共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
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精度高且实时性好的柔性触觉变形模型是实现触觉再现系统的关键。提出了一种新的基于物理意义的平行菱形链连接触觉变形模型,系统中各个链结构单元相对位移的叠加对外等效为物体表面的变形,与之相连的弹簧弹性力的合力等效为物体表面的接触力。使用Delta 6-DOF手控器,建立了触觉再现实验系统,对柔性体的接触变形和实时虚拟触觉反馈进行仿真, 实验结果表明所提出的模型不仅计算简单,而且能够保证触觉接触力和形变计算具有较高精度,满足虚拟现实系统对精细作业和实时性的要求。 相似文献
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为了提高柔性体变形仿真运行速度并且解决切割对变形计算稳定性的负面影响,提出了能与GPU加速的变形算法协同运作的基于虚拟节点法的柔性体实时切割仿真方法.柔性体模型由真实四面体网格嵌入虚拟四面体网格中构成,前者用于碰撞处理和图形渲染,而后者则用于变形计算.切割算法首先分裂真实四面体网格;然后复制包含超过一块真实四面体连通碎片的虚拟四面体,每个复制品包含一块真实四面体碎片;再根据真实四面体之间的连接关系更新虚拟四面体之间的连接关系;最后更新真实四面体网格与虚拟四面体网格之间的镶嵌关系.为了确保仿真系统不被限制在NVIDIA公司的GPU上,GPU加速使用OpenCL实现.仿真测试结果表明,该方法可以在任意多次切割情况下保持变形计算稳定不发散,并且在NVIDIA公司和AMD公司的GPU上都可以正确运行. 相似文献
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用于软组织变形仿真的层状菱形链连接模型 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
为提高软组织变形仿真的精度与实时性,提出一种新颖的、基于物理意义的层状菱形链连接模型.该模型中每层各个链结构单元相对位移的叠加对外等效为物体表面的变形,与之相连的弹簧弹性力的合力等效为物体表面接触力.利用6-DOFDelta手控器构建了力触觉交互实验系统,使用虚拟软组织模型进行按压、拉拽等交互操作,并通过反馈力产生触觉感.实验结果表明,该模型不仅计算简单,而且能够保证触觉接触力和变形计算具有较高精度;同时在交互过程中,力触觉感觉平稳、模拟效果逼真、满足虚拟现实系统对精细作业和实时性的要求. 相似文献
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为满足虚拟手术中软组织变形的精确性和实时性要求,提出一种基于复合模型的软组织变形模拟算法。该复合变形模型包括复合网格的建立,复合网格中粗糙体网格应用有限元模型,精细表面网格应用基于位置动力学模型,通过变形计算流程实现变形模拟。复合模型与传统的有限元模型和基于位置的动力学模型相比,变形的精确性和实时性取得了更好的平衡。通过变形实例,表明复合模型对于实例模型也具有很好的展示效果。 相似文献
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有限单元法被广泛的采用来描述柔性体的弹性变形,然而有限元节点坐标数目庞大,将会给动力学方程求解带来巨大的计算负担.如何降低柔性体的自由度,是当前柔性多体系统动力学研究的一个重要命题.本文以中心刚体-柔性梁系统为例,采用Krylov方法和模态方法进行降价.然后分别采用有限元全模型、Krylov降阶模型和模态降阶模型,对中心刚体-柔性梁进行刚-柔耦合动力学仿真.仿真结果表明,与采用模态降阶方法相比,采用Krylov模型降阶方法只需要较低的自由度,就可以得到与采用有限元方法完全一致的结果.说明Krylov模型降阶方法能够有效的用于柔性多体系统的模型降价研究. 相似文献
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Contact and Deformation Modeling for Interactive Environments 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Qi Luo Jing Xiao 《Robotics, IEEE Transactions on》2007,23(3):416-430
Contact and deformation modeling for interactive environments has seen many applications, from surgical simulation and training, to virtual prototyping, to teleoperation, etc., where both visual feedback and haptic feedback are needed. High-quality feedback demands a high level of physical realism as well as a high update rate in rendering, which are often conflicting requirements. In this paper, we present a unique approach to modeling force and deformation between a rigid body and an elastic object under complex contacts, which achieves a good compromise of reasonable physical realism and real-time update rate (at least 1 kHz). We simulate contact forces based on a nonlinear physical model. We further introduce a novel approximation of material deformation suitable for interactive environments based on applying Bernoulli-Euler bending beam theory to the simulation of elastic shape deformation. Our approach is able to simulate the contact forces exerted upon the rigid body (that can be virtually held by a user via a haptic device) not only when it forms one or more than one contact with the elastic object, but also when it moves compliantly on the surface of the elastic object, taking friction into account. Our approach is also able to simulate the global and local shape deformation of the elastic object due to contact. All the simulations can be performed in a combined update rate of over 1 kHz, which we demonstrate in several examples. 相似文献
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Active sensing, in which a robot pushes an object and senses the reaction force or joint angle by means of the force sensor at the point of the contact or on the joint, is one of the effective approaches to estimate the physical properties of an object, such as its compliance. A compliant joint driven by elastic actuators has an advantage over a rigid joint driven by a motor with a high gear ratio in that it absorbs the reaction force, and thus avoids any joint damage during active sensing. However, this approach is not suitable for either rigid joint or a compliant joint because the sensors attached to the contact point and the joint tend to break, owing to iterative contact or an excessive force. Here, this paper adopts a one-degree-of-freedom joint mechanism driven by elastic pneumatic actuators, and focuses on the passivity of the elastic pneumatic actuator, in which the pressure is changed when force is applied, after which it is deformed. By utilizing the passivity of the actuators under a number of conditions, this paper derives multiple regression models of the force and the angle, using the pressures before and after force is applied to the joint mechanism. Experimental results present that the contact information can be estimated from the pressure values and that the joint mechanism can detect the elasticity of an object using the regression models. We also observe the range of the elasticity of the object by tuning the joint compliance. This approach provides a robot hand that can estimate the contact information, including the force and joint displacement, avoiding the failure of the sensors. 相似文献
