中低温煤焦油电脱盐处理技术研究

采用电脱盐法,在破乳剂和脱金属剂共同作用下,对一种中低温煤焦油进行脱水、脱盐及脱金属预处理研究。确定电脱盐工艺最佳条件为:电场强度为1 000 V/cm,处理温度为140℃,注水比例为6%,破乳剂加入量为30~50 ppm,处理时间为20 min。在此工艺条件下处理后的煤焦油中盐含量由19.73 mg/L降低到12.96 mg/L,脱盐量达到34%以上,水含量由100%降低到13%,金属脱除量达到27%以上。经过预处理的煤焦油能够满足后续加工过程的需求。     

低腐蚀性原油脱金属剂的筛选及应用

通过对多种脱金属剂和缓蚀剂的筛选试验,筛选复配出具有较好脱钙、脱铁效果和腐蚀率低的低腐蚀性原油脱金属剂YX-F-107。其脱钙率和脱铁率分别为85.1%和64.2%,对碳钢的腐蚀率小于0.04 mm/a。工业试验结果表明:投加150 mg/L脱金属剂,脱后原油中钙离子含量小于10μg/g,脱钙率和脱铁率平均值分别为85.63%和53.18%。注入脱金属剂后,脱后原油中盐含量(Na Cl)小于3 mg/L,酸值基本不变,切水pH值均大于7,对下游工艺不产生影响。     

响应面法优化煤焦油加氢脱氮工艺

在小型固定床加氢装置上,研究煤焦油加氢脱氮工艺过程各参数对脱氮效果的影响。通过单因素考察和响应面分析法得到了加氢脱氮的优化工艺条件为:反应温度704.4K,反应压力13.48MPa,氢油体积比1600︰1,液体体积空速0.20h-1,产品氮含量为90～100μg/g。由于煤焦油的氮含量较高,要达到较好的加氢脱氮效果必须在高温、高压和低空速下进行。研究结果对煤焦油加氢改质工艺的深入研究提供了一定的理论基础和参考。     

煤焦油中金属及灰分脱除技术研究

对含金属有机盐的煤焦油,基于微滤技术,脱除喹啉不溶物(QI)。研究了以破乳和螯合剂为主的脱金属剂对有机盐脱除效果的影响,并优化复配。结果表明:采用高精度过滤后,脱金属和脱水的处理是可行的,其灰分最低可达到30 mg/kg;经过工艺优化,煤焦油脱金属前先进行水洗,脱除大部分氨盐及无机盐,能够有效减少脱金属剂的使用量;在煤焦油脱金属过程中适当加入稀释剂是有利的,可以降低煤焦油黏度,提高传质效率和脱金属效率。     

高温煤焦油脱水脱盐工艺优化研究

针对煤焦油原料中盐含量较高造成的设备磨损和蒸馏塔腐蚀等问题,选用一种典型的高温煤焦油为原料,分别研究破乳剂、破乳剂添加量、水添加量、温度和静置时间对高温煤焦油脱水脱盐效果的影响,并优化工艺条件。结果表明,破乳剂和温度是最主要的2个影响因素,并得到优化的脱水脱盐条件:优选醇类聚醚破乳剂,破乳剂的添加量为100 mg/kg,水添加量为20%,在130℃温度下恒温4 h,经处理后的高温煤焦油盐含量小于5 mg/kg,水含量小于1.50%。     

常减压蒸馏装置电脱盐优化操作及技术研究

介绍了某常减压蒸馏装置高速电脱盐工艺运行状况,针对进口原油种类、混炼比例变化较为频繁的工况,优化确定电脱盐混合强度和温度的操作优化区间,确定反相破乳剂和增脱剂的投加量。结果表明,当一级进口和二级进口的混合压差控制为50 k Pa和60 k Pa、电脱盐温度控制在125℃、反相破乳剂投加量35μg/g、增脱剂投加量40.5μg/g时,脱前盐含量下降至15.68 mg/L,脱后原油平均值下降至1.84 mg/L,脱除率91.5%,含盐3 mg/L合格率100%、2 mg/L以下为74.24%,金属离子下降74.8%,装置腐蚀控制良好,外排污水达到环保指标要求。     

驱油用表面活性剂SH03对原油电脱盐影响研究

在江汉钟市油田原油最佳电脱盐工艺条件下,研究了电脱盐前、后表面活性剂SH03对含盐、含水、总氯、有机氯、原油物性的影响。结果表明,表面活性剂SH03对电脱前原油的总氯、有机氯和原油的部分物性如酸值、硫含量、氮含量和部分金属含量等几乎没有影响,表面活性剂含量≤500μg/g时,对低温脱水、高温电脱盐及电脱后原油的总氯含量和有机氯影响较小。     

