Modelling the Rheological Properties of Epoxy Asphalt Concrete

This paper presents an investigation into modelling the rheological properties of epoxy asphalt concrete （EAC） by using the Huet-Sayegh model.Complex modulus tests were conducted on EAC specimens at various temperature and loading frequency conditions.Dynamic modulus and phase angles obtained from the complex modulus tests were used in the construction of the Huet-Sayegh model.The dynamic modulus master curve was developed by the Huet-Sayegh model as well as the Burgers model for comparison purpose.The results showed that EAC exhibits typical rheological behavior whose dynamic modulus decreases with the increase of temperature while increases with the increase of frequency,and phase angles increase with the decrease of frequencies and the increase of temperatures.The Huet-Sayegh model predicts the dynamic modulus master curve of EAC very well and much better than the Burgers model over a wide range of frequencies.     

基于数字图像处理和有限元建模方法的沥青混合料劈裂试验数值模拟

应用数字图像处理技术及工业CT扫描获得试件图像,结合有限元建模方法,建立了包含集料、空隙和胶浆在内的沥青混合料有限元模型,并模拟研究了沥青混合料劈裂试验。结果表明:通过定义应力集中因子,可用来描述沥青混合料内部应力的不均匀分布,级配类型、模量比、有无空隙及加载位置都对模拟结果有较大影响。采用DIP-FEM方法能够很好地将沥青混合料的微观结构和宏观力学性能结合起来。     

基于车辙试验优选沥青高温性能评价指标

选择6种沥青分别进行短期老化前后的常规试验、动态剪切流变试验以及重复蠕变恢复试验,得到常规7种高温性能评价指标。将指标排序结果与模拟沥青路面高温性能的沥青混合料车辙试验结果进行相关性分析,选择最优的沥青高温性能评价指标。     

基于流变学方法的沥青中高温性能及胶浆抗剪强度研究

为了探究不同改性剂对基质沥青各项性能指标的改性效果,选取三种不同的改性沥青,SBS改性沥青、TPE改性沥青和高黏高弹改性沥青,进行室内试验研究对比。通过改性沥青胶浆锥入度试验、PG高温分级试验、温度扫描试验和MSCR试验,从抗剪强度、中高温性能、抗永久变形及变形恢复等方面系统地评估三种改性沥青的路用效果。研究结果表明:改性沥青及胶浆的制备,需要将制备时间、剪切速率、温度等参数严格控制在合理的范围之内,保证材料满足要求;各种沥青胶浆抗剪强度与温度呈现良好的相关性,并且各个回归方程的相关系数R²非常高,TPE改性沥青胶浆有着较高的抗剪强度;三种改性沥青流变试验显示,TPE改性沥青的中高温抗变性能力和高温蠕变恢复能力最佳,高黏高弹改性沥青次之,SBS改性沥青低于前两种沥青。     

Creep Characteristics of Crumb Rubber Modified Asphalt Binder

Crumb rubber modified asphalt containing 20 percent crumb rubber particles of 30 mesh has been examined by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to observe the microcosmic appearance and the characteristic distribution of crumb rubber particles in asphalt. The SEM pictures reveal that the crumb rubber particles distribute evenly in the asphalt and they are compatible well with asphalt. The shear creep test of crumb rubber modified asphalt was carried out at -10 ℃ and 40 ℃ by Dynamic Shear Rheology (DSR). The shearing deformation at different temperature and creep stiffness modulus curve at loading stage of crumb rubber modified asphalt have been measured. The stiffness modulus of crumb rubber modified asphalt is much temperature sensitive and it decays much quick at the early stage of loading than normal asphalt. The rate of decay of stiffness modulus is slow at the subsequent stage and stiffness modulus approaches to a stable value at the final stage at a higher temperature. In addition, Burgers model is suitable to describe and simulate experimental results of viscoelastic properties of the crumb rubber modified asphalt.     

