基于形状控制的细分曲面的局部渐进插值方法

提出一种基于形状控制的 Catmull-Clark 细分曲面构造方法,实现局部插值任意拓扑的四边形网格顶点。首先该方法利用渐进迭代逼近方法的局部性质,在初始网格中选取若干控制顶点进行迭代调整,保持其他顶点不变,使得最终生成的极限细分曲面插值于初始网格中的被调整点;其次该方法的 Catmull-Clark 细分的形状控制建立在两步细分的基础上,第一步通过对初始网格应用改造的 Catmull-Clark 细分产生新的网格,第二步对新网格应用 Catmull-Clark 细分生成极限曲面,改造的 Catmull-Clark 细分为每个网格面加入参数值,这些参数值为控制局部插值曲面的形状提供了自由度。证明了基于形状控制的 Catmull-Clark 细分局部渐进插值方法的收敛性。实验结果验证了该方法可同时实现局部插值和形状控制。     

形状可调的Loop 细分曲面渐进插值方法

针对Loop 细分无法调整形状与不能插值的问题,提出了一种形状可调的Loop 细分 曲面渐进插值方法。首先给出了一个既能对细分网格顶点统一调整又便于引入权因子实现细分曲 面形状可调的等价Loop 细分模板。其次,通过渐进迭代调整初始控制网格顶点生成新网格,运 用本文的两步Loop 细分方法对新网格进行细分,得到插值于初始控制顶点的形状可调的Loop 细分曲面。最后,证明了该方法的收敛性,并给出实例验证了该方法的有效性。     

非均匀B样条曲面顶点及法向插值

本文以非均匀Catmull-Clark细分模式下的轮廓删除法为基础,通过在细分网格中定义模板并调整细分网格的顶点位置,为非均匀B样条曲面顶点及法向插值给出了一个有效的方法．该细分网格由待插顶点形成的网格细分少数几次而获得．细分网格的顶点被分为模板内的顶点和自由顶点．各个模板内的顶点通过构造优化模型并求解进行调整,自由顶点用能量优化法确定．这一方法不仅避免了求解线性方程组得到控制顶点的过程,而且在调整顶点的同时也兼顾了曲面的光顺性．     

Surface interpolation of meshes by geometric subdivision

Subdivision surfaces are generated by repeated approximation or interpolation from initial control meshes. In this paper, two new non-linear subdivision schemes, face based subdivision scheme and normal based subdivision scheme, are introduced for surface interpolation of triangular meshes. With a given coarse mesh more and more details will be added to the surface when the triangles have been split and refined. Because every intermediate mesh is a piecewise linear approximation to the final surface, the first type of subdivision scheme computes each new vertex as the solution to a least square fitting problem of selected old vertices and their neighboring triangles. Consequently, sharp features as well as smooth regions are generated automatically. For the second type of subdivision, the displacement for every new vertex is computed as a combination of normals at old vertices. By computing the vertex normals adaptively, the limit surface is G¹ smooth. The fairness of the interpolating surface can be improved further by using the neighboring faces. Because the new vertices by either of these two schemes depend on the local geometry, but not the vertex valences, the interpolating surface inherits the shape of the initial control mesh more fairly and naturally. Several examples are also presented to show the efficiency of the new algorithms.     

基于顶点法向量约束的Catmull-Clark细分插值方法

提出一种基于顶点法向量约束实现插值的两步Catmull-Clark细分方法.第一步,通过改造型Catmull-Clark细分生成新网格.第二步,通过顶点法向量约束对新网格进行调整.两步细分分别运用渐进迭代方法和拉格朗日乘子法,使得极限曲面插值于初始控制顶点和法向量.实验结果证明了该方法可同时实现插值初始控制顶点和法向量,极限曲面具有较好的造型效果.     

Fitting Sharp Features with Loop Subdivision Surfaces

Various methods have been proposed for fitting subdivision surfaces to different forms of shape data (e.g., dense meshes or point clouds), but none of these methods effectively deals with shapes with sharp features, that is, creases, darts and corners. We present an effective method for fitting a Loop subdivision surface to a dense triangle mesh with sharp features. Our contribution is a new exact evaluation scheme for the Loop subdivision with all types of sharp features, which enables us to compute a fitting Loop subdivision surface for shapes with sharp features in an optimization framework. With an initial control mesh obtained from simplifying the input dense mesh using QEM, our fitting algorithm employs an iterative method to solve a nonlinear least squares problem based on the squared distances from the input mesh vertices to the fitting subdivision surface. This optimization framework depends critically on the ability to express these distances as quadratic functions of control mesh vertices using our exact evaluation scheme near sharp features. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method.     