3.0 Mt/a常压装置高速电脱盐技术应用

延安炼油厂3. 0 Mt/a常压蒸馏装置采用国产先进的高速三级交直流电脱盐技术,投产后对操作参数进行调试、优化,取得了很好的效果。确定脱盐注水量≮6%,脱盐温度为110¹20℃,混合压差在0. 07120℃,混合压差在0. 07⁰. 10 MPa,破乳剂注入量为650. 10 MPa,破乳剂注入量为65⁷0μg/g,脱盐罐油水界位在50%70μg/g,脱盐罐油水界位在50%⁵5%(二、三级)、3555%(二、三级)、35⁴0%(一级)。脱后原油含盐量≤5mg/L、含水(痕迹),达到了炼厂指标要求,合格率一直保持100%。     

基于超临界流体萃取的渣油掺炼煤焦油的脱沥青油性能评价

为寻求减压渣油的有效利用,采用"超临界流体萃取技术"对减压渣油/煤焦油混合原料进行溶剂脱沥青实验,并对脱沥青油(DAO)性质进行了详细评价。结果表明,当煤焦油掺炼量低于20%时,脱沥青油收率明显提高;且相同收率下脱沥青油性质有所改善,其催化裂化反应性能明显优于减压渣油的脱沥青油。减压渣油掺炼煤焦油以溶剂脱沥青-催化裂化组合工艺进行加工有一定的优势和可行性。     

驱油用表面活性剂SH03对原油电脱盐影响研究

在江汉钟市油田原油最佳电脱盐工艺条件下,研究了电脱盐前、后表面活性剂SH03对含盐、含水、总氯、有机氯、原油物性的影响。结果表明,表面活性剂SH03对电脱前原油的总氯、有机氯和原油的部分物性如酸值、硫含量、氮含量和部分金属含量等几乎没有影响,表面活性剂含量≤500μg/g时,对低温脱水、高温电脱盐及电脱后原油的总氯含量和有机氯影响较小。     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

A study of miscibility of blends of polybutadienes of varying microstructure

The miscibility of various amorphous polybutadienes with mixed microstructures of 1,4 addition units (cis, 1,4 and trans 1,4) and 1,2 addition units have been investigated. The studies here involved optical transparency, differential scanning calorimetry, and small angle light scattering. It was found that a 90 percent (cis) 1, 4 addition polybutadiene was immiscible with high (91 percent) 1,2 addition polybutadiene. Reduction of the 1,2 content to 71 percent induced an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) with the cis 1,4 polymer. Polybutadienes with 50 percent and 10 percent 1,2 contents were miscible above the crystalline melting temperature of the cis 1,4 polybutadiene. Immiscibility of the 91 percent 1,2 addition polymer was also found with a 10 percent 1,2 polybutadiene. The latter polymer also exhibits an UCST with the 71 percent 1,2 polymer. The results are used to interpret the characteristics of blends of polybutadienes of varying microstructure.     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

粉煤灰中烧失量检测的不确定度分析

以F类粉煤灰为例,详细介绍了测定粉煤灰中烧失量的步骤、计算数学模型、影响测量不确定度的因素以及各项测量不确定度分量评定,人员、设备、材料、方法、环境都是影响测量不确定的因素。     

生物油的成分分析及物性测定

以添加FeCl2的ZnCl2-KCl混合熔盐裂解纤维素和秸秆,制得生物油。采用傅立叶变换红外光谱法和气相色谱-质谱法分析生物油的成分。结果表明,生物油中成分复杂,含有氧元素、多种有机化合物,主要包括酮类、醛类、酚类及羧酸类等。测定了20～80℃生物油的密度和粘度,发现生物油的密度与温度呈较好线性关系,而生物油的粘度均大于水的粘度,且不同熔盐体系对秸秆生物油的粘度无较大影响。     

分解炉扩径的技术改造

我厂3号回转窑(Φ4m×60m)生产线在1996年年底由SP窑(产量912t/d)改为NSP窑(产量1320t/d),预分解系统为四级旋风预热器带离线式分解炉     

Process of acceleration of filtration of viscose

Conclusions It is significant that the purification on a single passage of viscose through porous ceramic corresponds to the result of a two-stage filtration of it in industrial filter-presses with standard fillings.Kiev Combine. Kiev Technological Institute of Light Industry. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, pp. 20–22, May–June, 1969.     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on the kinetics of ultrasonic degradation of chitosan

The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the chitosan used on the degradation rate and rate constant during ultrasonic degradation. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process waste. Four different DD chitosans were prepared from chitin by alkali deacetylation. Those chitosans were degraded by ultrasonic radiation to different molecular weights. Changes of the molecular weight were determined by light scattering, and data of molecular weight changes were used to calculate the degradation rate and rate constant. The results were as follows: The molecular weight of chitosans decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. The curves of the molecular weight versus the ultrasonication time were broken at 1‐h treatment. The degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. This may be because the chances of being attacked by the cavitation energy increased with an increasing molecular weight species and may be because smaller molecular weight species have shorter relaxation times and, thus, can alleviate the sonication stress easier. However, the degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis increased with an increasing DD of the chitosan used. This may be because the flexibilitier molecules of higher DD chitosans are more susceptible to the shear force of elongation flow generated by the cavitation field or due to the bond energy difference of acetamido and β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage or hydrogen bonds. Breakage of the β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage will result in lower molecular weight and an increasing reaction rate and rate constant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3526–3531, 2003