非饱和土等效时间流变模型

为了理论分析流变速率效应力学特性,需要建立非饱和土流变模型.首先把非饱和土屈服面分为LC和SI屈服面。其次根据LC屈服面的压缩蠕变公式,利用等效时间法建立相应的黏塑性体应变速率公式,结合巴塞罗那屈服方程和相关联流动法则,获得LC屈服面的三维流变速率方程,揭示了本文与Gennaro-Pereira提出的LC后继屈服面方程的异同。再次,根据SI屈服面的吸力压缩蠕变公式,利用等效时间法建立相应的黏塑性体应变速率方程.最后,把LC和SI屈服面的流变速率方程与弹性方程相结合,建立非饱和土等效时间三维弹黏塑性模型.当不考虑流变速率效应时,LC和SI流变屈服方程可以退化到巴塞罗那模型的塑性屈服方程.理论分析了非饱和土一维流变特性,并与土工试验数据进行对比,两者较为吻合。三轴加载条件下的流变特性数值分析结果表明,按不同方式施加到同一恒载时,随着恒载维持时间的增长,不同加载方式引起的体积流变趋向一致,但剪切流变有较明显的差别.     

超硬质沥青改性结合料流变性能分析

为研究超硬质沥青(super hard asphalt,SHA)对超硬质沥青结合料的高、低温流变的影响效果,采用SHA作为改性剂对AH-90道路石油沥青进行改性,制备了不同质量分数（5%、6%、7%和8%）的SHA改性结合料,并进行动态剪切流变试验、多应力蠕变恢复试验及小梁弯曲蠕变试验. 试验结果表明:其适用于时温等效原理;SHA的掺入会有效提高沥青结合料的车辙因子G^*/sin δ,沥青混合料的高温性能得到明显改善;随着SHA掺量的增加,沥青结合料的平均应变恢复率R逐渐升高,不可恢复蠕变柔量J_nr逐渐降低,掺加SHA有利于提高沥青结合料高温抗变形能力与变形恢复能力;随着SHA的掺入,沥青结合料的蠕变劲度S与蠕变劲度变化率m变化幅度不大,对沥青结合料的低温抗裂性能影响不大. SHA改性沥青结合料高温抗车辙性能优异,低温性能相对于基质沥青PG分级保持不变.     

Numerical Investigation into the Effect of Air Voids on the Anisotropy of Asphalt Mixtures

The aim of this study is to investigate the asphalt mixture anisotropy of both the modulus and Poisson's ratio due to air voids using a discrete element modeling simulation method. Three three-dimensional cubic digital samples of asphalt mixture with different shapes of single air void were built using discrete element software PFC~(3D). The aggregate gradation, air voids and mastic included in the digital samples were modeled using different contact models, with due consideration of the volumetric fractions of the different phases. Laboratory uniaxial complex modulus test and indirect tensile strength test were conducted to obtain material input parameters for numerical modeling. Simulation of the uniaxial cyclic compressive tests was performed on the three cubic samples loaded in three different directions. Dynamic modulus in three directions and Poisson's ratio in six directions were calculated from the compression stress-strain responses. Results show that both the modulus and Poisson's ratio are dependent on the preferential orientation of air voids. The anisotropy of the modulus and Poisson's ratio increases as the pressure loading on the asphalt mixture increases. Compared to the modulus, Poisson's ratio due to air voids has been shown to be more anisotropic. The maximum of Poisson's ratio and modulus is shown to be up to 80% and 11% higher than the minimum, respectively.     

高温高湿盐环境下SBS改性沥青胶浆的高温性能

基于自行设计的室内盐蚀干湿循环试验,采用动态剪切流变仪,对SBS改性沥青胶浆进行温度扫描试验和多重应力重复蠕变恢复(MSCR)试验. 以3.2 kPa应力下的不可恢复蠕变柔量J_nr,3.2为胶浆高温流变性能评价指标,分析试验环境和干湿循环耦合作用对胶浆流变性能的影响. 采用灰色关联理论,探究J_nr,3.2与常规流变参数、干湿循环次数及试验环境之间的关联性. 结果表明,随着盐蚀干湿循环次数的增加,胶浆的复数切变模量、车辙因子及J_nr,3.2均呈增大趋势,相位角和蠕变恢复率呈减小趋势. 在同种试验条件下,硫酸盐环境对胶浆高温性能的影响最大. J_nr,3.2与改进型车辙因子、试验环境的灰色关联度最大,关联度系数均大于0.93. 建议采用日常清扫、定期洒水冲洗的方式来减小路面盐分的积累,提高高温高湿环境中沥青路面的抵抗变形的能力.     

