多帧图像的Tikhonov正则化重建算法研究*

介绍了Tikhonov正则化超分辨率重建算法的基本原理和特点,在原有正则化空域图像复原方法的基础上,根据多帧序列图像之间的互补信息,提出一种改进的正则化空域图像复原的新方法,该算法直接将正则化函数作用于图像超分辨率重建算法的条件概率项内,提高了正则化项的校正效率,并用共轭梯度运算来改善算法的收敛性,节省了图像重建所需的时间。实验和仿真结果表明,与传统方法相比,该算法不仅减轻了图像边缘纹理的模糊性,提高了图像的清晰度,而且收敛速度快。     

Iterative lavrentiev regularization for symmetric kernel-driven operator equations: with application to digital image restoration problems

~~Iterative Lavrentiev regularization for symmetric kernel-driven operator equations: with application to digital image restoration problems1. Roggemann, M. C, WeJsh, B., Imaging Through Turbulence. New York. CRC Press, 1996. 2. Bertero, M., Boccacci, P., Introduction to Inverse Prolems in Imaging, Bristol: IOP Publishing, 1998. 3. George, S., Nair, M. T., A class of discrepancy principles for the simplified regularization of ill-posed problems, J. Austral. Math. Soc, Ser.…     

Scaling techniques for gradient projection-type methods in astronomical image deblurring

The aim of this paper is to present a computational study on scaling techniques in gradient projection-type (GP-type) methods for deblurring of astronomical images corrupted by Poisson noise. In this case, the imaging problem is formulated as a non-negatively constrained minimization problem in which the objective function is the sum of a fit-to-data term, the Kullback–Leibler divergence, and a Tikhonov regularization term. The considered GP-type methods are formulated by a common iteration formula, where the scaling matrix and the step-length parameter characterize the different algorithms. Within this formulation, both first-order and Newton-like methods are analysed, with particular attention to those implementation features and behaviours relevant for the image restoration problem. The numerical experiments show that suited scaling strategies can enable the GP methods to quickly approximate accurate reconstructions and then are useful for designing effective image deblurring algorithms.     

基于低分辨率图像融合的超分辨率恢复方法

提出一种基于多帧低分辨图像融合的超分辨率图像恢复算法。将多帧低分辨图像融合成一帧与高分辨图像分辨率一致的图像,并对其中一幅低分辨图像插值,形成迭代恢复算法的初始值,在此基础上以Tikhonov正则化方法求解原始高分辨图像。分析和实验结果表明,该算法具有良好的鲁棒性,并且计算速度较快。     

电阻抗成像中混合罚函数正则化算法的仿真研究

该文将变差函数作为罚函数引入到电阻抗成像的正则化重构算法中，从而提出了一种新的电阻抗成像算法，文中称为混合罚函数正则化算法。与常规Tikhonov正则化算法相比，该算法的突出优点是：在确保重构解适定的同时，提高重构图像的对比度和锐度，且计算量增加不大。仿真对比实验结果显示，新算法所得重构图像目标区域与背景区域之间的边界清晰，定位更加准确，与真实医学图像更加符合，这对EIT重构成像技术早日走上实用化有积极的意义。     

混合特性正则化约束的运动模糊盲复原

目的 为了提高运动模糊图像盲复原清晰度,提出一种混合特性正则化约束的运动模糊盲复原算法。方法 首先利用基于局部加权全变差的结构提取算法提取显著边缘,降低了噪声对边缘提取的影响。然后改进模糊核模型的平滑与保真正则项,在保证精确估计的同时,增强了模糊核的抗噪性能。最后改进梯度拟合策略,并加入保边正则项,使图像梯度更加符合重尾分布特性,且保证了边缘细节。结果 本文通过两组实验验证改进模型与所提算法的优越性。实验1以模拟运动模糊图像作为实验对象,通过对比分析5种组合步骤算法的复原效果,验证了本文改进模糊核模型与改进复原图像模型的鲁棒性较强。实验结果表明,本文改进模型复原图像的边缘细节更加清晰自然,评价指标明显提升。实验2以小型无人机真实运动模糊图像为实验对象,通过与传统算法进行对比,对比分析了所提算法的鲁棒性与实用性。实验结果表明,本文算法复原图像的标准差提升约11.4%,平均梯度提升约30.1%,信息熵提升约2.2%,且具有较好的主观视觉效果。结论 针对运动模糊图像盲复原,通过理论分析和实验验证,说明了本文改进模型的优越性,所提算法的复原效果较好。     

