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对于炭黑/丁苯橡胶复合材料,分别用1、2和3份(质量,下同)碳纳米管替代4、8和12份炭黑,研究了复合材料在宽应变范围(30%~100%)的抗疲劳破坏性能。结果表明,在30%~70%应变下,与纯炭黑填充的胶料相比,加入碳纳米管疲劳寿命提高,裂纹增长速率降低;在70%~100%应变下,胶料的疲劳寿命降低,裂纹增长速率提高。原因是碳纳米管的加入增大了滞后损失,在小应变下滞后生热可分担部分外界能量,而在大应变下滞后生热增大,使降解加速所致。撕裂能与裂纹增长速率的关系也证明了这一点。此外还证明了采用1份碳纳米管与4份炭黑N 234对丁苯橡胶抗疲劳破坏性能的贡献基本相同。 相似文献
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用断裂力学方法研究炭黑N330、炭黑N330/白炭黑和白炭黑补强NR硫化胶的疲劳破坏特性.结果表明,与炭黑N330和炭黑N330/白炭黑补强的NR硫化胶相比,白炭黑补强的NR硫化胶疲劳寿命较长,内部潜在缺陷较少,抗裂纹扩展性能较好;随着疲劳时间的延长,NR硫化胶拉断时的应变能密度减小;疲劳寿命方程能够快速、准确地预测NR硫化胶的疲劳寿命. 相似文献
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炭黑/白炭黑补强硫化胶的疲劳过程及使用寿命预测 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
应用断裂力学的方法,解析和预测了采用高耐磨炭黑与白炭黑并用补强体系的天然橡胶。在疲劳过程中形变能密度的变化,疲劳破坏寿命和断裂特征,建立了数学模型,预测了胶料动态疲劳破坏寿命。研究结果表明,在天然橡胶中采用高耐磨炭黑与白炭黑并用补强体系,随白炭黑用量的增加。胶料疲劳破坏寿命延长,胶料内部潜在缺陷减小,裂纹扩展速度减慢,形变能密度下降缓慢,建立的数学模型能较好地预测含高耐磨炭黑与白炭黑补强体系的胶料疲劳破坏寿命。 相似文献
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炭黑/白炭黑补强硫化胶的疲劳破坏特性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
应用断裂力学的方法解析和预测了天然橡胶采用高耐磨炭黑与白炭黑并用补强体系在疲劳过程中形变能密度的变化,疲劳破坏寿命、断裂特征和能量释放率。结果表明:在天然橡胶中采用高耐磨炭黑与白炭黑并用补强体系,随白炭黑用量的增加,胶料疲劳破坏寿命延长,胶料内部潜在缺陷减小,裂纹扩展速度减慢,形变能密度下降缓慢,胶料的能量释放率增加。 相似文献
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在全钢载重子午线轮胎胎面胶中加入不同用量炭黑N234,并将白炭黑与炭黑并用,考察炭黑用量和添加白炭黑对胶料性能的影响。结果表明:随着炭黑N234用量增大,不添加白炭黑的胶料Fmax和门尼粘度增大,门尼焦烧时间呈缩短趋势;密度、硬度和定伸应力提高,拉伸强度和回弹值降低,撕裂强度先提高后降低,耐磨性能提高,生热增大,炭黑用量不宜过大;在填料用量相当的条件下,添加白炭黑的胶料门尼粘度较小,门尼焦烧时间较短,撕裂强度和耐磨性能显著提高,生热明显降低;随着炭黑用量增大,不添加白炭黑的胶料弹性模量和损耗因子总体提高;总体来看,添加45份炭黑N234和10份白炭黑的胎面胶滞后损失和生热较低。 相似文献
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介绍了发展新能源重大意义,探讨了涂料在风能、生物质能、太阳能等新能源产业中可能的应用前景,并提出了初步建议。 相似文献
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化工节能技术及节能设备发展前景 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
根据化工行业用能的特殊性,从加强能源管理、采用新的节能工艺和设备、降低动力消耗、有重点地进行技术改造、能量综合利用、抗垢剂和除灰剂的使用以及节能涂料的使用等方面说明化工行业的节能措施。指出高效节能设备的前景良好,并从高效节能新设备和旧设备的节能改造两方面进行了说明。 相似文献
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A. V. Bridgwater 《Catalysis Today》1996,29(1-4):285-295
The potential offered by biomass and solid wastes for solving some of the world's energy problems is widely recognised. The energy in biomass may be realised either by direct use as in combustion, or by upgrading into a more valuable and usable fuel such as fuel gas, fuel oil, transport fuel or higher value products for the chemical industry. This paper is concerned with conversion and upgrading by pyrolysis and briefly describes the technologies of fast pyrolysis with particular reference to the use of catalysts in chemicals production and the use of catalytic processes in upgrading the primary pyrolysis products to higher quality and higher value fuels and chemicals. There are natural catalysts in biomass which substantially influence the production of high yielding chemicals. Removal or reinforcement