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The Cosserat theory of elastic rods has been used in a wide range of application domains to model and simulate the elastic deformation of thin rods. It is physically accurate and its implementations are efficient for interactive simulation. However, one requirement of using Cosserat rod theory is that the tubular object must have rigid cross‐sections that are small compared to its length. This requirement make it difficult for the approach to model elastic deformation of rods with large, non‐rigid cross‐sections that can change shape during rod deformation, in particular, hollow tubes. Our approach achieves this task using a hybrid model that binds a mesh elastically to a reference Cosserat rod. The mesh represents the surface of the hollow tube while the reference rod models bending, twisting, shearing and stretching of the tube. The cross‐sections of the tube may take on any arbitrary shape. The binding is established by a mapping between mesh vertices and the rod's directors. Deformation of the elastic tube is accomplished in two phases. First, the reference rod is deformed according to Cosserat theory. Next, the mesh is deformed using Laplacian deformation according to its mapping to the rod and its surface elastic energy. This hybrid approach allows the tube to deform in a physically correct manner in relation to the bending, twisting, shearing, and stretching of the reference rod. It also allows the surface to deform realistically and efficiently according to surface elastic energy and the shape of the reference rod. In this way, the deformation of elastic hollow tubes with large, non‐rigid cross‐sections can be simulated accurately and efficiently. 相似文献
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Grip-force control of an elastic object by vision-based slip-margin feedback during the incipient slip 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this paper, a grip-force control of an elastic object is proposed based on a visual slip-margin feedback. When an elastic object is pressed and slid slightly on a rigid plate, a partial slip, called "incipient slip," occurs on the contact surface. The slip margin between an elastic object and a rigid plate is estimated based on the analytic solution of a Hertzian contact model. A one-degree-of-freedom gripper consisting of a camera and a force sensor is developed. The slip margin can be estimated from the tangential force measured by a force sensor, the deformation of the elastic object and the radius on the contact area both measured by a camera. In the proposed method, the friction coefficient is not explicitly needed. The "eccentricity" is used to estimate the displacement of the elastic object at the contact area with high accuracy. The grip force is controlled by a direct feedback of the estimated slip margin. The proof of the contact stability by the proposed control is analytically given. As a result, the slip margin is maintained at a desired value, without occurring the gross slip against a disturbance traction force to the object. The validity of the proposed method is confirmed by experiments. 相似文献
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《Advanced Robotics》2013,27(6):495-514
This paper presents an active method for locating target objects in images, which is aimed at improving the performance of detecting object boundaries by enhancing the behavioral characteristics of an active contour. The proposed active contour model simulates a mechanical system consisting of two main parts: the first is a rigid fixture, called the 'core', specifying the expected shape of target boundaries, while the second is an elastic rod attached to the rigid fixture. The elastic rod deforms or moves relative to the rigid core according to the classical laws of the mechanical system. When the initial contour is applied to an image data, it is attracted near the dominant image features, but tries to keep its home shape and simultaneously make the deformation smooth if a deformation is more natural for force equilibrium. This mechanism significantly improves the performance of detecting object boundaries in the presence of some disturbing image features. The active contour is scale invariant, thereby significantly relieving the difficulty in selecting proper values for the model parameters. The values for the model parameters can be selected to make the contour have the desired behaviors around the equilibrium position through the analysis of the vibration mode of the mechanical system. The performance of the proposed method is validated through a series of experiments, which include detection of heavily degraded objects, tracking of objects under non-rigid motion and comparisons with the original snake models. 相似文献
