乙醇提取-丙酮沉淀法提取分离茶皂素的工艺研究

以油茶饼粕为原料，采用乙醇提取-丙酮沉淀法对茶皂素进行提取分离。以茶皂素纯度和得率为考察指标，对乙醇体积分数、液料比、提取温度、提取时间、提取次数、提取液浓缩程度和丙酮用量等工艺参数进行了单因素优化。结果表明：体积分数95%的乙醇为提取溶剂，乙醇与预处理过的油茶饼粕液料比为9：1（mL：g），提取温度为70℃，提取时间为4 h，提取次数为2次，提取液浓缩至刚好有固体析出，丙酮用量为4倍浓缩液体积量时提取分离效果较佳，得到的茶皂素纯度为85.17%，得率为9.82%。不同溶剂打浆对产品纯化效果的比较发现：丙酮、乙酸乙酯、无水乙醇、体积分数95%的乙醇作为打浆纯化溶剂用于提高茶皂素纯度效果均不明显。     

超声辅助优化小麦胚芽中总黄酮提取工艺

超声辅助提取小麦胚芽中黄酮类化合物,考察料液比、乙醇体积分数、提取时间、提取温度对小麦胚芽黄酮得率的影响。结果表明,各因素影响的主次顺序为:乙醇体积分数>料液比>提取温度>提取时间;提取最佳工艺为:料液比1∶30 g/mL,乙醇体积分数40%,提取时间60 min,提取温度50℃。在此最佳条件下,小麦胚芽总黄酮的得率为1.52%。     

超声辅助优化小麦胚芽中总黄酮提取工艺

超声辅助提取小麦胚芽中黄酮类化合物,考察料液比、乙醇体积分数、提取时间、提取温度对小麦胚芽黄酮得率的影响。结果表明,各因素影响的主次顺序为:乙醇体积分数料液比提取温度提取时间;提取最佳工艺为:料液比1∶30 g/mL,乙醇体积分数40%,提取时间60 min,提取温度50℃。在此最佳条件下,小麦胚芽总黄酮的得率为1.52%。     

茶皂素提取条件的优化及纯化研究

以油茶茶籽粕为原料，采用乙醇水溶液提取茶皂素。在茶籽粉和乙醇料液比1 : 9(g : mL)，乙醇体积分数60%，提取温度60 ℃和提取时间3 h的最佳条件下茶皂素的提取得率达14.9%。用NKA-9型大孔吸附树脂吸附纯化茶皂素粗品，树脂静态吸附与解吸结果表明：树脂静态吸附茶皂素粗提液0.5 h基本饱和，体积分数80%乙醇解吸率为91.1%；动态吸附与解吸时，上样流速8 mL/min较佳，吸附率为66.04%，体积分数80%乙醇洗脱，洗脱流速5.0 mL/min，洗脱体积50 mL时，可使流出液中茶皂素质量浓度在1.25~1.57 g/L之间，茶皂素纯度为95%。     

龙眼茶茶粕中茶皂素提取工艺的研究

以永泰龙眼茶茶粕为原料,考察乙醇浓度、浸提时间、料液比、浸提温度等因素对茶皂素提取的影响,并进一步考察了超声波辅助提取茶皂素的工艺条件。结果表明,茶皂素的最佳提取工艺条件为:浸提时间为2 h,乙醇浓度为75%,料液比为1∶4,提取溶液温度为80℃。超声波辅助提取茶皂素的最佳工艺条件为:超声频率为40 k Hz,超声功率为500 W,浸提时间为50 min,乙醇浓度为75%,料液比为1∶4,提取溶液温度为80℃。利用超声波辅助乙醇法提取茶皂素的得率为12.9%,茶皂素纯度为65.6%。     

龙眼茶茶粕中茶皂素提取工艺的研究

以永泰龙眼茶茶粕为原料,考察乙醇浓度、浸提时间、料液比、浸提温度等因素对茶皂素提取的影响,并进一步考察了超声波辅助提取茶皂素的工艺条件。结果表明,茶皂素的最佳提取工艺条件为:浸提时间为2 h,乙醇浓度为75%,料液比为1∶4,提取溶液温度为80℃。超声波辅助提取茶皂素的最佳工艺条件为:超声频率为40 k Hz,超声功率为500 W,浸提时间为50 min,乙醇浓度为75%,料液比为1∶4,提取溶液温度为80℃。利用超声波辅助乙醇法提取茶皂素的得率为12.9%,茶皂素纯度为65.6%。     

