固体超强酸(TiO2/SO42-)催化合成萘乙酸甲酯的研究

BST型固体超强酸(TiO2/SO42-)催化合成萘乙酸甲酯最佳反应条件为:n(甲醇):n(α-萘乙酸)=10:1,反应温度65℃,反应时间2h,催化剂用量为α-萘乙酸质量的1%。酯收率大于92%。     

新刊导读

农 药杂多酸催化合成α-萘乙酸甲酯/丁斌//农药.-2001,40(12).-27～28 以杂多酸为催化剂实现了α-萘乙酸与甲醇的酯化反应。以杂多酸及其固载型杂多酸为催化剂,制得α-萘乙酸甲酯的收率在92％以上,纯度在99％以上,且固载型杂多酸催化剂可重复使用多次。较佳的反应条件为:醇酸摩尔比为6:1,催化剂用量为1.6％,反应时间为6h,反应温度为常压下反应体系的沸点温度。     

杂多酸催化合成α—萘乙酸甲酯

对杂多酸和固载型杂多酸催化剂化α-萘乙酸和甲醇反应合成α-萘乙酸甲酯进行了研究。探讨了催化剂用量、醇酸摩尔比、反应时间等因素对反应结果的影响,得到了较适宜的反应条件。固载型杂多酸催化剂可多次使用而活性没有明显下降。     

微波辐射下Al_2(SO_4)_3·nH_2O催化合成α-萘乙酸甲酯

以固体A l2(SO4)3.nH2O为催化剂,在微波辐射下,以α-萘乙酸和甲醇为原料合成了α-萘乙酸甲酯。考察了催化剂的用量、微波功率、微波辐射时间、醇酸比对酯产率的影响。实验结果表明,最佳实验条件为:催化剂用量6%,微波功率600 W,微波辐射时间28 m in,醇酸摩尔比12∶1,酯产率72.45%。     

磷钨酸催化合成1-萘乙酸甲酯的研究

研究了以磷钨酸为催化剂，１ 萘乙酸和甲醇直接酯化合成１ 萘乙酸甲酯的优化反应条件：催化剂用量为反应液的３％，醇酸摩尔比为１６∶１，反应在回流温度下进行３ｈ，酯的收率在９６％以上，纯度达９９６％。     

磷钨酸铋催化合成油酸甲酯

以磷钨酸铋为催化剂,对油酸和甲醇反应合成油酸甲酯进行了研究,考察了反应时间、催化剂用量、醇酸摩尔比、催化剂重复使用性等因素对油酸甲酯收率的影响.实验结果表明反应的最佳条件为:油酸用量为0.1 mol,醇酸摩尔比为1.4,催化剂磷钨酸铋用量为1.5 g,反应时间为4h,酯收率达93.4％,催化剂重复使用五次催化性能未见明...     

硫酸铁催化合成α-萘乙酸甲酯

以a-萘乙酸和甲醇为原料,以硫酸铁为催化剂,通过酯化反应合成了植物生长调节剂萘乙酸甲酯,并通过正交设计讨论了醇酸比、催化剂用量、反应时间等因素对酯化产率的影响。在n(甲醇) : n(α-萘乙酸) = 20、催化剂用量为a-萘乙酸质量的7%、反应时间为2.0 h、酯化温度65~69℃的最佳反应工艺条件下,产物产率为95.8%。     

壳聚糖硫酸盐催化合成苯甲酸甲酯

以壳聚糖硫酸盐为催化剂，由苯甲酸和甲醇合成苯甲酸甲酯。考察了催化剂用量、反应时间及醇酸摩尔比等因素对反应的影响，实验结果表明，在催化剂用量为1.0g，反应时间4h，醇酸摩尔比为5：1的条件下，产品收率达90.56%，并且催化剂可重复使用多次。     

固体超强酸SO2-4-ZrO2-MoO3催化合成α-萘乙酸甲酯

以固体超强酸SO2-4-ZrO2-MoO3为催化剂合成α-萘乙酸甲酯,考察了MoCO3含量、焙烧温度、焙烧时间等制备条件对催化剂性能的影响.同时还讨论了酯化反应时间、催化剂用量以及原料醇酸质量之比对酯化率的影响.在优惠反应条件下,α-萘乙酸甲酯的转化率为83.8%.     

固体超强酸SO4^— —ZrO2—MoO3催化合成α—萘乙酸甲酯

以固体超强酸SO4^- -ZrO2-MoO3为催化剂合成α-萘乙酸甲酯，考察了MoCO3含量、焙烧温度、焙烧时间等制备条件对催化剂性能的影响。同时还讨论了酯化反应时间、催化剂用量以及原料醇酸质量之比对酯化率的影响。在优惠反应条件下，α-萘乙酸甲酯的转化率为83．8％。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。