基于依赖的产品开发过程的优化

本文提出了一种并行工程环境下产品开发过程的模型,给出了基eEPC图形描述。从产品开发过程中各活动之间的依赖关系的角度,探讨了并行工程环境下产品开发过程的优化,给出了具体的优化算法。最后给出了该优化方法的应用实例。     

并行工程研究现状与问题

对并行工程研究现状进行综述。首先介绍并行工程概念模型及其基本问题，然后分析并行工程的三种实现方法及研究进展，最后指出了它的发展趋势。     

软件开发的并行工程方法研究

并行工程是集成地、并行地设计产品及其相关的各种过程的系统方法。这种方法要求产品开发人员从设计一开始就考虑产品整个生命中从概念形成到产品报废处理的所有因素，包括质量、成本、进度计划和用户的要求。将并行工程思想引入软件开发中，研究并行工程方法在软件开发中的集成框架、利用并行工程方法进行软件开发的团队组成以及利用并行工程方法进行软件开发的模式。     

基于并行工程的设计系统的研究

文中对并行工程的概念及其本质进行了分析，针对并行工程的分布协作的特点，提出采用Ａｇｅｎｔ的策略来实现并行工程系统的集成，最后，给出了一个应用实例。     

并行工程系统集成方法的比较与应用研究

以并行工程的实践经验为基础,总结了并行工程系统集成4个方面的需求。比较了基于数据库、中间件、STE以及Agent等4种相关的系统集成技术,指出了它们的优缺点及适用范围,从而为并行工程系统集成技术的选择提供了重要的参考。目前,这些方法在航天并行工程和齐齐哈尔并行工程中都得到不同程度的应用,该文分析了它们在应用中存在的问题,并结合国外的有关研究,指出了解决这些问题的方法和进一步的研究方向。     

并行工程及其关键技术

并行工程与现代计算机技术的有机结合是并行工程理论与应用的发展趋势之一。本文概述了并行工程的提出及应用和国内企业现存在的问题，重点论述了并行工程及其关键技术。应用先进的CAX技术和DFX技术，在PDM的管理和控制下建立协同设计环境，实现企业产品研发设计模式的彻底改变，创造效益，以适应日益激烈的市场竞争。     

并行工程环境TCAD系统设计

并行工程是先进制造技术的研究热点之一。本文介绍了并行工程主要实现方法的研究现状，并依据基于知识的特征变换和模型协调贯穿于设计和制造过程始终的思想，提出了并行工程环境下CAD系统的总体框架。     

基于智能代理的并行工程体系研究

本文对并行工程的智能代理互操作体系结构进行阐述,着重解决该系统的实现问题,提出采用城关系模型来对并行工程的不同工作城之间的协同工作进行建模,最后对用于并行工程系统的智能代理语言的具体操作原语进行了详尽说明。     

并行工程环境下CAD系统设计

并行工程是先进制造技术的研究热点之一。本文介绍了并行工程主要实现方法的研究现状，并依据基于知识的特征变换和模型协调贯穿于设计的制造过程始终的思想，提出了并行工程环境下ＣＡＤ系统的总体框架。     

并行工程环境中的CAPP

本文简单分析了并行工程的特点，指出传统的ＣＡＰＰ已不能满足它的要求；然后讨论了并行工程环境中ＣＡＰＰ的特点。在此基础上，对并行工程环境中ＣＡＰＰ系统的功能进行了分析，并提出了系统的体系结构。最后，讨论了系统的关键技术。     

基于约束的并行工程产品开发过程规划

本文分析了并行工程产品开发过程中约束的特点，探讨了不同类型约束对产品开发过程规划的不同影响，提出了基于设计约束的过程规划原理推理算法，开发过程活动的划分算法和信息预发布点的选取准则；从整个产品生命周期角度，给出了基于约束的产品开发过程规划的方法和步骤。     

A BLACKBOARD DATABASE MODEL OF THE DESIGN PLANNING PROCESS IN CONCURRENT ENGINEERING

The basis for an intelligent decision support system for design process planning within a concurrent engineering (CE) environment is the efficient utilization and coordination of planning knowledge that resides within computerized workgroups of multidisciplinary experts. A systems approach may be taken to derive, represent, and utilize the many models of reasoning that might support a human-centric view of planning in a distributed environment. The blackboard database (BB) provides a suitable framework for utilizing these models in a structured manner by representing the planning problem as a loosely coupled hierarchy of partial problems along with the knowledge needed to progressively solve different parts of this problem. This article discusses the development of such a BB system, which is intended to provide the ability to experiment with various control and domain strategies in order to yield insight into more developed and intelligent methods to assist humans in planning the CE design process.     