基于图的数字全变差模型及其带噪图像任意精度放大

分析了利用Sobolev空间Tikhonov正则化模型对带噪图像进行放大的不足，基于图像的修复模型，提出带噪图像放大的数字全变差模型．利用有向图构造出兼顾噪声去除和图像放大的数字TV滤波器，并利用该滤波器提出一种新颖的图像放大算法．作为算法对比，利用Sobolev空间Tikhonor正则化模型，提出相对应的数字Tikhonov放大算法．结果表明：数字TV放大算法明显优于数字Tikhonov放大算法，不仅较好地抑制了噪声的影响，而且使得任意精度放大的图像边缘清晰、过渡自然，特别适合于目标边缘明显的一类非纹理的医学图像的放大。     

Bregman交替迭代遥感图像复原方法

针对多种退化因素的遥感图像复原问题,提出一种基于Bregman迭代的遥感图像消除不规则采样、去模糊和去噪总变差复原方法。在此基础上,结合非局部正则化方法,提出一种自适应计算非局部均值滤波器参数的方法。求解时使用交替最小化方法将复杂的复原问题分割为两个容易求解的子问题。实验结果表明,本文方法比其他基于Bregman迭代的方法收敛速度快、复原效果好,且加入非局部正则化后具有更好的纹理细节信息保持能力。     

基于方向场正则化的线描画生成算法

图像风格转化在计算机视觉领域广受关注, 其研究目标在于将输入图像利用计算机转化为具有某种特定艺术风格的图像. 线描画作为一种古老的画种, 它通过简单的线条勾勒物体的轮廓, 具有简约、抽象的风格. 本文提出一种基于方向场正则化的线描画生成算法, 该算法由4部分构成: 1)采用非局部平均滤波对输入图像进行预处理; 2)计算输入图像的方向场, 并基于自表示的思想对方向场进行Tikhonov正则化, 为了提高运算速度, 采用Sherman-Morrison-Woodbury公式来对正则化算法进行加速; 3)以正则方向场作为引导, 对预处理图像作高斯差分滤波; 4)根据人类视觉系统的非线性特点, 设计感知阈值(Perceptual thresholding)算法来对高斯差分滤波的结果进行阈值处理, 得到二值化的线描画图像. 仿真实验表明, 该算法可将输入图像转化为线条流畅且能有效表达输入图像主要信息的线描画图像.     

基于总变分的超分辨率图像重建

超分辨率图像重建是指从一组降晰的低分辨率图像重建出一帧清晰的高分辨率图像的过程。建立了超分辨率图像重建的数学模型,估计出场景在观测图像中的运动参数,选择总变分规整化克服问题的病态性得到重建结果。运用算法对模拟和实际图像序列进行重建,分别从主观效果和客观衡量标准两方面与基于Tikhonov规整化的超分辨率重建结果进行比较,结果表明该算法具有更好的处理效果。     

电容层析成像系统图像重建算法的研究

本文利用Tikhonov正则化和奇异系统理论,分析了引起电容层析成像系统逆问题不适定性的根本原因是由于敏感场矩阵小奇异值的存在。针对一般Tikhonov正则化方法将所有的奇异值都采取同一正则化参数修正带来的误差,本文将小奇异值对应的项设定正则化参数,而舍去零奇异值对应向量,既减少了误差又加快了速度。例算结果表明,用本文方法重建图像,比其它如线性反投影算法(LBP)、Landweber迭代法及一般Tikhonov正则化算法,都有一定程度的改善。     

