超声波在丙烯酸固相接枝聚丙烯中的应用

利用超声波促进固相接枝反应的原理，研究丙烯酸（AA）接枝聚丙烯（PP）的反应条件：超声波作用时间、接枝反应温度、引发剂过氧化苯甲酰（BPO）及AA用量等对接枝率的影响。研究表明：超声波能有效地促进固相接枝反应的进行。其最佳反应条件是：超声波的作用时间为30min，BPO与AA的用量分别为4％和15％，反应温度为110℃。在上述反应条件下，可以得到接枝率为6％的接枝产物AA接枝PP（PP－g－AA）；并用硅灰石填充含有PP-g-AA的PP复合材料，其力学性能明显优于不含PP－g－AA的硅灰石填充的PP复合材料。     

氯化聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐的合成研究

考察了马来酸酐（MAH）用量、引发剂（BPO）用量、反应温度和反应时间对氯化聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐（CPPgMAH）中接枝率和接枝效率的影响。结果表明m（MAH）：m（CPP）=0．28时，接枝率和接枝效率较高；随着引发剂过氧化苯甲酰（BPO）用量的增大，接枝率和接枝效率也随之增大；提高反应温度，可以提高接枝效果，适宜的反应温度和反应时间分别为100℃、1．5h。     

丙烯酸接枝改性环氧树脂的研究

用溶液聚合法制备环氧树脂，丙烯酸类接枝改性物，研究了酸量、MAA/AA的比、引发剂BPO的用量、环氧树脂型号、反应时间等对接枝率和环氧值的影响。最后研究发现：酸量与环氧树脂的质量比为1：1，MAA：AA物质的量比为0．12：0．42，环氧树脂型号为E-20，反应时间为3．5h，该条件下制备出来的接枝改性物接枝率最大，且环氧基发生开环的量较少。     

氯化聚丙烯／MMA／BA／MAA接枝共聚物的合成

采用溶液法用混合单体甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）、丙烯酸丁酯和2-甲基丙烯酸（MAA）对氯化聚丙烯（cmm）进行接枝改性，考察了反应温度、反应时间、引发剂浓度和单体浓度等因素对接枝率的影响，并对接枝产物进行了傅立叶变换红外光谱分析。确定了理想的工艺条件：反应温度为105℃，反应时间为5h，m（CPP）／m（单体）／m（BPO）为1：0．3：0．0：3。     

MAH溶液法接枝SBS的研究

采用马来酸酐（MAH）作为接枝单体,对苯乙烯—丁二烯—苯乙烯三嵌段共聚物（SBS）进行溶液接枝。研究了反应温度、反应时间、马来酸酐用量、引发剂种类及用量对接枝率的影响。得到最佳反应条件为：m（SBS）/m（MAH）/m（BPO）/m（溶剂）=100：10：0.8：400,反应温度75℃。反应时间3 h;红外光谱图证实了接枝物的生成。     

马来酸酐接枝乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物的研究

以过氧化物为引发剂、马来酸酐（MAH）为单体,采用溶液法对乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物（EBA）进行接枝改性,并用傅立叶红外光谱技术对接枝物（EBA—g—MAH）进行了表征。系统考察了引发剂种类及用量、反应温度、反应时间、单体用量等因素对接枝率及熔体流动速率的影响。实验结果显示,EBA接枝MAH的优化反应条件是：原料配比为m（EBA）：m（MAH）：m（BPO）=100：2：0．28,反应时间为4h,反应温度为90℃,接枝率可达0．78％。随着反应温度的升高,接枝物的熔体流动速率急剧下降。不同的过氧化物引发剂对接枝反应的影响明显不同,与过氧化二异丙苯（DCP）相比,选择过氧化二苯甲酰（BPO）为引发剂,接枝效果较好,同时所得接枝物的MFR值适中。     

聚丙烯（PP）／黏土复合材料熔融剂的研究

以马来酸酐（MAH）等为单体接枝聚丙烯作为聚丙烯（PP）／黏土复合材料熔融剂,考察了马来酸酐用量、引发剂过氧化苯甲酰（BPO）用量、反应时间、温度等因素对产物接枝率的影响,并通过红外光谱图对PP-g-MAH进行表征。结果表明,当m（PP）：m（复配单体）：m（BPO）=10．0：2．0：0．6、反应温度控制在120℃左右、复配单体为马来酸酐／苯乙烯时,熔融剂PP-g-MAH的接枝率可获得较大值3．9％。实验同时表明,反应时间对接枝率的影响不大;苯乙烯的加入对接枝率有较大的影响,与普通单体单一马来酸酐相比,加入苯乙烯的接枝率明显提高。     

固相接枝法制备聚丙烯相容剂

通过固相接枝法将甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯（GMA）、苯乙烯（St）接枝到聚丙烯（PP）主链上制得聚丙烯相容剂。讨论了界面剂、引发剂、GMA、St、反应时间与反应温度对产物接枝率的影响,结果发现这些实验条件均对聚丙烯相容剂接枝率产生较大的影响,最佳的制备条件为m（PP）：m（GMA）：m（St）：m（BPO）：m（二甲苯）=100：15：15：1：10,反应温度为120℃,反应时间为1h。     