山药活性成分的提取

对鲜山药中水溶性粗多糖的提取工艺进行了研究.通过单因素实验和L9(34)正交实验,研究了料液比、提取温度、提取时间和乙醇体积分数对粗多糖得率的影响.极差分析及方差分析结果表明,乙醇体积分数和提取温度是影响山药粗多糖提取的主要因素.最佳工艺条件为:料水比1 g∶15 mL,浸提温度100 ℃,浸提时间3 h,乙醇体积分数5%.在此工艺条件下,鲜山药多糖的得率为2.32%.     

响应面法优化固定超声辅助提取玫瑰花黄酮的工艺

以玫瑰花为原料,固定超声法辅助乙醇提取黄酮,并采用响应面法进行工艺优化.主要考查了乙醇体积分数、料液比、提取温度、提取时间对黄酮提取得率的影响,优选较佳提取工艺参数:乙醇体积分数60％,料液比0.5:13 g/mL,提取温度50℃,提取时间76 min,此条件下黄酮提取得率3.77％.     

广玉兰叶总黄酮的提取工艺研究

以广玉兰叶为原料、乙醇为溶剂提取总黄酮,考察了提取温度、提取时间、乙醇体积分数、料液比对总黄酮得率的影响,通过L9 (34)正交实验确定广玉兰叶总黄酮的最佳提取条件为:乙醇体积分数50%,料液比1:45(g:mL),提取温度80℃,提取时间2.5 h.此时,广玉兰叶总黄酮得率为16.362 mg·g-1.     

超声波辅助乙醇法提取茶皂素工艺优化

以脱脂后的茶籽饼粕为原料,采用超声波辅助乙醇法提取茶皂素,并用香草醛-浓硫酸显色法测定茶皂素提取率。以茶皂素提取率为考核指标,通过单因素实验和正交实验确定最佳的提取工艺条件为:乙醇体积分数80%、超声波功率400 W、超声波作用时间40min、温度50℃、液料比8∶1(mL∶g),在此条件下,茶皂素提取率达到13.27%。     

Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Tea Saponin and Its Application on Cleaning of Historic Silks

Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was utilized to extract tea saponin from oil-tea camellia seed cake. The factors influencing the extraction efficiency were studied, including the effects of microwave power, irradiation duration, temperature, ratio of solvent to material and aqueous ethanol concentration. By systematic orthogonal experiments, the optimal extraction technology was determined. Compared with a conventional extraction method, MAE shows great advantages with the extraction time reduced from 6 h to 4 min, 50 % organic solvent saved and about 14 % extraction yield enhanced. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy testing and high performance liquid chromatography analysis proved that the extracted resultants were tea saponin with similar compounds as a standard tea saponin. The extracted tea saponin was applied on the cleaning of historic silks and showed good removal effect on the stains. This work provides useful information for fully use of oil-tea camellia seed cake and new applications of tea saponin at the protection of historic textiles.     

微波辅助提取党参皂甙工艺研究

本文以烘干恒重的党参粉末为原料,研究微波提取法和乙醇浸提法的提取工艺和影响因素,并将这两种优化工艺条件进行比较。这两种方法都是以乙醇作为提取溶剂,分别研究溶剂浓度、液固比、提取时间、乙醇浸提的提取温度或微波提取的微波功率对党参皂甙提取率的影响。结果表明,微波提取法中4个因素影响党参皂甙提取率的主次顺序为乙醇浓度加热时间液固比微波功率,此方法的最佳提取工艺条件为:乙醇浓度为70%,液固比为80mL.g-1,提取时间为10×20s,微波功率为320W,皂甙提取率为3.15%。乙醇浸提法中4个因素影响党参皂甙提取率的主次顺序为乙醇浓度液固比加热时间提取温度,此方法的最佳提取工艺条件优化条件为:乙醇浓度为70%,液固比80mL.g-1,加热时间为80min,提取温度70℃,提取率为2.17%。结果证明,微波提取党参皂甙具有简便快速、高效节能、重复性好的优点。     

