一种含磷自修复水性聚氨酯的合成及性能

采用异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、聚丙二醇和2,2-二羟甲基丙酸为主要原料,以无卤含磷阻燃剂Exolit OP550(记为OP550,下同)为软段扩链剂,通过前扩链方式将二羟乙基二硫化物引入到水性聚氨酯(WPU)分子链中,成功制备了兼具阻燃和自修复两种特殊功能的水性聚氨酯(记为OHWPU)乳液.采用FTIR和激光粒度仪对OHWP...     

无卤,低烟,低毒阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料

目前,我国生产的阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料多以液态的含卤磷酸酯为阻燃剂,此类阻燃剂的阻燃效率尚不够令人满意,材料燃烧时生成的烟量及有毒和腐蚀性气态产物较多,对环境不友好。最近,德国 Clariant公司推出了 3类无卤磷系阻燃剂 [1],一类以聚磷酸铵（ APP）为基,牌号为 Exolit APP,有 8个品种;一类以无卤有机磷化合物（ OP）为基,牌号为 Exolit OP,有 4个品种;一类以红磷（ RP）为基,牌号为 Exolit RP,有 10个品种。其中的 Exolit AP 422、 423及 462, Exolit OP 550, Exolit RP 652均已用于阻燃聚氨酯泡沫塑料, Ex…     

丙烯酸酯改性水性聚氨酯阻燃涂料的研究

以丙烯酸（甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯）改性水性聚氨酯预聚体,制备改性水性涂料;并以三聚氰胺／季戊四醇为协效阻燃剂,从而制备一种改性阻燃水性聚氨酯涂料。对改性涂料进行了吸水率、耐水性测试;对改性阻燃涂料进行了燃烧试验、热重分析（TG）。结果表明,改性涂料的吸水率降低了48．6％。阻燃涂料的阻燃时间可达8min以上,耐高温、阻燃性能明显提升。     

两种磷系阻燃剂阻燃聚氨酯硬泡的对比研究

通过箱式发泡法制备了含有添加型阻燃剂甲基膦酸二甲酯与反应型阻燃剂聚磷酸酯多元醇OP550的聚氨酯硬泡(RPUF)。利用热重分析仪、氧指数仪、锥形量热仪研究了体系中阻燃剂质量分数均为10%的情况下,两种不同类型阻燃剂的添加比例对聚氨酯硬泡热性能与阻燃性能的影响。结果表明,同时添加两种阻燃剂可提高聚氨酯硬泡在高温下的残炭率,当甲基膦酸二甲酯O∶P550=4 1∶(质量比)时,体系的氧指数可达24.4%,且热释放速率的峰值达到最低值144.51 kW/m2。此外,对两种阻燃剂的阻燃机理进行了初步的探讨。     

聚氨酯瓦斯封孔材料的制备及性能

采用阻燃剂三氯乙基磷酸酯（TCEP）制备了阻燃聚氨酯封孔材料,研究了阻燃剂TCEP添加量对聚氨酯封孔材料阻燃性能、膨胀倍数和压缩强度的影响,分析了阻燃聚氨酯材料的微观形貌和红外光谱图谱。结果表明,TCEP添加量为20 %时,聚氨酯的极限氧指数由20.0 %提高到23.4 %,膨胀倍数随着TCEP的加入先降低后升高;阻燃剂不会改变聚氨酯的主体结构,但是影响泡沫性能和形貌。     

两种有机膦酸铝无卤阻燃TPU的研究

分别采用两种有机膦酸铝阻燃剂三(二乙基亚膦酸)铝(OP1230)及OP1312[62%三(二乙基亚膦酸)铝+35%三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐+3%硼酸锌]与热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)制备了阻燃TPU复合材料。首先通过粒径分析仪和热失重分析仪研究了两种阻燃剂的粒径和热稳定性,进一步通过氧指数测定仪、水平垂直燃烧测试仪、拉力试验机、热失重分析仪和扫描电子显微镜研究了两种阻燃TPU复合材料的阻燃、力学及热稳定性能。结果表明,随着阻燃剂用量的增加,复合材料在燃烧时的熔滴现象明显减少。当OP1230的质量分数为30%时,复合材料阻燃级别达到FV-0等级,氧指数与纯TPU差别很小;当OP1312的质量分数为30%时,复合材料阻燃级别为FV-1等级,氧指数从纯TPU的23%增加到27%。在相同的阻燃剂用量下,添加OP1312的复合材料的力学性能均高于添加OP1230的复合材料。OP1230可有效提高成炭量,炭层致密,阻燃效果好;而OP1312成炭量小,阻燃效果略差。     

阻燃剂在聚氨酯自结皮泡沫塑料中的应用

分别采用三（氯异丙基）磷酸酯（TCPP）、膨胀石墨（EG）和阻燃聚合物聚醚多元醇（POP）三种阻燃剂制备聚氨酯自结皮泡沫（ISF）塑料。探讨了TCPP,EG和POP对聚氨酯ISF塑料的力学性能和阻燃性能的影响。结果表明：以POP为阻燃剂制备的聚氨酯ISF塑料,力学性能较好,工艺稳定性及综合性能优于其他两种阻燃剂制备的聚氨酯ISF塑料。当POP与聚醚EP-330N的质量比为70∶30时,制品的拉伸强度为17MPa,伸长率为125%,压陷硬度为76.5 shao A,氧指数为25%。因此,POP可广泛应用于聚氨酯ISF塑料。     

硅-磷阻燃剂对涤纶织物的阻燃研究

采用极限氧指数法（LOI）、垂直燃烧法等手段研究甲基三甲氧基硅烷包覆聚磷酸铵的协同阻燃剂,与水性聚氨酯组成阻燃涂层剂,对涤纶织物的阻燃效果。结果表明：甲基三甲氧基硅烷和聚磷酸铵配比为2：1,阻燃剂与水性聚氨酯配比为1：2,阻燃剂质量浓度为160g／L,烘焙温度为180℃,烘焙时间为120s,阻燃涤纶织物的极限氧指数为44．3％,损毁长度为29mm,阴燃时间和续燃时间均为0,达到GB20286-2006标准中的阻燃1级。     

水性聚氨酯改进阻燃剂的性能研究进展

无卤阻燃剂中磷酸酯类化合物的研究一直是当前的研究热点,文中着重对水性聚氨酯改性提高阻燃性能的研究进行讨论,设计分析了通过FRC-6合成水性聚氨酯实现阻燃剂的性能改进,采用FRC-6替代其他小分子二醇扩链剂,可以实现合成大量的稳定的有机磷阻燃改性的水性聚氨酯;P含量的增加会降低热释放量,提高阻燃性能。这一研究对于无卤阻燃剂的改进应用具有一定的借鉴价值。     

彩钢夹芯板用聚氨酯胶的阻燃性能研究

通过改变阻燃剂的含量,制备了不同阻燃性能的彩钢夹芯板用聚氨酯胶。讨论了阻燃剂用量对阻燃胶的阻燃效果、反应时间以及拉伸剪切强度的影响。结果表明,在聚氨酯胶中添加阻燃剂TCEP,可提高胶的阻燃性,而对反应时间和拉伸剪切强度影响较小。TCEP质量分数在20%时,胶的氧指数达到B2级阻燃要求。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.