多孔沥青混合料粘弹塑性损伤模型

为合理描述多孔沥青混合料在中低温度外界荷载作用下的力学特性,基于增量型本构方程,采用Weibull损伤函数、广义Maxwell粘弹模型与D-P塑性模型,构建了粘弹塑性损伤模型．以此模型为分析手段,对不同温度和加载速率下的单轴压缩应力-应变曲线进行拟合,并分析温度与加载速率对模型参数的影响规律．分析结果表明:多孔沥青混合料粘弹参数随着温度的降低逐步退化成弹性参数,塑性模型中的体积模量和剪切模量也随温度呈现出明显的粘弹特性,塑性应变产生时对应的应变值与损伤应变阙值基本保持一致,温度及加载速率对于混合料的损伤扩展也有显著影响．构建的理论模型可以有效表征多孔沥青混合料在常温和低温下受荷时的力学损伤特性．     

软土流变特性试验研究

根据室内三轴流变试验的结果,研究了北京地区粉质粘土的流变特性。结果表明,该类软土具有较明显的变形时效性及其在不同应力水平下的蠕变特性。通过分析蠕变曲线的规律,选择了广义开尔文五单元理论模型和时间硬化经验蠕变公式来描述软土的流变特性,并达到了良好的精度,建立了适合北京地区典型软土的流变理论模型和经验模型。     

加载频率对纤维沥青混凝土疲劳性能的影响

以现象学法为基础,结合损伤力学原理,提出了纤维沥青混凝土疲劳破坏准则.通过不同频率、应力水平纤维沥青混凝土劈裂疲劳试验,研究了加载频率对沥青混凝土疲劳性能的影响,建立了不同频率下沥青混凝土疲劳寿命计算模型.试验研究和理论分析表明:疲劳加载频率越低,沥青混凝土疲劳寿命对应力水平的变化就越敏感,低速、重载交通是造成沥青混凝土疲劳破坏的重要原因.     

沥青砂动态剪切蠕变特性

为了解沥青砂的复杂力学行为,给沥青混合料细观力学研究提供数据支持,将几种沥青混合料的配合比转变为沥青砂的配比,采用自主研发的沥青砂成型装置及流变仪夹具获取沥青砂的动态剪切蠕变曲线,基于Burgers模型对蠕变曲线进行拟合,获取动态剪切荷载下沥青砂的黏弹性参数,分析黏弹性参数及松弛模量的变化规律。试验结果显示,Burgers模型对沥青砂动态剪切蠕变曲线具有较好的拟合效果。相同加载时间内,相比于AC-20级配沥青混合料,SMA-16级配沥青混合料蠕变变形量更大。橡胶沥青砂的抗剪切蠕变性能最优。沥青砂蠕变变形影响规律与混合料车辙变形一般影响规律相符。试验温度、沥青用量、沥青种类和级配类型均对沥青砂的黏弹性参数和松弛模量影响显著。     

Rheological properties of asphalt mixtures containing various fibers

Rheological characteristics of fiber-modified asphalt mixture were investigated.Cellulous fiber,polyester fiber and mineral fiber were used as additives for asphalt mixture,and the dosages were 0.3%,0.3%,0.4%,respectively.Dynamic modulus test using superpave simple performance tester(SPT) was adopted to study the dynamic modulus and phase angle for the control mixture and fiber-modified ones at various temperatures and frequencies.Test results show that the rheological properties can be improved significantly by the addition of various fibers.The dynamic modulus increases with the increase of frequency,and the phase angle decreases with the increase of frequency.When various fibers are used,the dynamic modulus increases and phase angle decreases at each frequency.This indicates that the stiffness and the elastic portion of fiber-modified asphalt mixtures can be enhanced when various fibers are used,which results in the change of viscoelastic properties of mixtures.The creep test results show that the total strain and the permanent strain of asphalt mixtures during load-unload cycle can be significantly reduced,which results in the improvement of resistance to permanent deformation for asphalt mixtures containing various fiber additives.The Burgers model can be employed effectively to illustrate the rheological properties of fiber modified asphalt mixtures.     