一种带噪声的密集三角网格细分曲面拟合算法

实现了一个从带噪声的密集三角形拟合出带尖锐特征的细分曲面拟合系统.该系统包括了一种改进的基于图像双边滤波器的网格噪声去除方法,模型的尖锐特征提取以及保持尖锐特征的网格简化和拓扑优化.为了处理局部细节特征和模型数据量问题,提出了自适应细分方法,并将根据给定精度估计最少细分深度引入到细分曲面拟合系统中,使得拟合得到的细分曲面模型具有良好的细节特征和数据量小等特点.大量3D模型实验结果和实际工程应用结果表明了该细分曲面拟合系统的有效性.     

Interpolation by geometric algorithm

We present a novel geometric algorithm to construct a smooth surface that interpolates a triangular or a quadrilateral mesh of arbitrary topological type formed by n vertices. Although our method can be applied to B-spline surfaces and subdivision surfaces of all kinds, we illustrate our algorithm focusing on Loop subdivision surfaces as most of the meshes are in triangular form. We start our algorithm by assuming that the given triangular mesh is a control net of a Loop subdivision surface. The control points are iteratively updated globally by a simple local point-surface distance computation and an offsetting procedure without solving a linear system. The complexity of our algorithm is O(mn) where n is the number of vertices and m is the number of iterations. The number of iterations m depends on the fineness of the mesh and accuracy required.     

A Blend of Subdivision Surfaces and NURBS

In present paper, the contour deletion method is developed both to blend surfaces and to fill N-sided holes, which is used for subdividing the NURBS surface. First, according to the non-uniform Catmull-Clark subdivision principle, surfaces are blended. The non-uniform Catmull-Clark subdivision method is constructed, which build the surface through interpolating corner vertices and boundary curves. Then the contour deletion method is adapted to remove the controlling mesh boundary contour in the process of segmentation iteration. Last, N sided-hole is filled to generate a integral smooth continuous surface. This method not only guarantee that the blending surface and base surface patches have C2 continuity at the boundary, but also greatly improve the smoothness of the N-side hole filling surface. The results show that, this method simplifies the specific computer-implemented process, broads the scope of application of subdivision surfaces, and solves the incompatible problem between the subdivision surface and classical spline. The resulting surface has both advantages of the subdivision surface and classical spline, and also has better filling effect.     

Loop细分曲面的等距曲面的逼近

提出了一种生成Loop细分曲面的等距曲面的逼近方法．通过让生成的等距曲面在对应于其控制网格顶点的地方是精确的等距，作者将等距曲面的逼近问题转化为求解一个线性方程组．文中提出了一个用于快速求解该线性方程组的改进的Gauss—Jacobi迭代法．另外，该文还考虑了逼近的误差控制和等距曲面的自交问题．     

细分曲面拟合的局部渐进插值方法

逼近型细分方法生成的细分曲面其品质要优于插值型细分方法生成的细分曲面.然而,逼近型细分方法生成的细分曲面不能插值于初始控制网格顶点.为使逼近型细分曲面具有插值能力,一般通过求解全局线性方程组,使其插值于网格顶点.当网格顶点较多时,求解线性方程组的计算量很大,因此,难以处理稠密网格.与此不同,在不直接求解线性方程组的情况下,渐进插值方法通过迭代调整控制网格顶点,最终达到插值的效果.渐进插值方法可以处理稠密的任意拓扑网格,生成插值于初始网格顶点的光滑细分曲面.并且经证明,逼近型细分曲面渐进插值具有局部性质,也就是迭代调整初始网格的若干控制顶点,且保持剩余顶点不变,最终生成的极限细分曲面仍插值于初始网格中被调整的那些顶点.这种局部渐进插值性质给形状控制带来了更多的灵活性,并且使得自适应拟合成为可能.实验结果验证了局部渐进插值的形状控制以及自适应拟合能力.     

Optimization methods for scattered data approximation with subdivision surfaces

We present a method for scattered data approximation with subdivision surfaces which actually uses the true representation of the limit surface as a linear combination of smooth basis functions associated with the control vertices. A robust and fast algorithm for exact closest point search on Loop surfaces which combines Newton iteration and non-linear minimization is used for parameterizing the samples. Based on this we perform unconditionally convergent parameter correction to optimize the approximation with respect to the L² metric, and thus we make a well-established scattered data fitting technique which has been available before only for B-spline surfaces, applicable to subdivision surfaces. We also adapt the recently discovered local second order squared distance function approximant to the parameter correction setup. Further we exploit the fact that the control mesh of a subdivision surface can have arbitrary connectivity to reduce the L^∞ error up to a certain user-defined tolerance by adaptively restructuring the control mesh. Combining the presented algorithms we describe a complete procedure which is able to produce high-quality approximations of complex, detailed models.     

