促进剂绿色生产技术的研究进展

介绍我国促进剂绿色生产技术的研究进展。促进剂今后的发展趋势是在保证较好促进效果的基础上,通过生产工艺和装置设备的改进等,提高产品的安全性和环保性,同时积极开发能延长焦烧时间和提高硫化促进效果,无毒、环保、不易分解挥发且具有特殊功能的新型促进剂。各种现有促进剂并用,通过调整合适的工艺参数,提高生产效率,改善产品质量,节能环保,是促进剂应用研究的重点。     

动力学水合物促进剂研究进展

动力学水合物促进剂是实现水合物法(NGH)储运天然气技术大规模工业化应用的关键。首先简单介绍了NGH技术与其它常规储气相比时的技术特点和优势,其次从表面活性剂类、氨基酸类、淀粉和聚合物类和纳米流体类等系统调研了动力学水合物促进剂的最新研究进展,最后分析认为氨基酸类促进剂的促进机理及纳米流体颗粒对水合物生成动力学的影响等方面应为日后该领域的研究重点。     

二氧化碳水合物促进剂的研究进展

综述了二氧化碳水合物促进剂的种类、促进效果的评价方法、研究现状以及促进机理等,并对其未来研究提出了建议。     

1242促进剂在聚酯碱减量加工应用

介绍了聚酯纤维咸减量加工发展的历史、碱减量原理、促进剂合成方法及应用，表明１２４２促进剂促进效果明显，研究了碱量、促进剂量、温度、浴比、时问等因素对减量率的影响，并选择了最佳条件。     

二氧化碳水合物动力学促进剂研究进展

利用水合物法捕获二氧化碳是当今世界的研究热点,但其应用受到了水合物的生成条件苛刻、生成速率缓慢等问题的限制,故需要利用特定促进剂来改善水合物法分离气体的性能。本文从动力学促进剂对二氧化碳水合物生成的影响效果和促进机理两个方面的研究进展进行了分析和介绍：在影响效果方面,主要阐述了不同类型动力学促进剂对水合物生成产生不同的影响以及在高浓度时对水合物生成产生的抑制作用,并分别分析了其原因;在促进机理方面,总结了国内外各学者的研究成果,并指出现有各种关于动力学促进剂促进机理的理论存在的不足。此外,还提出了未来关于二氧化碳水合物动力学促进剂的发展方向：一是着重研究动力学促进剂对水合物生成促进效果与其含有基团的关系;二是目前关于动力学促进剂促进水合物生成机理还没有统一定论,这可能是由于目前的研究主要集中在促进剂对水合物外部形态的改变而未探讨促进剂对水合物内部结构的改变,因此促进剂对水合物内部结构的改变上需进一步研究。     

动力学水合物促进剂研究进展

动力学水合物促进剂是实现水合物法(NGH)储运天然气技术大规模工业化应用的关键。首先简单介绍了NGH技术与其它常规储气相比时的技术特点和优势,其次从表面活性剂类、氨基酸类、淀粉和聚合物类和纳米流体类等系统调研了动力学水合物促进剂的最新研究进展,最后分析认为氨基酸类促进剂的促进机理及纳米流体颗粒对水合物生成动力学的影响等方面应为日后该领域的研究重点。     

预分散促进剂DM-75在全钢载重子午线轮胎气密层中的应用

试验研究预分散促进刺DM-75在无内胎全钢载重子午线轮胎气密层中的应用效果.结果表明,用预分散促进剂DM-75替代促进剂DM对胶料性能无不良影响,同时可以明显改善促进剂在胶料中的分散性,减少成品轮胎气密层存在促进剂聚集体的外观缺陷.     

对厌氧胶促进剂选用的探讨

研究了多种类型的促进剂以及几种促进剂复合的方式对厌氧胶固化性能的影响。研究结果表明:叔胺类促进剂配合糖精使用可发挥出较佳的促进效果,特殊胺类可调配出性能理想的厌氧胶,乙酰苯肼以及正丁基二茂铁作为促进剂不能单独使用;用顺丁烯二酸作为辅助促进剂时,叔胺可不搭配糖精,乙酰苯肼和正丁基二茂铁也可发挥促进效果。     

促进剂含量对真空导入成型用环氧树脂的影响

应用流变仪和DSC分析技术,系统研究了促进剂含量对一种用于大型碳纤维复合材料结构件真空导入成型的环氧树脂体系的影响.对促进剂含量分别为0.5％、1.0％和1.5％的环氧树脂体系,分别进行了粘度特性、工艺窗口、固化特性和基本力学性能的分析.该树脂体系的最佳灌注温度并未随促进剂含量增加而变化,适用期、完全固化所需的温度和时间均随促进剂含量的增加而降低.增加促进剂含量可以降低固化温度,并保证浇铸体的力学性能基本不受影响,从而可以在普通模具中应用该环氧树脂体系.     

黄原酸盐类促进剂对天然胶乳硫化和硫化胶膜力学性能的影响

合成乙基黄原酸锌(促进剂ZEX)、正丁基黄原酸锌(促进剂ZBX)和正丁基黄原酸钠(促进剂SIX),研究黄原酸盐烷基链长度和金属元素(锌和钠)对天然胶乳硫化和硫化胶膜力学性能的影响。结果表明:促进剂ZBX的热稳定性最好,促进剂ZEX次之,促进剂SIX最差;黄原酸锌盐类促进剂ZBX和ZEX促进硫化的作用较强,黄原酸钠盐类促进剂SIX促进硫化的作用较弱;促进剂ZBX和ZEX用量为2份时,硫化胶膜的力学性能最佳;烷基链较长的黄原酸锌盐类促进剂ZBX促进硫化的效果优于促进剂ZEX。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.