Review of Intelligent Software Architectures for the Development of An Intelligent Decision Support System for Design Process Planning in Concurrent Engineering

Concurrent engineering (CE) is a strategy that attempts to process as many product development tasks in parallel and incorporate relevant life-cycle attributes as early as possible in the design phase in an effort to reduce the duration of design projects, save development costs, and provide better quality products. The CE environment is characterized by a high degree of distributed cognitive processing in the form of product development team structures. The distribution of appropriate knowledge to members of these teams and other participants in the design process for the purpose of supporting management and planning decisions is a considerably complex problem. New approaches and tools based on artificial intelligence methodologies are needed to deal with this level of complexity in coordinating knowledge resources. This paper reviews a number of potential candidates for an intelligent software architecture that can represent this type of problem as well as support the knowledge handling necessary to solve such problems. The selection of an appropriate architecture will support the development of an intelligent information system that is able to mimic human cognitive processes as the basic tool for providing decision-making support for planning and controlling a CE design process.     

Requirements for software-support in concurrent engineering teams

Team work is the customary type of labour organisation used in the framework of Concurrent Engineering (CE). It requires a suitable design of the supporting software. As a first step a model of Concurrent Engineering Team Effectiveness (CETEM) has been developed on the basis of a meta-analysis. Within the scope of an empirical study - which was actually meant to test this new model - guidelines for software-support in Concurrent Engineering Teams were derived. The study was designed as participative observation and continuous process mapping of ten different teams. Sixty-seven measurements were being conducted in team meetings in order to show a correlation between the described variables. Correlation and cluster analyses were utilised. On a super-ordinated management level project contents and objectives as well as their temporal and logical context should be mapped with the help of a workflow-system. On a more operational level in the team itself, degrees of freedom regarding temporal and logical sequence of activities can be accepted. Nevertheless, detailed planning concerning the contents of activities should take place with the assistance of groupware- or database-solutions.     

并行工程中设计任务的动态分配方法研究

以加速产品设计为目的的并行工程,需要对其其过程进行有效规划,规划的目的之一要达到在规定的时间内,将合适的任务分配给合适的人。由于设计过程中存在的不确定性和影响因素的动态性和多样性,需要新的任务分配算法。文中提出了一种选择合适任务、确定任务难度、根据任务难度和人员能力进行任务分配的算法。     

Requirements for software-support in concurrent engineering teams

Team work is the customary type of labour organisation used in the framework of Concurrent Engineering (CE). It requires a suitable design of the supporting software. As a first step a model of Concurrent Engineering Team Effectiveness (CETEM) has been developed on the basis of a meta-analysis. Within the scope of an empirical study - which was actually meant to test this new model - guidelines for software-support in Concurrent Engineering Teams were derived. The study was designed as participative observation and continuous process mapping of ten different teams. Sixty-seven measurements were being conducted in team meetings in order to show a correlation between the described variables. Correlation and cluster analyses were utilised. On a super-ordinated management level project contents and objectives as well as their temporal and logical context should be mapped with the help of a workflow-system. On a more operational level in the team itself, degrees of freedom regarding temporal and logical sequence of activities can be accepted. Nevertheless, detailed planning concerning the contents of activities should take place with the assistance of groupware- or database-solutions.     

基于S3C2410A的多串口扩展技术在Windows CE下的实现

首先介绍在S3C2410A系统中利用TL16C554芯片扩展串口的硬件设计方法,其次分析了Windows CE下的串口驱动的流程,最后在原有串口驱动的基础上添加内核对TL16C554 扩展串口的支持.实验表明,通过扩展出的串口可以实现正确地发送、接收数据信息,也可以与GSM/GPRS模块、射频模块等具有串行接口的外设正...     

基于交叉熵算法的PID 控制器设计

交叉熵优化方法是一种新型高效的随机优化算法,算法控制参数简单,鲁棒性强.将交叉熵优化算法用于PID控制器的参数设计,并与基于遗传算法的PID控制器设计进行对比,结果表明,交叉熵优化算法不仅所获结果较优,而且计算复杂度也明显小于遗传算法.     

Windows CE 驱动程序开发

不同的嵌入式系统硬件平台，往往有其独有或特殊的设备，而这些设备的WindowsCE驱动程序设计问题是开发人员经常遇到的。着重阐述了WindowsCE体系结构和中断机制、WindowsCE驱动开发的几种基本模式，给出了如何使用单片驱动程序设计方法，提供了平台特有设备驱动程序开发实例以及如何将驱动程序加入OS二进制映像文件的步骤，测试表明此方法设计的驱动程序高效可靠。