Multiplicative noise removal via combining total variation and wavelet frame

Total variation (TV) regularization has been proved effective for cartoon images restoration however it produces staircase effects, and properly wavelet frames were confirmed to provide a more smoothing approximation to the original image. In this paper, a new model for multiplicative noise removal was proposed, which combines wavelet frame-based regularization and TV regularization. A modified proximal linearized alternating direction method is developed to solve the proposed model, considering that adding a new regularization term to the TV model would yield more parameters, which will result in computational difficulties. For the new model, the existence of solution and the convergence property of the proposed algorithm are proved. Numerical experiments have proved that the proposed model has a superior performance in terms of the peak signal-to-noise ratio and the relative error values for non-piecewise constant images when compared with some state-of-the-art multiplicative noise removal models.     

基于共生矩阵分析的自适应神经网络图像复原算法

为了保护图像中的细节信息，提出了一种基于共生矩阵聚类分析的自适应Hopfield神经网络图像复原算法．通过计算图像局部区域的共生矩阵提取其纹理特征，对共生矩阵非零元素进行聚类分析．根据聚类数量和各聚类之间的距离，提出了图像局部区域细节强度的定义及其计算方法．细节强度在准确地区分图像的平坦区域和细节区域基础上，通过非线性函数自适应地调整Hopfield网络的权系数矩阵，以使权系数适合图像的纹理特征，而且权系数的生成过程符合人的视觉特性．图像复原的迭代求解过程和神经网络权系数矩阵的更新过程交替进行．该算法能够在图像的平坦区域有效地抑制噪声，在包含细节的区域突出细节．对比实验结果显示，该算法获得的复原图像的信噪比明显提高，视觉效果明显改善．     

基于最大期望算法的电阻抗成像系统的图像重建

电阻抗成像EIT(Electrical impedance tomography)技术利用不同媒质具有不同的电导率这一物理基础,通过测量目标场在一定电刺激下所呈现出的电特性,推导出目标场内部的电导率分布信息,进而推知该场中媒质的分布情况。EIT图像重建问题是一个非线性的病态逆问题,且测量系统往往存在噪声,使重建图像中存在伪影,传统的正则化方法对重建图像伪影的抑制能力有限。本文将一种统计学方法,即最大期望EM(expectation maximization)算法应用于EIT逆问题求解。它将EIT的数学模型转化为非负约束极小化问题,并通过梯度投影简化牛顿算法GPRN(gradient projection-reduced Newton iteration method)求解该问题。与传统的Tikhonov算法和共轭梯度算法CG(conjugate gradient)相比,有效地抑制了重建图像中伪影的产生。仿真和实验结果表明,EIT系统可以通过EM算法获得高质量的重建图像。     

基于正则化技术的超分辨图像盲复原

针对低分辨率图像盲复原中信息不足的问题,可以用正则方法来求解。假设点扩散函数结构已知而参数未知,模糊矩阵可表示为带参数的形式,在Nguyen等人的正则有参盲复原框架的基础上,进一步根据Roberts交叉梯度算子构造正则项,从自适应的角度构造正则化参数,并用迭代法求解该框架的目标泛函极小值。算法分析和实验结果表明,这种方法能取得令人满意的超分辨图像复原效果。     

电磁逆散射成像的一种混合正则化方法

电磁逆散射成像问题数值求解中,非线性逆散射方程及其对应的离散方程组具有明显的不适定性,针对求解通常所用Tikhonov正则化方法的参数选择在先验选取时缺乏有效的误差信息,而后验选取时需要更多计算量求解有关参数的方程的困难,本文中将小参数Tikhonov正则化方法与共轭梯度法结合,提出了不适定方程组的混合正则化方法。数据仿真表明,该方法既可保证正则化效果,也减少了计算量。     

