4,4’-双(三氯甲基)联苯水解合成4,4’-联苯二甲酸工艺研究

以副产物4,4’-双(三氯甲基)联苯为原料,经碱性水解一步反应合成出4,4’-联苯二甲酸。考察反应物料摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间对4,4’-联苯二甲酸产品收率的影响,得到优化工艺条件:氯苯为溶剂,4,4’-双(三氯甲基)联苯与10%氢氧化钠溶液的摩尔比为1∶9,反应温度为105℃,反应时间为14 h。在上述条件下,4,4’-联苯二甲酸的收率为95.25%,纯度可达99.20%,通过红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱及高效液相色谱等对产物进行了表征。     

4,4’-双(二乙氧基膦酰甲基)联苯合成工艺研究

以联苯二氯苄和亚磷酸三乙酯为原料,合成4,4’-双(二乙氧基膦酰甲基)联苯。研究了配料摩尔比、反应时间、反应温度、析出溶剂用量对收率的影响。结果表明,最佳合成工艺条件为:配料亚磷酸三乙酯和联苯二氯苄的摩尔比3.5∶1,反应温度为160℃,反应时间为5 h,析出溶剂用量140 mL。在此条件下,收率可达97.4%,产品含量达98.2%。     

4,4′-二■4氯苯基磺酰基■联苯的合成

4,4'-二■4氯苯基磺酰基■联苯是合成新型热塑性工程塑料聚芳砜的一种单体。本文叙述了其合成方法:以氯磺酸和氯苯为原料制取中间体对氯苯磺酰氯,反应温度20～25℃,粗品熔点46～50℃,收率85～90％;在三氯化铁和硝基苯的存在下,对氯苯磺酰氯和联苯反应制得目的产品,反应温度155～160℃,产品外观白色针状结晶,熔点272～273℃,收率85％。     

联苯-4,4′-二硫酚高效合成方法的研究

以联苯-4,4′-二磺酸钾为原料,先经五氯化磷酰化反应制备中间体联苯-4,4′-二磺酰氯,再经锡/盐酸还原得到目标产物联苯-4,4′-二硫酚。反应总收率55.25%,含量99.4%。该法经济环保、工艺简单,具有工业生产前景。     

4,4’-双(4-羟基苯甲氧基)-3,3’,5,5’-四甲基联苯二缩水甘油醚的合成与表征

以对羟基苯甲酸、3-溴丙烯、3,3′,5,5′-四甲基联苯二酚等为原料,通过间氯代过氧化苯甲酸氧化法合成4,4′-双(4-羟基苯甲氧基)3,3′,5,5′-四甲基联苯二缩水甘油醚,化合物结构用FT-IR和~1HNMR进行了表征。并对氢氧化钠用量,缚酸剂,氧化反应温度和时间的选择进行了讨论。     

聚硫醚酰亚胺树脂的合成及改性环氧胶粘剂的研制

利用4,4’-二羟基二苯硫醚（44DHDPS）、碳酸钾和4-氯硝基苯（4CNB）,在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和甲苯的混合溶剂中回流反应,合成得到了4,4’-双（4-硝基苯氧基）二苯硫醚（DNDPS）：随后,在钯／炭和水合肼体系中还原得到4,4’-双（4-氨基苯氧基）二苯硫醚（DADPS）,并与2,2-双（4-（3,4-二羧基苯氧基）苯基1丙烷二酐（BPADA）进行聚合反应,脱水亚胺化,得到聚硫醚酰亚胺（PTEI）树脂。采用聚硫醚酰亚胺树脂对环氧胶粘剂进行改性,效果良好。     

N,N'-双(对甲苯磺酰基)-2-哌嗪羧酸甲酯的合成

由乙二胺和对甲苯磺酰氯反应制得N,N’-双(对甲苯磺酰基)乙二胺。此步最佳工艺条件为：n(对甲苯磺酰氯)：n(乙二胺)=2．2：1,反应溶剂为苯,反应温度为40～45C,反应时间为6h,收率80％。由丙烯酸甲酯和溴反应制得a,β-二溴丙酸甲酯,收率为88％。再由上述二种中间体反应合成标题化合物,此步省略了N,N’-双(对甲苯磺酰基)乙二胺的二钠盐制备．收率为73％。     

3-(4’-羟基苯)硫酚醛环氧树脂的合成

以4,4'-二羟基二苯硫醚、甲醛为原料,经酚醛缩合合成了3-(4’-羟基苯)硫酚醛树脂,再与环氧氯丙烷聚合,制备了一种具备自阻燃性能的树脂3-(4’-羟基苯)硫酚醛环氧树脂,测定了环氧树脂产物的IR、TGA、阻燃性能。     

3-(4’-羟基苯)硫酚醛环氧树脂的合成

以4,4-二羟基二苯硫醚、甲醛为原料,经酚醛缩合合成了3-(4’-羟基苯)硫酚醛树脂,再与环氧氯丙烷聚合,制备了一种具备自阻燃性能的树脂3-(4’-羟基苯)硫酚醛环氧树脂,测定了环氧树脂产物的IR、TGA、阻燃性能.     

