EPDM/CR共混物的研究

研究了橡胶共混比、硫化体系、高耐磨炭黑用量及共混工艺等对ＥＰＤＭ／ＣＲ共混物性能的影响,考察了共混物的力学性能、耐高温硝酸性能、热空气老化性能、耐辐射性能和相容性。试验结果表明,采用炭黑全部加入ＥＰＤＭ中然后与ＣＲ混合的共混工艺,所得硫化胶的力学性能超过两种橡胶硫化胶力学性能的加和值;共混胶中ＥＰＤＭ采用硫黄硫化才能得到比较好的力学性能。硫化动力学研究表明ＣＲ的硫化速度较ＥＰＤＭ的硫化速度对温度的依赖性小。ＤＳＣ和ＤＶＡ分析结果表明共混胶具有两个明显的玻璃化转变温度,为热力学不相容体系。研制的ＥＰＤＭ／ＣＲ共混物具有耐老化、耐高温硝酸、耐辐射、粘合好等优良性能。     

高聚合度聚氯乙烯/SBR动态硫化共混物力学性能的研究

采用动态硫化法制备了高聚合度聚氯乙烯（ＨＰＶＣ）／ＳＢＲ共混型热塑性弹性体。考察了硫化体系、硫化条件、相容剂种类和用量以及返炼次数对共混物力学性能的影响。结果表明,加入１～３份不同种类的相容剂均可明显改善共混物的力学性能,其中嵌段共聚物ＳＥＢＳ的作用效果最佳     

有机过氧化物动态硫化HPVC/SBR共混体系力学性能的研究*

采用有机过氧化物硫化体系,通过动态硫化方法制备高聚合度聚氯乙烯（ＨＰＶＣ）／ＳＢＲ共混型热塑性弹性体,测试共混物硫化胶的力学性能。结果表明,当ＨＰＶＣ／ＳＢＲ并用比为８０／２０,过氧化二异丙苯（硫化剂ＤＣＰ）用量为１５份时,加入１～３份不同种类的相容剂,可改善共混物的力学性能,其中以氯化聚乙烯（ＣＰＥ）的作用效果最好;返炼次数对共混物力学性能没有明显影响     

氯化亚锡对BR/CPE共混物自硫化的影晌

在ＢＲ／ＣＰＥ自硫化共混物中加入少量氯化亚锡（０．５－２份）能显著促进自硫化反应，增大硫化速度和交联密度，共混物凝胶含量达到９８％，进一步增大氯化亚锡用量对共混物硫化和硫化胶性能无显著影响。ＢＲ／ＣＰＥ共混物用炭黑和白炭黑作补强剂较好，补强剂用量为３０份较合适；ＣＰＥ用量较大，共混物的物理性能较好。     

两种软化剂对动态硫化PP／POE／胶粉热塑性弹性体性能的影响

采用动态硫化法制备了PP／POE／胶粉共混型热塑性弹性体．研究了两种软化剂（环烷油和石蜡油）对体系力学性能、加工性能及耐热氧老化性能的影响。结果表明：环烷油和石蜡油能有效改善体系的加工流动性．降低硬度;随软化剂用量的增加．体系力学性能有所下降;含环烷油的体系力学性能保持率好于含石蜡油的体系;采用15份环烷油,体系综合性能较好。     

锡偶联型溶聚丁苯橡胶/天然橡胶共混物的性能

研究了不同共混比的锡偶联型溶聚丁苯橡胶／天然橡胶（ＳＳＢＲ／ＮＲ）共混物的生胶及硫化胶的性能及断裂形态。实验表明,ＳＳＢＲ／ＮＲ共混物具有单一的玻璃化转变温度、共混体系为相容体系。ＳＳＢＲ与ＮＲ共混后,改善了ＳＳＢＲ的加工性能,提高其拉伸细度和撕裂强度。当ＳＳＢＲ／ＮＲ（质量比）为８０／２０时,共混物的硫化胶具有最优的力学性能。     

PVC／SBR热塑性弹性体的研制

以ＡＢＳ、氯丁橡胶（ＣＲ）、马来酸酐（ＭＡ）接枝ＳＢＲ（ＳＢＲ－ＭＡ）作增容剂对ＰＶＣ／ＳＢＲ的共混比、增容剂、增塑剂用量做了优化选择。同时对动态硫化ＰＶＣ／ＳＢＲ的硫化体系、硫化工艺条件进行了探讨,并比较了动态硫化对共混体性能的影响。结果表明：ＰＶＣ／ＳＢＲ为８０／２０,增容剂ＡＢＳ／ＳＢＲ－ＭＡ为５／５时,选用半有效硫化体系,１６５℃下动态硫化６ｍｉｎ,共混物综合性能最佳     

BR9075／SBR共混胶的性能研究

讨论了炭黑变量对充油顺丁橡胶（ＢＲ９０７５）／丁苯橡交（ＳＢＲ１５０２）和顺丁橡胶（ＢＲ９０００）／充油丁苯橡胶（ＳＢＲ１７１２）两种共混胶物理性能的影响，结果表明ＢＦ９０７５／ＳＢＲ１７１２共混胶物理性能和Ｂｒａｂｅｎｄｅｒ挤出性能的影响，认为该共混体系的理想共混比为ＢＲ９０７５／ＳＢＲ１７１２＝４０／６０，中超耐磨炭黑最佳用量为７５份。     

用合成相容剂制备NBR/PP动态硫化共混型热塑性弹性体的研究

用马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯（ＭＰ）／胺／端羧基液体工腈橡胶（ＣＴＢＮ）反应，生成ＰＰ－ＮＢＲ嵌段共聚物作为相容剂制备ＮＢＲ／ＰＰ动态硫化共混型热塑性弹性体效果很好，其中尤以ＭＰ／１．６－己二胺／ＣＴＢＮ效果最为理想。相容剂用量控制在６％左右。ＰＰ的熔融指数越小，共混体的性能越好。硫化体系采用酚酸树脂２４０２／氯化亚锡（８／０．５）、加入一定量的增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二辛酯和补强剂高耐磨炭黑，可获得性能较好的共混体。     

提高SBR/PP热塑性弹性体流动性的配方研究

研究了硫化体系、填充体系对共混型热塑性弹性体SBR／PP性能的影响,通过正交设计及对共混物流变性能的测试,考察了添加助剂对共混物流变性能的影响。试验表明：采用硫磺硫化体系、由白炭黑进行填充,各种添加助荆用量分别为：环烷油：10份;聚乙烯蜡：4份;硬脂酸锌：3份时,共混物综合性能较好。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.