三元乙丙橡胶/聚1-丁烯热塑性硫化胶的制备及性能研究

应用动态硫化技术制备三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)/聚1-丁烯(PB)热塑性硫化胶(TPV),研究不同橡塑比TPV及其返炼TPV的性能。结果表明:随着EPDM/PB共混比的减小,TPV的邵尔A型硬度、拉伸强度、撕裂强度逐渐增大;当EPDM/PB共混比为60/40时,TPV的拉断伸长率最大,热氧老化性能较好;在试验范围内,EPDM/PB共混比为70/30时,返炼TPV的性能最好。     

纳米SiO2对动态硫化EPDM／PP热塑性弹性体性能的影响

在开炼机上采用动态硫化的方法制备纳米SiO2改性三元乙丙橡胶（EPDM）／聚丙烯（PP）共混型热塑性弹性体（TPV）,研究了纳米SiO2的加料顺序和用量对热塑性弹性体的力学性能、维卡软化温度的影响．并对改性后的TPV进行返炼．研究其热塑性能。结果表明：将纳米SiO2先与EPDM混炼均匀．然后加入其它助剂．制得EPDM母炼胶,再与PP共混制备得到的TPV力学性能较好,且纳米SiO2用量为4份时TPV的综合性能最佳;随着纳米SiO2用量的增加,TPV的维卡软化温度升高;返炼后的改性TPV力学性能稍有下降,但具有良好的热塑性。     

动态硫化EPDM/PP共混型热塑性弹性体的老化效应

研究了自制和商业化的动态硫化EPDM／PP共混型热塑性弹性体(TPV)老化和重复加工性能。结果表明,EPDM／PP TPV的力学性能和弹性不随老化而变差,但老化后TPV的Instron毛细管流变仪挤出样务表面变得粗糙,熔体黏度稍有增大,经过热辊重新熔融返炼后,流动性能基本上可以恢复到老化前的状态。采用橡胶加工性能分析仪分析EPDM／PP TPV的热老化机理,热老化过程不仅使分散相橡胶粒子发生物理粘连,而且使橡胶粒子和连续相PP间产生一定程度的化学结合,产生了化学联结的橡胶粒子联结体,这种联结体在高剪切条件下可以被破坏。自制的TPV具有优良的反复加工性能,经热辊180℃连续塑炼1h,其各项性能基本上保持不变。     

PP及PP/EPDM共混物室内外老化行为的研究

通过中国西部3个地区（新疆尉犁、西藏拉萨和四川成都）室外自然老化和室内加速老化（热氧、紫外老化）的对比,研究了聚丙烯及聚丙烯/三元乙丙橡胶（PP/EPDM）共混物室内外老化前后力学性能的变化和表面微观形态的变化,以及其室内外老化的对应关系。结果表明,室外老化初期PP的拉伸强度提高,老化中后期随着降解程度加剧拉伸强度下降;EPDM的加入提高了PP的耐老化性能,其中成都地区老化试样最为明显,24个月后拉伸强度保持率高达115 %;PP和PP/EPDM共混物室内热氧老化后拉伸强度变化不大,紫外老化后拉伸强度则呈现下降趋势;综合考虑热氧和紫外老化,通过时间等效关系可以更好地联系室内外老化,为预测材料在自然状态下的服役寿命奠定了基础。     

环烷油对PP/EPDM动态硫化热塑性弹性体的影响

运用动态硫化法制备聚丙烯(PP)/三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)动态硫化热塑性弹性体(TPV),研究了EPDM含量对TPV性能的影响,发现PP/EPDM质量比为60/40时,TPV的拉伸性能达到最大,在此优化配比下研究了环烷油充油前后TPV拉伸性能、结晶性能、热稳定性能、动态力学性能及流变性能的变化规律。结果表明,环烷油的加入使得PP/EPDM拉伸强度下降,断裂伸长率增加;环烷油阻碍TPV中PP相的结晶,其结晶、熔融温度及相应焓值在充油过后都有所下降;环烷油降低了TPV的热降解速率,且使TPV中EPDM相和PP相分子链的玻璃化转变温度(T_g)降低,其中EPDM相的T_g降低更明显,同时熔融状态下TPV的复数黏度、储能模量和损耗模量下降,表明熔融状态TPV中聚合物分子链运动能力增加,分子链内摩擦减小,加工性能得到提高。     