4,4′-双[4-氯苯磺酰基联苯的研制(Ⅱ)

本文通过4,4′-联苯双磺酰氯为中间体的合成路线,叙述4,4′-双[4-氯苯磺酰基]联苯的制备方法。     

Victrex® poly(ethersulfone) (PES) and Victrex® poly(etheretherketone) (PEEK)

Properties of two high performance engineering thermoplastics, amorphous polyethersulfone (PES) and semicrystalline polyetheretherketone (PEEK), are discussed. Both resins can be processed by conventional techniques, compounded with high performance fibers, and have high service temperature (up to 300°C). Due to the amorphous character PES can be dissolved and spray coated into metals.     

(Ba_(1-α)Sr_α)_(4.8)(Sm_(0.7)La_(0.3))_(8.8)Ti_(18)O_(54)陶瓷的微波介电性能

采用固相合成法制备了(Ba(1-α)Srα)4.8(Sm0.7La0.3)8.8Ti18O54(α=0.1～0.5)系陶瓷,表征了该陶瓷的相组成和显微结构,测试了微波介电性能.结果表明:α=0.3时,(Ba(1-α)Srα)4.8(Sm0.7La0.3)8.8Ti18O54系陶瓷为单相的新钨青铜结构固溶体.α>0.3时,相继出现了第二相BaLa2Ti4O12和La0.66TiO2.993.随α的增加,(Ba(1-α)Srα)4.8(Sm0.7La0.3)8.8Ti18O54系陶瓷的相对介电常数(εr)先增大后有所波动,品质因数(Qf)先增大后减小,谐振频率温度系数(τf)单调减小.α=0.3时,在1 350℃烧结的陶瓷的微波介电性能最佳:εr=98.77,Qf=5184GHz,τf=10.9×10-6/℃,优于不掺杂的BaO-Sm2O3-TiO2陶瓷的.     

Photopyroelectric Spectroscopic Studies of ZnO-MnO(2)-Co(3)O(4)-V(2)O(5) Ceramics

Photopyroelectric (PPE) spectroscopy is a nondestructive tool that is used to study the optical properties of the ceramics (ZnO + 0.4MnO(2) + 0.4Co(3)O(4) + xV(2)O(5)), x = 0-1 mol%. Wavelength of incident light, modulated at 10 Hz, was in the range of 300-800 nm. PPE spectrum with reference to the doping level and sintering temperature is discussed. Optical energy band-gap (E(g)) was 2.11 eV for 0.3 mol% V(2)O(5) at a sintering temperature of 1025 °C as determined from the plot (ρhυ)(2)versushυ. With a further increase in V(2)O(5), the value of E(g) was found to be 2.59 eV. Steepness factor 'σ(A)' and 'σ(B)', which characterize the slope of exponential optical absorption, is discussed with reference to the variation of E(g). XRD, SEM and EDAX are also used for characterization of the ceramic. For this ceramic, the maximum relative density and grain size was observed to be 91.8% and 9.5 μm, respectively.     

Calcium silicate hydrate (II) (“C-S-H(II)”)

This semicrystalline phase, originally named ‘calcium silicate hydrate(II)’ by Taylor (1950), has been studied with X-rays, electron optics, chemical investigation of silicate anion type, infrared spectra, and thermal methods. It is structurally related to jennite (C₉S₆H₁₁) and probably also to the fibrous CSH of cement pastes, the three phases forming a sequence of decreasing crystallinity. The specimen studied had approximate composition C₂SH_3.2 after standing over saturated CaCλ₂ at about 15°C. CSH(II) contains metasilicate chains and pyrosilicate groups and has a disordered layer structure. Much of the water can be lost reversibly without significant change in lattice parameters.     

Poly(butadiene-acrylic acid(g)acrylonitrile(g)acrylic acid)

Summary In the present work we describe, the synthesis and characterization of a new gel obtained by crosslinking a cooligomer of butadiene-acrylic acid (BuAA), by reaction with acrylonitrile and acrylic acid. The purified product was characterized by FTIR, elemental analyses and scanning electronic microscopy. The thermal properties were studied and swelling indexes were determined in different solvents and at different pH values. The capacity of poly(butadiene-acrylic acid(g)acrylonitrile(g)acrylic acid) [gel A] to separate different organic substances, such as amino acids and colorants, was determined.     