沥青混合料流变历程与模量演变

为了解沥青混合料的流变特性,采用MMLS3进行沥青混合料的足尺（Full scale）加速加载试验,并利用便携式路面分析仪对沥青混合料流变后的隆起和下陷部分的地震波模量进行测量.试验结果表明：在荷载作用下,沥青混合料下陷量与隆起量的变化值不等;并且下陷处的地震波模量逐渐增大并趋于稳定,而隆起处的地震波模量在逐渐减小.试...     

Simulation of rheological behavior of asphalt mixture with lattice model

A three-dimensional(3D) lattice model for predicting the rheological behavior of asphalt mixtures was presented.In this model asphalt mixtures were described as a two-phase composite material consisting of asphalt sand and coarse aggregates distributed randomly.Asphalt sand was regarded as a viscoelastic material and aggregates as an elastic material.The rheological response of asphalt mixture subjected to different constant stresses was simulated.The calibrated overall creep strain shows a good approximation to experimental results.     

混杂纤维沥青胶浆及其混合料性能研究

分别采用动态剪切试验、马歇尔试验、车辙试验等方法研究了混杂纤维沥青胶浆的流变特性以及沥青混合料的马歇尔试件性能、路用性能,并将其与掺加单一纤维的情况进行比较。结果表明,随着混杂纤维体系中聚酯纤维比例的增加,纤维沥青胶浆的复合剪切模量增大。同时随着混杂纤维体系中木质素纤维比例的增加,沥青混合料的最佳沥青用量增加,密度下降,空隙率和马歇尔稳定度呈减小趋势。混杂纤维的掺加能显著提高沥青混合料的路用性能,且在一定程度上,混杂纤维的增强效果比单一木质素纤维更加显著。     

基于DMA方法的沥青胶浆微观结构

采用动态力学分析(DMA)方法对沥青胶浆的微观结构进行了研究,通过对沥青胶浆的动态黏弹性能的变化规律以及Han曲线的温度依赖性进行分析。比较了沥青胶浆和改性沥青胶浆的相态结构的区别,并且根据沥青及沥青矿粉胶浆的损耗因子tanδ计算出参数A,用来评价沥青与胶浆的界面粘结程度。研究结果表明了用DMA方法可以很好地研究沥青胶浆的微观结构,从而为更好地改善沥青胶浆的路用性能提供了理论依据。     

宁波软土流变试验及经验模型

为了研究宁波软土的流变特性及经验模型,进行一维固结流变试验和三轴排水流变试验,并采用西原模型拟合模型参数.试验对比分析表明,固结试验的侧限作用会阻碍试样流变的发展,应力-应变等时曲线偏向应力轴,而三轴流变试验试样的流变能够得到充分地发展,应力-应变等时曲线偏向应变轴,能够更好地体现软黏土的流变性状.将一维西原模型应力-应变关系扩展到三维,采用修正剑桥模型屈服函数描述材料的塑性屈服.推导荷载恒定时土样的轴向应变计算公式,根据三轴排水流变试验结果进行曲线拟合,确定西原模型参数.结果表明,该模型能够较好地符合宁波软土的流变规律.     

玄武岩沥青混合料路用性能研究

高速公路沥青混凝土上面层集料主要使用玄武岩,而黑龙江省玄武岩矿藏分布广,产量高,为公路沥青路面的修筑提供了更好的条件.采用SMA-16型和AC 16型2种沥青混合料类型进行试验研究,确定黑龙江省地产玄武岩沥青混合料的低温稳定性能指标及水稳定性能力,进而评价其路用性能,以便更科学地选择、使用玄武岩.试验结果显示：对于同种沥青密级配沥青混合料的水稳性好于沥青玛蹄脂碎石混合料,对于沥青混合料的低温抗裂性能表现为SMA-16沥青玛蹄脂混合料好于AC-16密级配沥青混合料.