氨基磺酸催化合成苯甲醛缩乙二醇

选取氨基磺酸催化合成苯甲醛缩乙二醇,通过苯甲醛与乙二醇的反应合成了苯甲醛缩乙二醇,探究了缩醛反应的反应活性,充分研究了醇醛的投料比、催化剂投入量、反应时间、带水剂用量等多个因素对产品收率的影响。实验表明:n(醇)∶n(醛)=3.0∶1.0,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的3.0%,甲苯为带水剂,反应时间1.5 h的优化条件下,苯甲醛缩乙二醇收率可达92.1%。     

SO_4~(2-)/γ-Al_2O_3催化合成苯甲醛缩乙二醇

以SO42-/γ-Al2O3为催化剂,以苯甲醛和乙二醇为原料进行缩合反应合成了苯甲醛缩乙二醇。考察了催化剂的制备条件如硫酸浸渍浓度、焙烧温度对催化活性的影响;同时也考察了反应条件如反应物摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间对苯甲醛转化率的影响。结果表明,SO42-/γ-Al2O3是合成苯甲醛缩乙二醇的良好催化剂。催化剂的最佳制备条件为:硫酸浸渍浓度2.5 mol.L-1,焙烧温度650℃;最佳反应条件为:苯甲醛0.05 mol,n(苯甲醛)∶n(乙二醇)=1∶2,催化剂1.0 g,带水剂环己烷5 mL,100℃回流反应120 min。此时苯甲醛转化率可达96.51%。催化剂可回收利用,回收效率取决于焙烧温度。     

氨基磺酸催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的研究

以苯甲醛和乙二醇为原料,采用氨基磺酸作催化剂合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛,考察了影响反应的主要因素.结果表明,反应的优化条件为:n(苯甲醛)∶n(乙二醇)∶n(氨基磺酸)=1∶2.0∶0.082、带水剂环己烷10 mL、反应时间75 min,此时缩醛产率可达93.07%.     

SO4^2-/γ-Al2O3催化合成苯甲醛缩乙二醇

以SO42-/γ-Al2O3为催化剂,以苯甲醛和乙二醇为原料进行缩合反应合成了苯甲醛缩乙二醇。考察了催化剂的制备条件如硫酸浸渍浓度、焙烧温度对催化活性的影响;同时也考察了反应条件如反应物摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间对苯甲醛转化率的影响。结果表明,SO42-/γ-Al2O3是合成苯甲醛缩乙二醇的良好催化剂。催化剂的最佳制备条件为：硫酸浸渍浓度2.5 mol.L-1,焙烧温度650℃;最佳反应条件为：苯甲醛0.05 mol,n（苯甲醛）∶n（乙二醇）=1∶2,催化剂1.0 g,带水剂环己烷5 mL,100℃回流反应120 min。此时苯甲醛转化率可达96.51%。催化剂可回收利用,回收效率取决于焙烧温度。     

单质碘催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛

报道了以单质碘为催化剂,通过苯甲醛和乙二醇反应合成了苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛。系统考察了醛醇物质量比,催化剂用量,以及反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响。确定的适宜工艺条件为n(苯甲醛)∶n(乙二醇)=1∶1.8,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0.3%,带水剂环己烷8mL,反应时间1.0h。在此反应条件下,苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的收率可达84.9%.     

D72树脂催化合成丁醛缩乙二醇

以D72树脂为催化剂,丁醛和乙二醇为原料,合成丁醛缩乙二醇。考察了原料配比、催化剂用量、反应时间和带水剂用量对反应的影响。实验表明,丁醛乙二醇缩醛合成反应的最佳条件是:n(丁醛)∶n(乙二醇)=1∶2,D72固体树脂用量为原料总质量的10%,环己烷用量10 mL,回流温度为130℃,反应时间2.5 h,丁醛缩乙二醇的收率达94.2%。且催化剂可以重复使用。     

硅钨酸催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛

以硅钨酸为催化剂,对以苯甲醛和乙二醇为原料合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的反应条件进行了研究。实验表明:硅钨酸是合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的良好催化剂,较系统地研究了醛醇摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间诸因素对收率的影响。最佳反应条件为:n(苯甲醛)∶n(乙二醇)=1∶2.1,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的1.0%,环己烷为带水剂,反应时间60min。上述条件下,苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的收率可达83.9%。     

强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化合成苯乙醛缩乙二醇

以强酸性阳离子交换树脂（D001）为催化剂，用苯乙醛和乙二醇合成苯乙醛缩乙二醇，该反应最佳的反应条件是：n（苯乙醛）：n（乙二醇）为1：1．6，D001用量为1．5g，环己烷10mL（苯乙醛为0．1mol时），反应温度为95℃左右，回流1．5小时，苯乙醛缩乙二醇的产率达90．2％。     

以浓硫酸改性煤基活性炭为固体酸催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛

以浓硫酸改性煤基活性炭为催化剂,以苯甲醛和乙二醇为原料合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的反应条件进行了研究.较系统的研究了醛醇摩尔比、催化剂用量、带水剂用量、反应时间诸因素对产率的影响.实验结果表明:最佳反应条件为:n(苯甲醛)∶n(乙二醇)=1∶2.3,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0.27%,8.0 mL环己烷为带水剂,反应时间70.0 min,苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛收率可达85.4%.该固体酸重复使用4次催化活性基本不变.     

磷钨钼杂多酸掺杂聚苯胺催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛

以磷钨钼杂多酸掺杂聚苯胺为催化剂,通过苯甲醛和乙二醇反应合成了苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛。系统考察了醛醇物质量比,催化剂用量,以及反应时间诸因素对产品收率的影响。确定的适宜工艺条件为n(苯甲醛)∶n(乙二醇)=1∶1.4,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的0.8%,带水剂环己烷12 mL,反应时间45 m in。在此反应条件下,苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的收率可达79.0%。该催化剂具有用量少、反应时间短、催化活性高、无环境污染等优点。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。