形状可调的Loop 细分曲面渐进插值方法

针对Loop 细分无法调整形状与不能插值的问题,提出了一种形状可调的Loop 细分 曲面渐进插值方法。首先给出了一个既能对细分网格顶点统一调整又便于引入权因子实现细分曲 面形状可调的等价Loop 细分模板。其次,通过渐进迭代调整初始控制网格顶点生成新网格,运 用本文的两步Loop 细分方法对新网格进行细分,得到插值于初始控制顶点的形状可调的Loop 细分曲面。最后,证明了该方法的收敛性,并给出实例验证了该方法的有效性。     

Loop Subdivision Surface Based Progressive Interpolation

A new method for constructing interpolating Loop subdivision surfaces is presented. The new method is an extension of the progressive interpolation technique for B-splines. Given a triangular mesh M, the idea is to iteratively upgrade the vertices of M to generate a new control mesh M such that limit surface of M would interpolate M. It can be shown that the iterative process is convergent for Loop subdivision surfaces. Hence, the method is well-defined. The new method has the advantages of both a local ...     

Surface interpolation of meshes by geometric subdivision

Subdivision surfaces are generated by repeated approximation or interpolation from initial control meshes. In this paper, two new non-linear subdivision schemes, face based subdivision scheme and normal based subdivision scheme, are introduced for surface interpolation of triangular meshes. With a given coarse mesh more and more details will be added to the surface when the triangles have been split and refined. Because every intermediate mesh is a piecewise linear approximation to the final surface, the first type of subdivision scheme computes each new vertex as the solution to a least square fitting problem of selected old vertices and their neighboring triangles. Consequently, sharp features as well as smooth regions are generated automatically. For the second type of subdivision, the displacement for every new vertex is computed as a combination of normals at old vertices. By computing the vertex normals adaptively, the limit surface is G¹ smooth. The fairness of the interpolating surface can be improved further by using the neighboring faces. Because the new vertices by either of these two schemes depend on the local geometry, but not the vertex valences, the interpolating surface inherits the shape of the initial control mesh more fairly and naturally. Several examples are also presented to show the efficiency of the new algorithms.     

一种带噪声的密集三角网格细分曲面拟合算法

实现了一个从带噪声的密集三角形拟合出带尖锐特征的细分曲面拟合系统.该系统包括了一种改进的基于图像双边滤波器的网格噪声去除方法,模型的尖锐特征提取以及保持尖锐特征的网格简化和拓扑优化.为了处理局部细节特征和模型数据量问题,提出了自适应细分方法,并将根据给定精度估计最少细分深度引入到细分曲面拟合系统中,使得拟合得到的细分曲面模型具有良好的细节特征和数据量小等特点.大量3D模型实验结果和实际工程应用结果表明了该细分曲面拟合系统的有效性.     

Conjugate-Gradient Progressive-Iterative Approximation for Loop and Catmull-Clark Subdivision Surface Interpolation

Loop and Catmull-Clark are the most famous approximation subdivision schemes, but their limit surfaces do not interpolate the vertices of the given mesh. Progressive-iterative approximation (PIA) is an efficient method for data interpolation and has a wide range of applications in many fields such as subdivision surface fitting, parametric curve and surface fitting among others. However, the convergence rate of classical PIA is slow. In this paper, we present a new and fast PIA format for constructing interpolation subdivision surface that interpolates the vertices of a mesh with arbitrary topology. The proposed method, named Conjugate-Gradient Progressive-Iterative Approximation (CG-PIA), is based on the Conjugate-Gradient Iterative algorithm and the Progressive Iterative Approximation (PIA) algorithm. The method is presented using Loop and Catmull-Clark subdivision surfaces. CG-PIA preserves the features of the classical PIA method, such as the advantages of both the local and global scheme and resemblance with the given mesh. Moreover, CG-PIA has the following features. 1) It has a faster convergence rate compared with the classical PIA and W-PIA. 2) CG-PIA avoids the selection of weights compared with W-PIA. 3) CG-PIA does not need to modify the subdivision schemes compared with other methods with fairness measure. Numerous examples for Loop and Catmull-Clark subdivision surfaces are provided in this paper to demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of CG-PIA.     

散乱数据点的细分曲面重建算法及实现

提出一种对海量散乱数据根据给定精度拟合出无需裁剪和拼接的、反映细节特征的、分片光滑的细分曲面算法．该算法的核心是基于细分的局部特性，通过对有特征的细分控制网格极限位置分析，按照拟合曲面与数据点的距离误差最小原则，对细分曲面控制网格循环进行调整、优化、特征识别、白适应细分等过程，使得细分曲面不断地逼近原始数据．实例表明：该算法不仅具有高效性、稳定性，同时构造出的细分曲面还较好地反映了原始数据的细节特征。     

General triangular midpoint subdivision

In this paper, we introduce triangular subdivision operators which are composed of a refinement operator and several averaging operators, where the refinement operator splits each triangle uniformly into four congruent triangles and in each averaging operation, every vertex will be replaced by a convex combination of itself and its neighboring vertices. These operators form an infinite class of triangular subdivision schemes including Loop's algorithm with a restricted parameter range and the midpoint schemes for triangular meshes. We analyze the smoothness of the resulting subdivision surfaces at their regular and extraordinary points by generalizing an established technique for analyzing midpoint subdivision on quadrilateral meshes. General triangular midpoint subdivision surfaces are smooth at all regular points and they are also smooth at extraordinary points under certain conditions. We show some general triangular subdivision surfaces and compare them with Loop subdivision surfaces.     