CR/BMA二元接枝共聚氯丁胶粘剂的研制

以甲基丙烯酸丁酯（BMA）为接枝单体，甲苯、乙酸乙酯为溶剂，过氧化苯甲（BPO）为引发剂，在氯丁橡胶（CR）上进行接枝共聚。制备出CR-g-BMA二元接枝共聚胶粘剂，探讨了反应温度、反应时间、原料配比和引发剂用量等对接枝率和产物性能的影响，并用TG和DSC对接枝共聚物进行了表征。结果表明，反应温度80℃、反应时间4h、引发剂用量为CR质量的0．9％～1．2％、CR与BMA的质量比为25：100时，单体转化率和接枝率较高，产物性能较好。     

聚乙烯蜡溶液接枝马来酸酐工艺优化的研究

以BPO为引发剂、聚乙烯蜡（PEW）和马来酸酐（MAH）为反应物，采用溶液法合成聚乙烯蜡接枝马来酸酐（PEW-g-MAH），使用L。（3。）正交实验表考察不同反应温度、时间、MAH和BPO用量对PEW-g-MAH接枝率的影响。红外分析表明MAH已经接枝到PEW分子链上；在PEW用量为10g、MAH为1．40g、BPO为0-10g、温度100℃、反应时间60min条件下，可得到接枝率为2．95％的PEW—g—MAH。     

The Adhesion Properties of an Ozone Modified Thermoplastic Olefin Elastomer

The adhesion properties of a thermoplastic olefin elastomer (TPO) after ozone exposure are studied with attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR), the lap shear test, and contact angle measurement. The ozone treatment is applied after the TPO is dip-coated with acrylic acid (AA) that is mixed with benzophenone, benzoyl peroxide (BPO), and azobisisobutyronitrile initiators. ATR spectra confirm the presence of grafted AA on TPO, the amount of which depends on the ozone exposure time and the type of initiator applied. The total surface energy, the polar component, and lap shear strength (LSS) of the grafted TPO increase with increasing ozone exposure time and also vary with the initiator. All AA-grafted TPOs have much greater LSS than the TPO without AA. The greatest LSS is obtained from the specimen grafted with AA and BPO. In addition, the small differences in surface energies and failure strains associated with the great changes in LSS obtained from various specimens implies that the nature of the grafted layer has a significant effect on the adhesion strength.     

PE塑料胶黏剂的研制

以甲苯为溶剂,过氧化二苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂,通过自由基聚合,采用丙烯酸(AA)接枝改性氯化聚丙烯(CPP),得到一种PE胶黏剂。研究了反应温度、反应时间、AA和BPO的质量对CPP胶黏剂改性的黏附性能的影响;得出较佳的工艺条件为:反应温度T=90℃,反应时间t=3h,反应物料的质量比m(CPP):m(AA):m(BPO)=100:3.0:0.5时,改性的CPP胶黏剂有较高的黏接强度。     

聚丙烯纤维接枝丙烯酸反应条件优化

The optimum conditions of grafting copolymerization reaction of acrylic acid (AA) onto polypropylene (PP) fiber was studied by using benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as initiator. The primary and secondary sequences of the grafting copolymerization reaction conditions was analysed. The results showed that grafting copolymerization reaction was greatly influenced by the temperature, reaction time, concentration of BPO and that of AA in the primary and secondary role as the above sequence. The optimum reaction conditions of gaining higher exchange capacity for the weak acidic cation-exchange fiber are as follows: the grafting temperature 80℃, the reaction time 7h, the concentration of BPO 2% and AA 80%.     

聚乳酸溶液接枝丙烯酸及与淀粉共混研究

通过溶液聚合法,合成了聚乳酸（PLA）与丙烯酸（AA）的接枝共聚物PLA-g-AA,用以改善PLA与淀粉熔融共混物的相容性。研究了不同的接枝工艺条件对共聚物接枝率的影响,并考察了接枝聚乳酸与淀粉共混物的力学性能和结晶性。结果表明,最佳工艺条件是淀粉含量70%、接枝物含量15%、反应温度170℃、反应时间10min。在此条件下共混物的拉伸强度可达到27.35MPa,弹性模量728.22MPa,断裂伸长率达到3.59%。     

Properties of grafted wood flour filled poly (lactic acid) composites by reactive extrusion

Composites of poly(lactic acid) with wood flour which was grafted by melt extruding with methyl acrylate in the presence of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) were investigated. The modification of filler (WF-g-PMA) was carried out to enhance the filler-matrix interactions, while the treated component was characterized by infrared spectrum. Properties of binary (PLA/WF, PLA/WF-g-MA) composites were analyzed as a function of the grafting monomer amount by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimeter, thermogravimetric analysis, water absorption and mechanical tests. Compared with the untreated system (PLA/WF), all treated composites showed higher interfacial compatibility as a result of chemical bonding between WF and grated monomer. All composites showed higher tensile modulus and lower strength and elongation at break as compared to pure PLA; grafting modification with methyl acrylate led to an increased stiffness and decreased water absorption of the composites because of an enhanced filler-matrix interfacial compatibility.     