应力-热氧作用下三元乙丙橡胶的老化行为

通过ATR-FTIR、超景深显微镜及力学性能、硬度、交联度测试分析,实时追踪了在应力-热氧老化场中三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)的失效规律和微观结构演变过程。结果表明:EPDM的力学性能随老化时间增加而下降,试样表面逐渐变得粗糙,并出现明显裂纹,失去弹性;老化温度越高,性能劣化越快。在应力-热氧作用下,EPDM分子链被逐渐破坏,发生了降解、交联及氧化等反应,导致材料性能逐渐劣化。老化温度越高,分子链破坏程度越大,性能下降越显著。     

三元乙丙橡胶、丙烯酸酯橡胶及其共混胶的热氧老化性能研究

研究三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)、丙烯酸酯橡胶(ACM)及其共混胶的热氧老化性能。结果表明:EPDM老化后含氧结构多是通过消耗甲基生成,ACM的表面氧化降解多发生在主链的亚甲基碳上,EPDM/ACM共混胶老化前期以断裂为主,后期以交联为主;与ACM共混后,EPDM的耐热氧老化性能提高。     

不同种类促进剂对MPU/TPEE TPV动态力学性能和热油热空气老化后物理机械性能的影响

采用高温开炼机制备了橡塑比为60/40的MPU/TPEE动态硫化热塑性弹性体(TPV),考察了不同种类促进剂对MPU/TPEE TPV动态力学性能和热油热空气老化后物理机械性能。结果表明,热空气、热油老化后TPV的拉断强度普遍增大,热空气老化后拉断强度偏高;热空气、热油老化后断裂伸长率下降,但热油老化后伸长率偏高;热空气、热油老化后硬度上升,但热空气老化后硬度偏高;热空气老化后扯断永久变形减小,而热油老化后扯断永久变形增加;促进剂种类对TPV的动态力学性能有影响,G’-温度曲线越高,其门尼黏度越大。     

TAIC对动态硫化EPDM/PP热塑性弹性体性能的影响

研究了交联助剂三烯丙基异氰脲酸酯(TAIC)对以三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)和聚丙烯(PP)为基体材料的动态硫化热塑性弹性体(TPV)性能的影响。采用转矩流变仪对TPV进行硫化特性测试,运用抽提法测试TPV的凝胶含量,同时研究了TPV的耐热氧老化性能和力学性能。结果表明,随着TAIC含量的增加,TPV的凝胶含量逐渐增大,抗热氧老化性能逐渐提高,拉伸强度和断裂伸长率出现极大值。当TAIC含量为1%时,与未添加TAIC的值相比,拉伸强度和断裂伸长率分别增加11.6%和13.8%,压缩永久变形降低了8%。     

不同硫磺用量对MPU/TPEE动态硫化热塑性弹性体重复加工及热油老化前后物理机械性能的影响

采用高温开炼机制备了不同硫磺(S)用量的混炼型聚氨酯(MPU)/热塑性聚醚脂弹性体(TPEE)动态硫化热塑性弹性体(TPV),并探索了TPV重复加工性能和热油老化前后的物理力学性能。结果表明,随加工次数的增加,加入S后TPV的拉断强度先增加后减小,100%定伸强度逐渐下降;热油老化后,随S用量增加,TPV的拉断强度、100%定伸强度、断裂伸长率、硬度均呈现下降趋势,体积变化率减小,质量变化率不变。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。