtain a full acicular ferrite microstructure. Moreover, hot deformation markedly refines the final microstructure and improves the mechanical properties of acicular ferrite obtained at a high cooling rate. However, hot deformation can also promote Nb precipitation during holding and even cooling at low rates after hot deformation. Nb precipitation dramatically promotes the polygonal ferrite, weakens the effect of Nb in solution on phase transformation and strengthening, and decreases the microhardness.     

工艺参数对耐蚀钢12CuCrNiV组织与性能的影响

采用热力模拟试验机、光学显微镜、显微硬度计研究了耐蚀钢12CuCrNiV在不同冷却速率下的连续冷却组织转变规律,并绘制其CCT曲线,同时研究了形变温度和冷却速度对耐蚀钢热变形后的组织和硬度的影响规律。结果表明:连续冷却转变情况下,耐腐蚀钢在冷速小于15℃/s时,有铁素体转变;冷速小于1℃/s时,有珠光体转变;冷速在0.5~20℃/s之间时,有贝氏体转变。控制冷速在5~15℃/s可得到铁素体和贝氏体复相组织。随变形温度的降低,试验钢形变过程中形变诱导铁素体相变现象显著,且伴随有M/A岛生成;随冷却速度的增高,形变诱导相变现象减弱,M/A岛数量减少。与连续冷却试验相比较,形变诱导析出现象明显,其硬度增量为40~50HV,形变可使试验钢的析出向更高冷速移动。     

Continuous cooling transformation behavior of hot rolled TRIP 600 steel produced by CSP process

The continuous cooling transformation behavior of hot rolled TRIP 600 steel produced by CSP process was investigated by means of Thermecmastor- Z thermal simulation testing machine, Formastor- F full automatic transformation instrument, OM, SEM and microhardness tester. The dynamic and static continuous cooling transformation (CCT) curves of the experimental steel were obtained. And the effect of deformation on phase transformation behavior was discussed. The results show that the temperature of austenite to ferrite and the volume fraction of ferrite gradually decrease with the increase of cooling rate. The transformation temperature range of the pro- eutectoid ferrite is 480-716??. Meanwhile, the transformation temperature range of pearlite is 519-647??, and the volume fraction of pearlite     

The Beta-to-Alpha Phase Transformation in a Uranium Alloy

The behavior of the ß-to-α phase transformation during continuous cooling was studied in uranium containing 359 ppm Si and 233 ppm Fe using dilatometry and metallography. For cooling rates between 0.01 K/s and 125 K/s the transformation temperature was a linear function of the square root of the cooling rate. The average interface migration rate during transformation at 64 K undercooling was 1.04 × 10^?4 m/s. The transformation enthalpy was 2655 J/mole. The data were analyzed using the theoretical model for massive transformation due to Bhattacharya, Perepezko, and Massalski in which the transformation start was controlled by classical nucleation events without a strain energy barrier. The activation energy for atom transport during nucleation was found to be approximately two-thirds that for volume diffusion in uranium.     

CCSE船板钢连续冷却转变行为及动力学研究

 热轧在线组织性能预报系统的准确性很大程度上取决于钢的相变动力学模型,因此需要合理的模型来描述钢的相变动力学行为。采用热膨胀仪对CCSE船板钢的静态连续冷却转变曲线进行测定,并结合室温金相组织及硬度得出CCT曲线。采用Matlab编程拟合相变开始及结束温度与冷却速率之间的关系曲线,并对相变动力学模型参数进行优化,最后对比试验钢连续转变过程中的试验数据和回归模型的动力学行为曲线。结果表明,模拟计算值与试验值拟合程度很高,进一步说明该模型的合理性。     

热轧带钢新一代TMCP技术的开发与应用

热轧带钢新一代TMCP技术以超快速冷却为核心,通过冷却系统从空冷至超快冷的无级调控,利用广阔 的冷速范围及精准的温度控制,实现对带钢轧后冷却路径进行灵活的控制。有利于细晶强化、析出强化、固溶强 化、位错强化、相变强化的最佳匹配,从而使得热轧带钢产品获得优良的综合性能。新一代TMCP工艺技术具备低 成本、高效率、高均匀性、高控制精度等特征,是轧制工艺发展的重要领域之一。随着人们对带钢产品性能要求的 不断提高以及资源的日益枯竭,以超快速冷却为核心的热轧带钢新一代TMCP技术具有广阔的发展前景。     

Effect of Strain Path Reversal on Austenite Grain Subdivision and Deformation Induced Ferrite Transformation Studied by Hot Torsion

The effects of large strain and strain path reversal on the deformation microstructure evolution in austenite below the recrystallisation temperature were studied by hot torsion using a non-transforming Fe-30wt%Ni model austenitic alloy.Results show that the high angle boundaries (HABs) can be generated by both microstructure mechanism through dislocation accumulation and texture mechanism via subgrain rotation.However,multiple strain path reversals lead to less well-developed HABs in the original grains compared to single reversal deformed to the same amount of total accumulative strain.This effect is attributed to the subgrain rotation mechanism being less effective at small strains.In comparison,the same hot torsion tests were conducted using a microalloyed steel at a temperature between Ae 3 and Ar 3.After single strain path reversal,substantial deformation-induced austenite-to-ferrite phase transformation was observed.Meanwhile,a test with multiple strain path reversals but with the same total strain produces much lower levels of strain-induced ferrite formation.This difference is correlated to the observations made in the Fe-30wt%Ni model alloy.It is believed that the different amount of strain-induced ferrite originated from the different levels of strain-induced HABs within the austenite which act as ferrite nucleation sites.     