Separation of Tea Saponin by Two-Stage Continuous Foam Fractionation

A technology of two-stage continuous foam fractionation for tea saponin recovery was studied for increasing both the enrichment ratio and the recovery percentage. In the first stage, the effect of air flow rate, the initial pH, the feed flow rate, and the feed position were studied at a temperature of 60°C. The results showed that when the conditions of the first stage were at a temperature of 60°C, air flow rate 150 mL/min, pH 5.3, feed flow rate 1.92 mL/min, and feed position at the interface between the liquid phase and the foam phase, the enrichment ratio, and the recovery percentage of tea saponin were 4.02 and 56.4%, respectively, and the effluent solution was added to the second stage as the initial solution. When the conditions of the second stage were at a temperature of 30°C and an air flow rate of 300 mL/min, the recovery percentage of tea saponin reached 47.6%, and the foamate was added to the first stage as feed solution. The total recovery percentage of tea saponin reached 86.3% by the two-stage continuous foam fractionation.     

绿茶中儿茶素的最佳提取条件研究

为了获得儿茶素乙醇提取工艺的最佳条件,主要研究了乙醇浓度、浸提温度和浸提时间对儿茶素乙醇提取效果的影响。依据儿茶素与香荚兰素的羟醛缩合生成红色产物的显色反应原理,以无机强酸为催化剂,用分光光度法对提取物中儿茶素含量进行测定。结果表明乙醇浓度、浸提温度、浸提时间对提取效果均有影响。正交试验结果表明,儿茶素的最佳提取和纯化条件为:乙醇浓度为75%,浸提温度为88.4℃,浸提时间为1.5 h,影响儿茶素提取效果的因素依次为:浸提温度>浸提时间>乙醇浓度。     

白鹤藤总皂苷提取条件蹬优化

采用单因素实验设计优选白鹤藤总皂苷的超声波乙醇浸提法提取条件,白鹤藤中所含有的总皂苷经5％香草醛-冰醋酸和高氯酸（1：4）混合液处理后显色,用分光光度法在波长445nm处测定吸光值。最终确定白鹤藤总皂苷的最佳超声波乙醇浸提提取条件为：以75％乙醇为提取剂,温度75℃,超声波浸提提取时间45min,料液比1：20,超声波功率100MHz。用本法提取白鹤藤总皂苷经济简便无污染。     

Extraction and Fermentation‐Based Purification of Saponins from Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn.

In the present study, the extraction and purification of saponins from Sapindus mukorossi Gaertn. were examined for effective utilization of the saponin resource. Saponins were extracted from S. mukorossi Gaertn. using water. The conditions of the water extraction process, including extraction temperature, extraction time, number of times of extraction, and solvent‐material ratio were optimized. The yield of total Sapindus saponins (TSS) from the pericarp was 33.41 % and its purity in the extract was 45.71 %. The saponin solution was further concentrated to 1/6–1/7 of its original volume, and dried yeast BV818 that adapted to the concentrated Sapindus saponins solution (SW) was screened. The activation conditions, inoculum amount, fermentation temperature, and fermentation period were optimized. By using the dried yeast under optimized conditions, the purity was increased to 75.50 %. The yield of the byproduct ethanol was 5.33 % (w/v), while the content of TSS in the final product decreased from 18.29 to 15.30 % (w/v). These results could contribute to the development of industrial‐scale production of Sapindus saponins.     

香薷黄酮的超声波辅助提取

以脱脂后的香薷油粕为原料,采用超声波辅助提取法提取香薷中的黄酮,分光光度法测定黄酮含量。分析溶剂浓度、料液比、提取时间、提取温度等因素对黄酮提取率的影响,采用正交实验优化提取条件。结果表明,香薷黄酮提取率的影响因素大小顺序为:料液比超声时间乙醇体积分数超声温度;最佳条件为:乙醇体积分数60%,料液比1∶30 g/mL,温度60℃,提取时间30 min;在此条件下黄酮的提取率为4.17%。     

大孔树脂对茶皂素的动态吸附工艺优化

以60％的粗茶皂素为原料,考察了不同大孔树脂对茶皂素的纯化效果,确定用A型树脂进行纯化。研究得出较佳动态吸附一脱附优化工艺为：乙醇浓度50％、上样液浓度30mg／mL、上样液流速1BV／h：洗脱液浓度80％、洗脱剂用量1．75BV、洗脱液流速为1BV／h。在此条件下树脂对茶皂紊的吸附率为96．07％,洗脱率达90．23％,所得茶皂素的纯度达88.90％。