of these catalysts has a dramatic effect on product yield and composition. The pyrolysis vapours can be catalytically cracked over zeolites to give aromatics and other hydrocarbon products which can be further converted into gasoline and diesel and the condensed liquid can be hydrotreated to a naphtha like product also for upgrading into transport fuels. There is, however, considerable uncertainty over the ability of the upgrading technology to be scaled up to commercial feasibility most notably in terms of catalyst performance and life. Considerably more research and development is needed to develop and prove suitable catalyst systems. There is also considerable uncertainty over the cost of upgrading in terms of capital costs, operating costs and performance and some preliminary estimates are included. 相似文献
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分析了目前我国能源安全形势与能源安全问题,认为当前我国能源形势基本稳定,能源供应总体安全,能源消费结构正向轻质化、清洁化和低碳化方向发展,但也存在一些问题,主要包括:能源需求总量增长过快,消费结构亟待调整;能源发展中的环境问题突出,CO_2减排压力加大;地缘政治影响不确定性因素增加,潜在影响我国能源安全;油气战略储备不足,应对突发事件风险能力较低;非化石能源消费占比低,替代能源发展较慢。在我国经济新常态下,应树立新的能源安全观,着力推动能源革命,构建适应我国经济社会发展需求的新型国家能源安全体系。 相似文献
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林木生物质能源的发展和我国能源林建设 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
概括陈述了生物质能源,尤其是林木生物质能源资源丰富、环保性强、性能稳定等相对优势,结合实例从技术、生产、市场等几个方面阐述了发展林木生物质能源的必要性和可行性,进而指出了能源林建设的社会效益、生态效益和经济效益.文章从资源量变化、经营管理方式、市场化等方面分析了我国能源林建设的进程和现状,存在的问题,并提出了能源林建设的一些建议. 相似文献
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Torrefaction of some non‐lignocellulose waste biomass was attempted to examine if such materials could benefit from this process as conventional lignocellulose biomass does. Experiments were conducted on chicken litter, digested sludge, and undigested sludge from a municipality in Canada. Effects of two important torrefaction process parameters: temperature and residence time on the torrefaction yield were studied. For reference, torrefaction of three lignocellulose biomass (switch grass, coffee husk, and wood pellet) was also carried out in the same apparatus under identical conditions. A comparison of torrefaction yield and other properties of these biomass showed that in spite of the large difference in their constitution the torrefaction behaviour of non‐lignocellulose and lignocellulose biomass were similar. The increase in energy density after torrefaction and the effect of temperature and residence time on torrefaction were also similar for these two types. The present research made an important addition to the existing database on torrefaction of biomass by adding missing information on torrefaction of sludge and poultry litter. Additionally, this work unearthed a potential option for production of composite pellets of waste (e.g., sludge) mixed with biomass (e.g., switch grass). © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering 相似文献