层流冷却条件下碳钢相变过程的数值模拟

 采用数值模拟的方法,结合宝钢2050热连轧层流冷却生产线,模拟研究了不同碳当量钢种在层流冷却条件下的奥氏体转变过程,计算了前段主冷、稀疏冷却、后段主冷3种冷却模式对奥氏体转变过程的影响,定量分析了带钢厚度方向不同部位处奥氏体转变的差别。结果表明:在所选定的工艺条件下,随着碳当量的增加,铁素体开始转变时间明显推迟,铁素体开始转变温度明显降低,而珠光体开始转变时间和温度变化不大;不同冷却模式下铁素体、珠光体各相开始转变时间及演变过程差别较大,但最终各相的体积分数接近一致;带钢厚度方向各部位由于冷却速度的不同而存在明显的组织不均匀性。     

热变形和冷却对700 MPa级Mo-Nb微合金化钢组织的影响

通过Gleeble 1500热模拟试验机和光学显微镜，研究了变形及冷却对700MPa级0．04C-0．27Mo-0．047Nb微合金化钢组织和硬度的影响。得出该钢的静态(不变形)和动态(变形)奥氏体连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线，高温转变区，相变产物为先共析铁素体和粒状贝氏体；中温转变区，相变产物主要为贝氏体。热变形促进了铁素体和贝氏体相变，扩大了形成铁素体的冷却速度范围，推迟了羽毛状贝氏体的形成。     

核岛用P280GH钢的冷却相变过程及数值模拟

 为了研究核岛用P280GH钢管热轧成形后的冷却过程组织演变,采用物理模拟方法建立了CCT和TTT相变动力学曲线。结果表明,低冷速会形成粗大铁素体和珠光体,增大冷速可细化低温相组织,当冷速超过10 ℃/s时即开始出现贝氏体组织。运用叠加原理,基于有限元法,建立了试验钢冷却过程数值模型,分析了[?]219.1 mm×18.26 mm规格P280GH钢管在空冷和水冷两种冷却过程沿壁厚方向温度场、组织演变规律。结果显示,空冷条件相变组织为均匀的珠光体、无贝氏体和残余奥氏体;水冷条件获得相变组织为马氏体组织,管内外表面体积分数相差3.6%,计算结果与实际热处理工况基本一致。研究结果可为热轧P280GH钢管生产的控冷工艺提供指导。     

变形工艺对微合金高强度钢组织的影响

在THERMECMASTOR-Z热模拟试验机上进行了一种微合金高强度钢在不同变形程度、变形速率、变形道次和冷却速度等工艺条件下的热模拟实验.分析比较了不同变形工艺参数对微合金高强度钢相变及组织的影响.实验结果表明,提高轧后的冷却速度使Ar3温度降低;变形速率越大相变开始温度越高;变形程度越大相变开始温度越高.增大变形程度,采用多道次轧制,轧后快速冷却,均有助于铁素体晶粒的细化和减少珠光体的含量.实验钢种的γ+α两相区的温度范围大于140 ℃.     

38MnSiVS非调质钢的相变模型

 对于热轧非调质钢棒材,轧后相变组织对最终产品的力学性能有着重要影响。为了准确预测38MnSiVS非调质钢棒材热轧后的组织演变和性能,利用热膨胀与定量金相方法,在Gleeble-3500热模拟机及Dil805淬火变形膨胀仪上分别测定了试验钢动态连续冷却转变(CCT)和动态等温转变(TTT)曲线。研究分析了冷却速率对试验钢相变及珠光体片层间距的影响,基于Esake and Pietrzyk和Zener and Hillert模型,分别建立了铁素体晶粒尺寸d_α、珠光体片层间距S_P关系式。结合动态等温转变曲线数据和Scheil叠加原理对铁素体体积分数进行了理论计算,为实际热轧生产中的组织性能控制提供理论依据。     

Phase transformation behaviour in two C–Mn–Si based steels under different cooling rates

Abstract

The continuous cooling transformation (CCT) behaviour of two C–Mn–Si based steels was investigated. The effects of chemical composition and cooling rate on γ→α transformation were studied using dilatometric measurements. Quantitative phase analysis was carried out in order to determine the effect of cooling rate on the precise phase distribution after transformation. Presence of Cr and Mo in the experimental steels appears to retard pearlitic transformation and promotes formation of acicular products (combination of acicular ferrite, Widmanstatten ferrite and bainite). Martensitic transformation also starts at a perceptibly lower cooling rate in the Mo containing alloy as compared with the one without any Mo.     

Determination of CCT diagrams by thermal analysis after simulated hot deformation processes

By use of the hot deformation simulator (Wumsi) the plane strain hot compression test permits the simulation of hot forming processes up to a logarithmic strain of 2.5, whereby the cooling rate of the specimen after the deformation can be varied within a wide range. By employing a recently developed method the (residual) strengthening S of austenite is determined during any anisothermal deformation sequence by evaluating the flow curves. In this way the effective S-value, corresponding to the transformation start, can be established. In order to determine the transformation temperatures, the stored cooling curves are differentiated numerically, whereafter the transformation temperatures are marked on each cooling curve. Such marked cooling curves are plotted on a graph with zero time taken as the moment of crossing the A₃ temperature. The transformation lines can be traced through the markings, so that a complete continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagram of a steel after a simulated hot deformation schedule can be obtained directly on the screen of a graphic terminal.