用逼近型√3细分方法构造闭三角网格的插值曲面

为了避免用逼近型3~(1/2)细分方法构造插值曲面过程中出现的烦琐运算,利用3细分方法极限点计算公式,提出一种用逼近型3~(1/2)细分方法构造闭三角网格插值曲面的方法.给定待插值的闭三角网格,先用一个新的几何规则与原3~(1/2)细分方法的拓扑规则细分一次得到一个初始网格,用3~(1/2)细分方法细分该初始网格得到插值曲面;新几何规则根据极限点公式确定,保证了初始网格的极限曲面插值待插值的三角网格.由于初始网格的顶点仅与待插值顶点2邻域内的点相关,所以插值曲面具有良好的局部性,即改变一个待插值点的位置时,只影响插值曲面在其附近的形状.该方法中只有确定初始网格顶点的几何规则与原3细分方法不同,故易于整合到原有的细分系统中.实验结果表明,该方法具有计算简单、有充分的自由度调整插值曲面的形状等特点,使得利用3~(1/2)细分方法构造三角网格的插值曲面变得极其简单.     

带尖锐特征的Loop细分曲面拟合系统

实现了一个基于带尖锐特征的Loop细分曲面的三角网格拟合系统,其基本原理来自文献,但在系统设计层面对原算法作了相当大的补充和完善．整个系统框架包括尖锐特征提取、保持尖锐特征的三角网格简化、保持尖锐特征的网格平滑和拓扑优化、基于最近点策略的重采样和线性拟合系统求解．所得到的拟合曲面质量较原来的结果有了显著提高。     

Fitting Sharp Features with Loop Subdivision Surfaces

Various methods have been proposed for fitting subdivision surfaces to different forms of shape data (e.g., dense meshes or point clouds), but none of these methods effectively deals with shapes with sharp features, that is, creases, darts and corners. We present an effective method for fitting a Loop subdivision surface to a dense triangle mesh with sharp features. Our contribution is a new exact evaluation scheme for the Loop subdivision with all types of sharp features, which enables us to compute a fitting Loop subdivision surface for shapes with sharp features in an optimization framework. With an initial control mesh obtained from simplifying the input dense mesh using QEM, our fitting algorithm employs an iterative method to solve a nonlinear least squares problem based on the squared distances from the input mesh vertices to the fitting subdivision surface. This optimization framework depends critically on the ability to express these distances as quadratic functions of control mesh vertices using our exact evaluation scheme near sharp features. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.     

Feature-Adaptive Rendering of Loop Subdivision Surfaces on Modern GPUs

We present a novel approach for real-time rendering Loop subdivision surfaces on modern graphics hardware. Our algorithm evaluates both positions and normals accurately, thus providing the true Loop subdivision surface. The core idea is to recursively refine irregular patches using a GPU compute kernel. All generated regular patches are then directly evaluated and rendered using tile hardware tessellation unit. Our approach handles triangular control meshes of arbitrary topologies and incorporates common subdivision surface features such as semi-sharp creases and hierarchical edits. While surface rendering is accurate up to machine precision, we also enforce a consistent bitwise evaluation of positions and normals at patch boundaries. This is particularly useful in the context of displacement mapping which strictly requires inatching surface normals. Furthermore, we incorporate efficient level-of-detail rendering where subdivision depth and tessellation density can be adjusted on-the-fly. Overall, our algorithm provides high-quality results at real-time frame rates, thus being ideally suited to interactive rendering applications such as video games or authoring tools.     

非均匀B样条曲面顶点及法向插值

本文以非均匀Catmull-Clark细分模式下的轮廓删除法为基础,通过在细分网格中定义模板并调整细分网格的顶点位置,为非均匀B样条曲面顶点及法向插值给出了一个有效的方法．该细分网格由待插顶点形成的网格细分少数几次而获得．细分网格的顶点被分为模板内的顶点和自由顶点．各个模板内的顶点通过构造优化模型并求解进行调整,自由顶点用能量优化法确定．这一方法不仅避免了求解线性方程组得到控制顶点的过程,而且在调整顶点的同时也兼顾了曲面的光顺性．     

Optimization methods for scattered data approximation with subdivision surfaces

We present a method for scattered data approximation with subdivision surfaces which actually uses the true representation of the limit surface as a linear combination of smooth basis functions associated with the control vertices. A robust and fast algorithm for exact closest point search on Loop surfaces which combines Newton iteration and non-linear minimization is used for parameterizing the samples. Based on this we perform unconditionally convergent parameter correction to optimize the approximation with respect to the L² metric, and thus we make a well-established scattered data fitting technique which has been available before only for B-spline surfaces, applicable to subdivision surfaces. We also adapt the recently discovered local second order squared distance function approximant to the parameter correction setup. Further we exploit the fact that the control mesh of a subdivision surface can have arbitrary connectivity to reduce the L^∞ error up to a certain user-defined tolerance by adaptively restructuring the control mesh. Combining the presented algorithms we describe a complete procedure which is able to produce high-quality approximations of complex, detailed models.     