基于加权渐进插值的Loop 细分曲面等距逼近

等距曲面在CAD/CAM 领域有着重要的作用,由于细分曲面没有整体解 析表达式,使得计算细分曲面等距比参数曲面更加困难。针对目前已有的两种等距面逼近算 法进行了改进,利用加权渐进插值技术避免了传统细分等距逼近算法产生网格偏移的问题。 此外,提出了针对边界等距处理方案,使得等距后的细分曲面在内部和边界都均匀等距。该 方法无需求解线性方程组,具有全局和局部特性,能够处理闭网格和开网格,为Loop 细分 曲面数控加工奠定了良好的基础算法。最后给出的实例验证了算法的有效性。     

非平均化自适应Catmull-Clark细分算法

提出一种基于网格边的光滑度计算来进行Catmull-Clark自适应细分的新算法。该方法能够在满足显示需求的前提下较好地减小细分曲面过程中的网格生成数,同时解决了由于采用网格顶点曲率计算,来实现自适应细分方法中平均化生成顶点曲率带来的不足。通过对比试验,算法能更好地区别当前细分网格中光滑与非光滑区域,增加对非光滑区域网格加密密度,并且该算法能够普遍适用于较复杂的细分模式中,具有一定的推广价值。     

带尖锐特征的Loop细分曲面拟合系统

实现了一个基于带尖锐特征的Loop细分曲面的三角网格拟合系统,其基本原理来自文献,但在系统设计层面对原算法作了相当大的补充和完善．整个系统框架包括尖锐特征提取、保持尖锐特征的三角网格简化、保持尖锐特征的网格平滑和拓扑优化、基于最近点策略的重采样和线性拟合系统求解．所得到的拟合曲面质量较原来的结果有了显著提高。     

Dynamic Catmull-Clark subdivision surfaces

Recursive subdivision schemes have been extensively used in computer graphics, computer-aided geometric design, and scientific visualization for modeling smooth surfaces of arbitrary topology. Recursive subdivision generates a visually pleasing smooth surface in the limit from an initial user-specified polygonal mesh through the repeated application of a fixed set of subdivision rules. We present a new dynamic surface model based on the Catmull-Clark subdivision scheme, a popular technique for modeling complicated objects of arbitrary genus. Our new dynamic surface model inherits the attractive properties of the Catmull-Clark subdivision scheme, as well as those of the physics-based models. This new model provides a direct and intuitive means of manipulating geometric shapes, and an efficient hierarchical approach for recovering complex shapes from large range and volume data sets using very few degrees of freedom (control vertices). We provide an analytic formulation and introduce the “physical” quantities required to develop the dynamic subdivision surface model which can be interactively deformed by applying synthesized forces. The governing dynamic differential equation is derived using Lagrangian mechanics and the finite element method. Our experiments demonstrate that this new dynamic model has a promising future in computer graphics, geometric shape design, and scientific visualization     

基于任意三角网格的ternary插值细分曲面造型及其分析

针对任意三角网格,提出一种简单有效且局部性更好的带参数的ternary插值曲面细分法,给出并证明了细分法收敛与G1连续的充分条件.在任意给定三角控制网格的条件下,可通过对形状参数的适当选择来实现对插值细分曲面形状的调整.     

快速收敛的四边形网格三分细分模式

提出了四边形网格的三分细分模式.对于正则和非正则四边形网格,分别采用不同的细分模板获得新的细分顶点.从双三次B样条中推导出正则四边形网格的三分细分模板,极限曲面C²连续;对细分矩阵进行傅里叶变换,推导出非正则四边形网格的三分细分模板,极限曲面C¹连续.提出的三分细分模式可以解决任意拓扑四边形网格的曲面细分问题.与其他细分模式相比,具有收敛速度快、适用范围广等优点.最后给出了四边形网格细分的实例.     

混合网格的可调细分算法

论文主要研究混合网格的曲面细分问题,提出了一种带有可调参数的细分算法。该算法适用于多边形网格、三角形网格,以及两者的混合网格情形,且对开的和闭的拓扑结构都能进行处理。由于在算法中引入了可调参数,这样既可产生光滑曲面,也可产生具有尖锐特征的曲面,且通过调整参数还可产生标准的Catmull-Clark细分和Loop细分。另外,实现该算法不需要复杂的数据结构。     

General triangular midpoint subdivision

In this paper, we introduce triangular subdivision operators which are composed of a refinement operator and several averaging operators, where the refinement operator splits each triangle uniformly into four congruent triangles and in each averaging operation, every vertex will be replaced by a convex combination of itself and its neighboring vertices. These operators form an infinite class of triangular subdivision schemes including Loop's algorithm with a restricted parameter range and the midpoint schemes for triangular meshes. We analyze the smoothness of the resulting subdivision surfaces at their regular and extraordinary points by generalizing an established technique for analyzing midpoint subdivision on quadrilateral meshes. General triangular midpoint subdivision surfaces are smooth at all regular points and they are also smooth at extraordinary points under certain conditions. We show some general triangular subdivision surfaces and compare them with Loop subdivision surfaces.