Thermal studies of blends of poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) with poly(phenylene sulfide sulfone) (PPSS) and with poly(phenylene sulfide ether) (PPSE)

The miscibilities of poly(phenylene) sulfide/poly(phenylene sulfide sulfone) (PPS/PPSS) and poly(phenylene) sulfide/poly(phenylene sulfide ether) (PPS/PPSE) blends were invesigated in terms of shifts of glass transition temperatures T_g of pure PPS, PPSS, a dn PPSE. The crystallization kinetics of PPS/PPSS blends was also studied as a function of molar composition. The PPS/PPSS and PPS/PPSE blends are respectively partially and fully miscible. PPSE shows a plasticizing effect on PPS as does PPS on PPSS, which necessarily improves te processibility in the respective systems. We can control T_g and melting temperature T_m of PPS by varying amounts of PPSE in blends. The melt crystallization temperature T_mc of PPS/PPSE blends was higher than that of the PPSE homopolymer. Therefore, these blends require shorter cycle times in processing than pure PPSE. The overall rate of crystallization for PPS/PPSS blends follows the Avrami equation with an exponent ?2. The maximal rate of crystallization for PPS/PPSS blends occurs at a temperatre higher by 10°C than that for PPS, while the crystallization half time t_1/2 is 4 times shorter. In the cold crystallization range, crystal growth rates increase and Avrami exponents decrease significantly as the temperature increases.     

Chemical cross-linking of conducting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) using poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)

Hybrid films of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) were prepared with different molecular weights of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). The cross-linking reaction between PEO and PEDOT:PSS was performed at high temperature and confirmed by using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), contact angle measurement, and solid-state ¹H NMR. The effect of chemical reaction on the conductivity and morphology of these hybrid films was studied by using 4-point probe and atomic force microscope (AFM), respectively. As-spun PEO/PEDOT:PSS films have lower electric conductivity due to the addition of nonconductive PEO, and exhibits no molecular weight dependence on conductivity. After chemical cross-linking reaction at high temperature, only PEDOT:PSS films with lowest molecular weight PEO additives show enhanced conductivity with increasing reaction time. AFM result indicates that the heat-treated PEO/PEDOT:PSS hybrid films show grain-like morphology compared to ethylene glycol treated PEDOT:PSS films which shows continuous PEDOT domain. In the present work we demonstrate that the cross-linking reaction can be used to improve the wet stability of PEDOT:PSS nanofiber, showing good water resistance and excellent dimensional stability.     

Photooxidative stability of substituted poly(phenylene vinylene) (PPV) and poly(phenylene acetylene) (PPA)

The addition of side groups to improve the photooxidative stability of polymers used in polymer-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is explored. Infrared spectroscopy and computational chemistry techniques are used to study the effects of chemical substitution of the reactive vinylene moiety in poly(phenylene vinylene) (PPV). The bond order of the vinylene group in small oligomers is calculated using semiempirical techniques to assess the improvement in stability toward oxidants such as singlet oxygen. We find that PPV dimers allow relative comparisons across a range of possible substitutions. Experimental results correlate well with these calculations. The addition of electron-withdrawing substituents, such as nitrile groups, to the vinylene moiety is found to be particularly effective in reducing the reactivity of alkoxy-substituted PPV toward singlet oxygen. The photooxidative stability of a poly(phenylene acetylene) (PPA) derivative is also studied. It appears that this family of polymers is more stable toward photooxidation than are its PPV analogs. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 2451–2458, 1998     

Rheological behavior of blends of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(acrylonitrile-stat-styrene)-graft-polybutadiene (ABS)

The rheological behavior of blends of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(acrylonitrile-stat-styrene)-graft-polybutadiene (ABS) was investigated using a cone-and-plate rheometer. The rheological properties measured were shear stress (σ₁₂), viscosity (η), and first normal stress difference (N₁) as functions of shear rate (\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \dot \gamma$ \end{document}) in steady shearing flow, and storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) as functions of frequency (ω) in oscillatory shearing flow. It has been found that the rheological behavior of blends of ABS and PMMA was very similar to that of blends of poly(styrene-stat-acrylonitrile) (SAN) and PMMA, in that N₁ in logarithmic plots of N₁ versus σ₁₂, and G′ in logarithmic plots of G′ versus G″, vary regularly with blend composition. This has led us to conclude that the rubber particles that are grafted on an SAN resinous matrix in ABS resin plays only a minor role in influencing the compatibility of ABS/PMMA blends, and that the SAN chains attached to the surface of rubber particles, and the SAN matrix phase, play a major role in compatibilizing ABS resin with PMMA.