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J. Lellmann J. Balzer A. Rieder J. Beyerer 《International Journal of Computer Vision》2008,80(2):226-241
Inferring scene geometry from a sequence of camera images is one of the central problems in computer vision. While the overwhelming
majority of related research focuses on diffuse surface models, there are cases when this is not a viable assumption: in many
industrial applications, one has to deal with metal or coated surfaces exhibiting a strong specular behavior. We propose a
novel and generalized constrained gradient descent method to determine the shape of a purely specular object from the reflection
of a calibrated scene and additional data required to find a unique solution. This data is exemplarily provided by optical
flow measurements obtained by small scale motion of the specular object, with camera and scene remaining stationary. We present
a non-approximative general forward model to predict the optical flow of specular surfaces, covering rigid body motion as
well as elastic deformation, and allowing for a characterization of problematic points. We demonstrate the applicability of
our method by numerical experiments on synthetic and real data. 相似文献
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Recovery of nonrigid motion and structure 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Pentland A. Horowitz B. 《IEEE transactions on pattern analysis and machine intelligence》1991,13(7):730-742
The authors introduce a physically correct model of elastic nonrigid motion. This model is based on the finite element method, but decouples the degrees of freedom by breaking down object motion into rigid and nonrigid vibration or deformation modes. The result is an accurate representation for both rigid and nonrigid motion that has greatly reduced dimensionality, capturing the intuition that nonrigid motion is normally coherent and not chaotic. Because of the small number of parameters involved, this representation is used to obtain accurate overstrained estimates of both rigid and nonrigid global motion. It is also shown that these estimates can be integrated over time by use of an extended Kalman filter, resulting in stable and accurate estimates of both three-dimensional shape and three-dimensional velocity. The formulation is then extended to include constrained nonrigid motion. Examples of tracking single nonrigid objects and multiple constrained objects are presented 相似文献
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根据Hertz接触定律和Coulomb摩擦定律,建立了含间隙平面旋转铰的力学模型;采用几何变形约束法和模态缩聚技术描述柔性机械臂的非线性变形;同时考虑两个旋转铰的间隙特性和柔性臂的弹性变形,最终采用Kane方程建立了含铰链间隙的刚-柔机械臂系统的动力学模型. 相似文献
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We use a finite element model to predict the vibration response of objects in a rigid body simulation, such that rigid objects are augmented to provide a plausible elastic collision response between distant objects due to vibration. We start with a generalized eigenvalue decomposition of the elastic model to precompute a response to an impact at any point on an elastic object with fixed boundary conditions. Then, given a collision between objects, we generate an approximate response impulse to distribute to other objects already in contact with the colliding bodies. This can lead to distant impacts causing an object to slip, or a delicate stack of objects to fall. We also use a geodesic distance based spatial attenuation approximation for travelling waves in objects to respond to an impact at one contact with an impulse at other locations. This response ultimately allows a long distance relationship between contacts, both across a single object being struck, but also traversing the contact graph of a larger collection of objects. We qualitatively validate our approach with a ground truth simulation, and demonstrate a number of scenarios where a long distance relationship between contacts is valuable. 相似文献