Artifact analysis on triangular box-splines and subdivision surfaces defined by triangular polyhedra

Surface artifacts are features in a surface which cannot be avoided by movement of control points. They are present in B-splines, box splines and subdivision surfaces. We showed how the subdivision process can be used as a tool to analyse artifacts in surfaces defined by quadrilateral polyhedra ( [Sabin et al., 2005] and [Augsd?rfer et al., 2011]).In this paper we are utilising the subdivision process to develop a generic expression which can be employed to determine the magnitude of artifacts in surfaces defined by any regular triangular polyhedra. We demonstrate the method by analysing box-splines and regular regions of subdivision surfaces based on triangular meshes: Loop subdivision, Butterfly subdivision and a novel interpolating scheme with two smoothing stages. We compare our results for surfaces defined by triangular polyhedra to those for surfaces defined by quadrilateral polyhedra.     

基于二面角逆插值Loop细分的渐进传输方法

随着虚拟现实、增强现实等领域快速发展,渐进传输获得了良好的用户体验。为 了三角网格在移动终端的快速传输和显示,提出了一种基于二面角逆插值 Loop 细分(DRILS)的 渐进传输算法。主要通过对原始三角网格进行基于二面角插值 Loop 细分(DILS)和插值 Loop 细 分(ILS)进行预处理,在局部特征精确保持的同时获得具备细分连通性的精网格。在渐进传输的 过程中通过对该精网格迭代操作 3 个步骤,即奇偶顶点划分、预测偏移量、更新三角网格。由 于采用 DILS 与 ILS 结合获取精网格,在渐进传输的过程中保持了精确的局部特征,同时也加 快了渐进传输的速度。实验对比表明,该算法精确、高效,适应于移动终端设备的显示传输及 存储。     

渐进插值的LOOP曲面细分*

目前很多细分方法都存在不能用同一种方法处理封闭网格和开放网格的问题。对此,一种新的基于插值技术的LOOP曲面细分方法,其主要思想就是给定一个初始三角网格M,反复生成新的顶点,新顶点是通过其相邻顶点的约束求解得到的,从而构造一个新的控制网格M,在取极限的情况下,可以证明插值过程是收敛的;因为生成新顶点使用的是与其相连顶点的约束求解得到的,本质上是一种局部方法,所以,该方法很容易定义。它在本地方法和全局方法中都有优势,能处理任意顶点数量和任意拓扑结构的网格,从而产生一个光滑的曲面并忠实于给定曲面的形状,其控制     

Loop细分曲面的等距曲面的逼近

提出了一种生成Loop细分曲面的等距曲面的逼近方法．通过让生成的等距曲面在对应于其控制网格顶点的地方是精确的等距，作者将等距曲面的逼近问题转化为求解一个线性方程组．文中提出了一个用于快速求解该线性方程组的改进的Gauss—Jacobi迭代法．另外，该文还考虑了逼近的误差控制和等距曲面的自交问题．     

基于任意三角网格的ternary插值细分曲面造型及其分析

针对任意三角网格,提出一种简单有效且局部性更好的带参数的ternary插值曲面细分法,给出并证明了细分法收敛与G1连续的充分条件.在任意给定三角控制网格的条件下,可通过对形状参数的适当选择来实现对插值细分曲面形状的调整.     

隐式曲面的快速适应性多边形化算法

通过将隐式曲面多边形化过程分为“构造”和“适应性采样”两个阶段，实现了隐式曲面多边形逼近网格的适应性构造．通过基于空间延展的Marching Cubes方法得到隐式曲面较为粗糙的均匀多边形化逼近，根据曲面上的局部曲率分布，运用适应性细分规则对粗糙网格进行细分迭代，并利用梯度下降法将细分出的新顶点定位到隐式曲面上；最终得到的多边形网格是适应性的单纯复形网格，其在保持规定逼近精度的前提下，减少了冗余三角形的产生，网格质量有明显改善．该算法可用于隐式曲面的交互式可视化过程．     

三角网格的自适应细分研究

提出面向三角网格全局细分和局部自适应的细分算法。在原三角网格模型上计算每个面片的中心坐标,据此生成的中心坐标点作为新的顶点坐标进行重新绘制得到三角基网格,然后进行多次迭代,达到基本的全局细分目标。在最后生成的基网格上,可以通过调节最大网格面积和平均网格面积之间的比例系数等,来得到更加均匀的三角网格。实验表明该方法能到得到质量较高的细分结果。