Relations Between Regularization and Diffusion Filtering

Regularization may be regarded as diffusion filtering with an implicit time discretization where one single step is used. Thus, iterated regularization with small regularization parameters approximates a diffusion process. The goal of this paper is to analyse relations between noniterated and iterated regularization and diffusion filtering in image processing. In the linear regularization framework, we show that with iterated Tikhonov regularization noise can be better handled than with noniterated. In the nonlinear framework, two filtering strategies are considered: the total variation regularization technique and the diffusion filter technique of Perona and Malik. It is shown that the Perona-Malik equation decreases the total variation during its evolution. While noniterated and iterated total variation regularization is well-posed, one cannot expect to find a minimizing sequence which converges to a minimizer of the corresponding energy functional for the Perona–Malik filter. To overcome this shortcoming, a novel regularization technique of the Perona–Malik process is presented that allows to construct a weakly lower semi-continuous energy functional. In analogy to recently derived results for a well-posed class of regularized Perona–Malik filters, we introduce Lyapunov functionals and convergence results for regularization methods. Experiments on real-world images illustrate that iterated linear regularization performs better than noniterated, while no significant differences between noniterated and iterated total variation regularization have been observed.     

基于二阶广义全变差正则项的模糊图像恢复算法

针对图像去模糊问题, 采用二阶广义全变差作为修复图像的正则项构建恢复模型, 并针对重建模型的高阶与非光滑特性, 给出了基于分裂Bregman 迭代的快速算法. 实验结果表明, 该模型和数值算法能够较好地恢复被噪声和模糊污染的图像, 同时可以很好地保留图像的纹理和细节信息.     

Blockwise conjugate gradient methods for image reconstruction in volumetric CT

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) enables volumetric image reconstruction from 2D projection data and plays an important role in image guided radiation therapy (IGRT). Filtered back projection is still the most frequently used algorithm in applications. The algorithm discretizes the scanning process (forward projection) into a system of linear equations, which must then be solved to recover images from measured projection data. The conjugate gradients (CG) algorithm and its variants can be used to solve (possibly regularized) linear systems of equations Ax=b and linear least squares problems minx∥b-Ax∥(2), especially when the matrix A is very large and sparse. Their applications can be found in a general CT context, but in tomography problems (e.g. CBCT reconstruction) they have not widely been used. Hence, CBCT reconstruction using the CG-type algorithm LSQR was implemented and studied in this paper. In CBCT reconstruction, the main computational challenge is that the matrix A usually is very large, and storing it in full requires an amount of memory well beyond the reach of commodity computers. Because of these memory capacity constraints, only a small fraction of the weighting matrix A is typically used, leading to a poor reconstruction. In this paper, to overcome this difficulty, the matrix A is partitioned and stored blockwise, and blockwise matrix-vector multiplications are implemented within LSQR. This implementation allows us to use the full weighting matrix A for CBCT reconstruction without further enhancing computer standards. Tikhonov regularization can also be implemented in this fashion, and can produce significant improvement in the reconstructed images.     

基于改进逆滤波的衍射成像光谱仪图像复原方法

针对在衍射光谱仪(DOIS)成像中离焦谱段对准焦谱段成像造成干扰而导致的图像模糊问题,提出一种改进的逆滤波复原方法,旨在解决逆滤波中存在的不适定问题,并利用该方法对衍射光谱图像进行复原。改进的逆滤波算法通过引入正则化矩阵来改变原始问题的求解形式,将逆滤波函数进行正则化,从而减弱噪声对图像复原效果所产生的影响。通过将图像复原过程转换为矩阵求逆的过程,并在SVD算法求解过程中添加规则滤波器的方法,来调节正则化矩阵的形式以及参数的大小,达到了减弱矩阵的病态性并取得较优的复原效果的目的。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效地对衍射成像光谱仪图像进行复原,在一定程度上提高了拉普拉斯梯度以及图像质量指数(QI)值,同时减小了均方根(RMSE)值。所提方法能够抑制噪声干扰,增强图像清晰度,复原出与参考图相似度更高的单谱段图像,并能够获得更好的光谱曲线,有助于分析出地貌特征。