Synthesis of styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene triblock copolymer‐g‐polylactic acid copolymer and its potential application as a toughener for polylactic acid

The copolymer of styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene triblock copolymer‐g‐polylactic acid (SEBS‐g‐PLA) was successfully prepared using a novel solvothermal synthetic method, in which the graft copolymerization of PLA and SEBS was simply performed in cholorform solution at 100–150°C with benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as initiator. The effect of various factors including the reaction temperature and time and the content of BPO and PLA on the graft copolymerization was investigated in detail. It is found that the optimal reaction condition for the grafted copolymers SEBS‐g‐PLA was 120°C for 5 h, while the optimal formulation of SEBS/PLA/BPO was 5 g/2 g/0.5 g in 30 mL chloroform. The properties and microstructures of the obtained SEBS‐g‐PLA copolymers were also studied. The tensile strength and elongation at break were higher than that of pure SEBS and improved with the increase of grafting degree. In addition, SEBS‐g‐PLA copolymer possessed two‐phase structure with vague phase boundaries. The as‐prepared SEBS‐g‐PLA copolymers can be used as the toughening component to improve the impact strength of PLA. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011     

丙烯酸改性氯化聚丙烯的合成和粘接性能的研究

氯化聚丙烯是聚丙烯的氯化改性产物，通过改性，其硬度、耐磨性、耐酸性、耐盐水性能比聚丙烯都好，耐热、耐老化性也优于聚丙烯。但其性能尤其是粘接性能还不能满足其在胶粘刺等方面的需要，为了进一步提高氯化聚丙烯的粘接性能，拓宽其应用领域，需对氯化聚丙烯改性。接枝共聚法是一种很好的化学改性方法。本文以丙烯酸(AA)作为接枝单体，以过氧化苯甲酰(BPO)为引发剂，以甲苯为溶刺，采用液相接枝共聚法，将丙烯酸单体接枝到氯化聚丙烯大分子链上，得到丙烯酸改性氯化聚丙烯产物。系统研究了反应温度、反应时间、引发剂过氧化苯甲酰用量和丙烯酸单体用量等因素对丙烯酸接枝改性的氯化聚丙烯产物粘接性能的影响，得出了较佳的工艺条件是反应温度T=100℃，反应时间t=3．5h，原料质量配比为100份氯化聚丙烯、3份丙烯酸和0．3份的过氧化二苯甲酰。研究还表明，丙烯酸改性的氯化聚丙烯的粘接性能优于氯化聚丙烯的粘接性能。     

A pH‐sensitive porous chitosan membrane prepared via surface grafting copolymerization in supercritical carbon dioxide

We report the successful grafting copolymerization of acrylic acid (AA) on a crosslinked porous chitosan membrane in supercritical carbon dioxide at pressures ranging from 13 to 25 MPa with the use of benzyl peroxide (BPO) as the reduction–oxidation free radical initiator. The effects of reaction pressure, initiator concentration, monomer concentration, reaction temperature and reaction time on grafting yield (GY) were investigated. GY initially increases and then decreases with increasing polymerization temperature and AA and BPO concentrations. The optimum grafting conditions to obtain maximum GY are as follows: 8 h reaction time, 80 °C reaction temperature, 3.05 × 10^?2 g mL^?1 AA concentration, 3 × 10^?3 g mL^?1 BPO concentration and 16 MPa reaction pressure. The water flux of the grafted chitosan membranes decreases with pH from 2 to 7, even at considerably low GY (0.95 wt%). A novel and green modification method has been developed for the preparation of biopolymer‐based membranes. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry     

聚乙烯的化学改性——丙烯酸在聚乙烯上的接枝共聚及其表征

在二甲苯溶液中以过氧化苯甲酰为引发剂研究了丙烯酸在聚乙烯上的接枝共聚。讨论了反应温度、单体浓度和引发剂浓度对接枝率的影响。用红外光谱、ＸＰＳ、薄层色谱和接触角证实了接枝物的存在。又制备了接枝物钠盐。     

Effect of interfacial area on heterogeneous free radical grafting of vinyl monomers in supercritical carbon dioxide: Grafting of acrylic acid on poly(vinylidenefluoride) nanoparticles

The role of the polymer interfacial area on free radical grafting of acrylic acid (AA) onto poly(vinylidenefluoride) (PVDF) was studied at 65°C using supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO₂) as a solvent and swelling agent, benzoylperoxide (BPO) as chemical initiator and PVDF nanoparticles as polymer matrix. Under adopted conditions PVDF particles do not melt neither dissolve in the reaction medium and FTIR analyses performed on carefully washed nanoparticles confirmed the achievement of high grafting levels. The mass fraction of grafted AA increased with the grafting time and the BPO concentration while it decreased when the density of the fluid phase was enhanced. Collected results suggest that the grafting level obtained by free radical grafting of vinyl monomers onto solid polymer in scCO₂ can be significantly enhanced by increasing the interfacial area of the matrix. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015 , 132, 41541.