神经网络自适应滑模控制的不确定机器人轨迹跟踪控制

提出一种针对机器人跟踪控制的神经网络自适应滑模控制策略。该控制方案将神经网络的非线性映射能力与滑模变结构和自适应控制相结合。对于机器人中不确定项,通过RBF网络分别进行自适应补偿,并通过滑模变结构控制器和自适应控制器消除逼近误差。同时基于Lyapunov理论保证机器手轨迹跟踪误差渐进收敛于零。仿真结果表明了该方法的优越性和有效性。     

具有H∞跟踪特性的机器人自适应模糊控制

为使机器人系统在有外界扰动的情况下具有良好的抗干扰能力，加快输出跟踪误差的收敛速度并提高其精度，提出了一种稳定的模糊自适应控制策略。该控制算法基于模糊逻辑系统，将模糊自适应控制器的设计与H∞控制相结合，在鲁棒补偿的基础上引入模糊补偿；并基于Lyapunov方法，给出了学习自适应律，及H∞跟踪特性的证明。对二自由度机器人的仿真结果表明，该算法使系统在跟踪误差的收敛速度和精度上都有了很大的改善，具有良好的鲁棒性和抗干扰能力。     

机器人系统的加权快速终端滑模主动容错控制

针对受执行器故障的非线性机器人系统,提出一种加权快速终端滑模主动容错控制方法。首先利用观测器估计机器人系统中的执行器故障信息,并通过自适应律对故障未知的界进行估计。然后根据机器人各关节的加权位置误差进一步设计快速终端滑模控制器对获得的故障信息做出补偿,从而实现有限时间主动容错控制。通过李雅普诺夫函数法证明了闭环系统的稳定性,并采用两关节机器人验证了方案的有效性。该方案可以通过对不同关节位置误差权重值的分配来相应地补偿故障的影响,能够在有限时间内使得机器人位置跟踪误差快速收敛且跟踪精度得到提高。     

基于滑模变结构控制的路径跟踪研究

为解决锅炉水冷壁磨损检测机器人的路径跟踪问题,提出了一种基于指数趋近律的滑模变结构控制的机器人路径跟踪方法。在水冷壁磨损检测机器人运动模型的基础上,进行路径跟踪误差分析,设计一种基于指数趋近律的滑模变结构控制器,再利用Lyapunov定理验证其收敛性,最后通过MATLAB软件模拟仿真,仿真结果表明该控制器可以克服误差,使位姿误差收敛至零。     

基于改进型非线性干扰观测器的爬壁机器人轨迹跟踪

针对爬壁机器人建模不准确及容易受外部扰动的影响造成位置及姿态误差的问题,提出了一种基于改进型非线性干扰观测器的轨迹跟踪控制方案.首先通过反演控制设计了一个运动学控制器为机器人动力学控制提供参考质心速度与角速度.其次应用改进型非线性扰动观测器作为前馈控制对建模误差及外部扰动进行估计,并保证扰动误差以指数形式收敛.最后针对引入干扰观测器的动力学模型设计了滑模控制器.该方案对外界干扰进行了快速补偿,并通过Lyapunov定理证明了其稳定性.仿真结果表明该控制方法对于克服建模误差及外界干扰具有较好的效果.     

基于无模型自适应控制的视觉伺服

传统的机器人视觉伺服控制技术需要已知机器人精确的动力学和运动学模型以及机器人的手-眼参数。然而,由于机器人建模、手-眼标定等过程存在一定误差,因此很难精确获得视觉伺服控制模型,从而影响机器人视觉伺服系统的精度和收敛速度。针对这一难题,本文提出一种基于无模型自适应控制方法（MFAC）的机器人视觉伺服技术。利用视觉伺服系统的输入与输出数据,实现自适应视觉伺服控制,即通过MFAC在线估计机器人伺服控制器中的雅各比矩阵,并结合滑模控制器,实现机器人对目标的快速精确跟踪。实验结果表明,本文提出的方法在系统参数变化引起的未知扰动情况下仍能保证伺服控制器平稳收敛,并且能够减小视觉跟踪误差。     

任意初态下的工业机器人迭代学习控制

对迭代初值为任意值的工业机器人轨迹跟踪控制系统,提出了一种基于滑模面的非线性迭代学习控制算法,使机器人轨迹能快速、精确跟踪上期望轨迹。基于有限时间收敛原理,构建了关于机器人轨迹跟踪误差的迭代滑模面,在滑模面内,机器人轨迹跟踪误差在预定时间内收敛到零。设计了基于滑模面的迭代学习控制算法,理论证明了随着迭代次数的增加,处于任意初态的轨迹将一致收敛到滑模面内,解决了迭代学习中的任意初值问题。数值仿真验证了该算法的有效性和抗干扰能力。     

不依赖模型的机器人鲁棒自适应跟踪控制

提出了一种新颖的鲁棒自适应控制策略，用于不确定性机器人的轨迹跟踪。它不需要任何模型知识，唯一需了解的是系统的阶数和输出的位置及速度状态。理论和仿真均证明，系统的不确定性诸如摩擦力、外部扰动及未建模动力学带来的不确定性影响，均可被设计的控制律补偿，最后可保证全局指数收敛或全局一致最后有界的结果。另外，本文还给出了跟踪误差的暂态测量。     

柔性关节微操作机器人自适应模糊预测控制

对一种柔性关节微操作机器人系统提出了多输入多输出直接自适应模糊广义预测控制方法,此方法先基于机器人理论模型设计出广义预测控制器,再构造直接自适应模糊控制器逼近广义预测控制器,并用机器人视觉误差信息对控制器参数和广义误差向量估计值中的未知向量进行自适应调整,以增强对建模误差的鲁棒性,并证明了所设计的控制器可使微操作机器人跟踪时变参考轨迹时的广义误差估计值收敛到原点的小邻域内,以达到控制要求,仿真结果验证了此方法的有效性.     

轮式机器人轨迹跟踪控制系统的设计

针对轮式机器人轨迹跟踪控制系统误差收敛速率低、精度和实时性差的问题,采用反演控制算法并结合李雅普诺夫稳定性分析方法对轮式机器人的轨迹跟踪系统进行了优化设计;建立了轮式机器人轨迹跟踪控制系统的运动学模型,并对该模型进行位置偏差分析;在反演控制算法中引入了分部虚拟控制量,并分析和设计了其他间接受控量,提高了算法运行的效率;采用李雅普诺夫收敛定理对系统的收敛性进行分析,根据分析的结果提出了算法更加简单的控制律;利用Matlab软件的Simulink库对设计的轨迹跟踪控制系统试验研究;结果表明,与基于李雅普诺夫直接法或者迭代学习算法设计的轮式机器人轨迹跟踪控制系统相比较,设计的控制系统具有跟踪精度高、收敛速度快、实时性好的优点。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate