基于差分进化算法的PID参数整定

研究了PID控制器的参数整定问题.常用的工程整定法没有考虑系统的任何要求,只能提供给系统一个稳定的状态,无法使系统运行最佳.理论设计法只能保证满足系统的某一特性要求.针对这两种方法存在的缺陷,将差分进化算法应用于PID参数整定,提出了基于差分进化算法的PID参数整定方法.新方法根据系统性能指标,设计适应度函数,充分利用差分进化算法优秀的寻优能力,寻找出较优的PID参数.最后,通过实例对三种参数整定方法的控制效果进行了仿真和比较,仿真结果证明了基于差分进化算法的PID参数整定方法明显优于工程整定法和理论设计法.     

PID参数整定法的仿真

PID调节器的控制品质,主要取决于调节器的参数整定.计算量大是用理论计算方法整定PID调节器参数要解决的难题之一.针对PID调节器参数整定过程中计算复杂、计算量大的问题,提出了一种基于Matlab的调节器参数衰减频率特性整定法.该方法以Matlab为工具,将理论计算与仿真分析结合起来,根据控制要求计算并绘制出控制器整定参数关系曲线,对计算结果进行仿真,分析整定参数在解平面上变化时闭环系统的响应,从而确定出最佳的调节器整定参数.结果表明,对于不同的被控对象参数或不同的整定要求,该方法都能方便地求得最佳的调节器整定参数,使得采用理论计算法整定调节器参数具有了工程实用价值.     

基于MATLAB/SimuIink的PID参数整定

钊对PID)参数整定过程的复尔性,基于MATLAB/SimulInk仿真环境,模拟临界比例度法PID参数整定的方法和步骤,给出了一种简单有效的PID参数整定方法.与通常的整定方法比较,其优点是非常直观、可以随意修改仿真参数,节省了大量的计算和编程工作量.通过仿真实例验证了该方法的有效性.     

基于时间尺度的感应电机自抗扰控制器的参数整定

自抗扰控制器(ADRC)在感应电机控制中取得了优良的控制效果, 但控制器参数整定比较困难. 本文从时间尺度的概念入手分析ADRC参数整定问题, 通过理论分析得出感应电机的时间尺度, 并结合时间尺度与ADRC参数的关系进行参数整定, 得到了感应电机按定子磁场定向矢量控制的ADRC控制器参数整定方法, 该方法尤其适于多台电机的参数整定. 仿真结果表明该方法可行, 为感应电机ADRC提供了一种参数整定方法.     

PI调节器设计的可视化算法

研究控制器优化问题,针对PI控制器的参数通常采用试凑法和归一参数整定法来整定,很难得到最优的整定参数.数据可视的整定方法,是在所求出的稳定集的基础上利用频域性能来优化PI控制器参数,把相角裕度和幅值裕度表达式的非线性方程转化为受控对象频率响应的信息来绘制图形,用相关平面图的交集来取代多元高次方程的解.进行仿真证明,在整定的参数集中频域性能能够得到比较满意的结果,验证了阶跃响应数据可视化算法优化的设计效果.     

基于遗传算法的PID参数整定及仿真

PID参数整定是一个多参量组合优化问题,文章针对目前常用的工程整定法和理论设计法只能从系统的单项性能指标出发进行整定,而无法对系统性能进行全面控制的缺陷,提出了基于遗传算法的PID参数整定方法.这种方法可以充分利用遗传算法的适应度函数,有效地引入所需的系统性能指标,对系统进行全面的参数设计.而且,文章通过实例对几种参数整定方法的控制效果进行了仿真和比较,证明了基于遗传算法的PID参数整定方法的可行性和良好的控制效果.     

线性自抗扰控制参数b0 辨识及参数整定规律

针对自抗扰控制中参数b0 整定困难的问题, 提出一种新的参数辨识方法, 对线性自抗扰控制器(LADRC) 中的参数b0 进行辨识, 并提出了LADRC参数整定的基本规律. 通过频域分析研究了控制器参数b₀ 和控制器带宽b₀ 的变化对闭环系统扰动抑制能力的影响. 通过分析闭环控制系统的稳定区域研究了控制器的鲁棒性. 仿真结果表明, 根据辨识得到的b0 可以快速整定LADRC的参数, 使LADRC具有较强的鲁棒性.

     

基于PLC的矿井排水系统的模糊-PID设计

针对水泵系统具有非线型、大时滞的特点,将参数自整定模糊PID控制算法应用于水泵系统,利用模糊逻辑进行在线参数自整定的Fuzzy-PID控制.通过对PID参数进行在线自动调整,实现水泵系统自动控制.仿真结果和实际应用表明:采用参数自整定的Fuzzy PID控制,系统具有较强的鲁棒性和良好的稳定性.     

遗传算法的自适应PID控制器的应用

针对工业过程中常见的二阶延迟系统的PID参数整定问题,提出了基于实数编码遗传算法的自适应参数整定方法.该方法利用遗传算法可快速全局寻优的特点,通过对控制器参数进行实数编码,将性能指标构成相应的适应度函数,采用自适应变异概率,反复进行遗传操作获得整定控制器的最佳参数.仿真结果表明所提出的整定方法效果显著,且控制器具有良好的抗干扰能力.     

基于二次型优化空调PID-DDC系统控制器参数

讨论了整定PID控制系统控制器的优化参数问题。用泰勒级数展开特征方程,按线性系统从分析空调控制系统的稳定性入手,应用二次型性能指标解控制器参数最佳问题,并通过加权优化方法,导出整定计算公式。根据空调控制系统的实测数椐,计算出保证系统稳定性的参数范围并整定优化PID参数。用单位阶跃响应曲线法求出控制系统的控制品质指标、最大百分超调量和调整时间。比较在相同优化PD参数和按不同加权因子整定优化积分时间的控制品质指标并进行脉冲扰动分析。     

Three-dimensional shape recognition method using ultrasonics for manipulator control system

This article describes a three-dimensional shape recognition method that employs an ultrasonic distance sensor mounted on a manipulator, and its application to a manipulator control system. The principle of the method is to reconstruct an object surface numerically using both distance and orientation informations of an object. The method makes it possible to control the manipulator, to set the sensor in any position and orientation employing freedom of the manipulator, and to measure the object. The method is available for manipulator control because it can precisely assess the distance from the manipulator to the object, as well as reconstruct the object shape. Experimental results show that the newly developed method make object shape recognition easy and inexpensive. Application experiment proved that the method is effective for manipulator work due to its provision of distance information.     

基于遗传算法模式匹配的机器人实时视觉伺服

对于机器人手臂来讲 ,对工作环境的识别是完成一个智能任务的最重要的问题之一 .因为这种智能可以使它工作在一个变化的环境中 .本文提出了一种新的机器人手臂的控制策略 ,可以利用视觉信息来指导机器人的手臂在它的工作空间中捡起一个已知形状但任意位置和方向的物体 .在对物体的搜索过程中 ,利用基于视觉闭环的视觉伺服来完成对机器人手臂的运动控制 .本系统利用遗传算法 (Genetic Algorithm ,GA)和模式匹配技术完成对搜索空间的搜索并获得了良好的结果 .本文完成了对带有两连杆手臂的视觉伺服系统的仿真 ,仿真结果证明了算法的有效性     

Intelligent compliant motion control

The role of a compliant motion scheme is to control a robot manipulator in contact with its environment. By accommodating with the interaction force, the manipulator can be used to accomplish tasks that involve constrained motions. This paper presents a new work on the compliant motion control for position-controlled manipulator. A new method for achieving efficient interaction between the manipulator and its environment is developed. The interaction force is reduced using a quadratic cost function. In this method, the compliance is formulated as function of the interaction force. An adaptive element is used to update the compliance. The stability of the system is investigated using the Lyapunov approach. Experiments are conducted in our laboratory to demonstrate the use of such scheme.     

GA-pattern matching-based manipulator control system for real-time visual servoing

_—In robotic applications, tasks of picking and placing are the most fundamental ones. Also, for a robot manipulator, the recognition of its working environment is one of the most important issues to do intelligent tasks, since this aptitude enables it to work in a variable environment. This paper presents a new control strategy for robot manipulators, which utilizes visual information to direct the manipulator in its working space, to pick up an object of known shape, but with arbitrary position and orientation. During the search for an object to be picked up, vision-based control by closed-loop feedback, referred to as visual servoing, is performed to obtain the motion control of the manipulator hand. The system employs a genetic algorithm (GA) and a pattern matching technique to explore the search space and exploit the best solutions by this search technique. The control strategy utilizes the found results of GA-pattern matching in every step of GA evolution to direct the manipulator towards the target object. We named this control strategy step-GA-evnlution. This control method can be applied for manipulator real-time visual servoing and solve its path planning problem in real-time, i.e. in order for the manipulator to adapt the execution of the task by visual information during the process execution. Simulations have been performed, using a two-link planar manipulator and three image models, in order to find which one is the best for real-time visual servoing and the results show the effectiveness of the control method.     

基于立体视觉的机械手未知平面内曲线跟踪

为了提高机械手应用的灵活性,增强机械手对动态环境的适应能力,降低机械手对工件位置的依赖性,采用立体视觉技术对未知平面的法线方向进行估计,根据工程应用中对末端执行器的速度以及位姿的实际要求,采用PID控制策略控制机械手末端执行器与工件之间的相对位姿.进行了仿真实验以验证所提方法的有效性,结果表明:该方法能够实现末端执行器和工件之间相对位姿的动态控制.     

Hybrid control: A constrained motion perspective

Control of manipulators during execution of tasks that require the end-effector to come into contact with objects in its work environment represents an important class of control problem. Hybrid control, a concept which defines the architecture of a class of control laws has been proposed as a method with which to solve this control problem. One interpretation of the hybrid control method is within the framework of constrained motion control. Constrained motion occurs during contact by the manipulator end-effector with rigid objects in the workplace, hence the motion of the manipulator is kinematically constrained. Papers have appeared in the robotics control literature addressing hybrid control within the constrained motion context which do not explicitly use the constrained dynamic formulation that correctly describes the dynamic behaviour of the manipulator. This article serves to link results from constrained motion control and the existing literature on the hybrid control method. In this article a formulation of the constrained manipulator dynamics is presented in which the hybrid control design is most naturally carried out. This formulation of the manipulator dynamics, previously proposed in the robotics literature, is such that the generalized force and position coordinates to be controlled are mutually orthogonal. Hence, the hybrid selection matrices, a key element of the hybrid control design philosophy, are implicit in this coordinate representation. A hybrid control design methodology is then formulated based on this development. Two hybrid control laws are proposed. For each hybrid control law, the global asymptotic stability is readily established due to the natural coordinate representation. One of these hybrid control laws, a constrained motion control law already proposed in the literature, is given to illustrate the equivalence of the hybrid control design and certain existing constrained motion control methods. Finally, a concrete example of a three-degree-of-freedom robotic manipulator illustrates the hybrid design methodology proposed.     

基于专家PID的带臂四旋翼无人机控制方法

相较于未带臂的无人机,带臂无人机（UAV）的飞行轨迹会出现较大偏差,更难以稳定控制。为了解决带臂UAV的精确轨迹控制问题,提出基于专家PID的带臂四旋翼无人机控制方法。首先,将机械臂搭载于UAV上把它们作为整体,并通过拉格朗日方程建立了带臂UAV的运动学和动力学系统模型;其次,设计专家PID控制器用于对系统的稳定控制;然后利用五次多项式对带臂UAV的机械臂进行轨迹规划;最后,通过仿真验证专家PID控制方法对带臂UAV稳定控制的有效性。实验结果表明,相较于常规PID控制,所提基于专家PID的控制方法提高了系统的响应速度,且能够有效地抑制外部扰动;该方法对于动作情况下的机械臂能够稳定地跟踪其轨迹,且具有很好的抗扰性和鲁棒性。     

基于Matlab机械臂力控系统仿真研究

以位置控制为主的机械臂控制方法已不能满足某些复杂环境（装配、抛光、去毛刺）的应用要求,控制机械臂与环境间的接触力已成为机器人学研究的一个热点。提出一种在Matlab/SimMechanics环境下平面二自由度机械臂力控制的仿真研究方法。在平面中模拟机械臂与环境的接触面,设计振荡抑制控制器,实现机械臂与环境间接触力的控制,以及机械臂与刚性环境碰撞接触过程中冲击振荡阶段的振荡抑制,生成机械臂期望的运动轨迹。仿真结果表明,该方法可实现特定作业下机械臂与环境间接触力的控制。     

基于CAN总线控制系统的航天特种机械臂设计

航天特种机械臂具备精确操作和视觉识别的能力,在载人航天领域中广泛应用,为了在复杂环境中精准完成陆基装配任务,设计基于CAN总线控制系统的航天特种机械臂。从关节、连杆、驱动电机、锁紧制动器等方面,组装航天特种机械臂结构元件。装设航天特种机械臂控制器,在控制器中加设一个串行通信接口,将控制器连接到CAN总线中,配置CAN总线控制系统的通信协议,完成航天特种机械臂硬件结构设计。利用航天特种机械臂中传感器设备,检测航天特种机械臂实时位姿,补偿航天特种机械臂重力负载。根据机械臂工作任务,规划移动轨迹,在控制器的支持下,通过控制量的计算与通信,实现航天特种机械臂的控制功能。性能测试实验表明,设计基于CAN总线控制系统的航天特种机械臂平均位置和关节姿态角的控制误差分别为3.0m和0.32°,平均形变量为2.64m2,具有较好的控制性能和抗压性能。     

A design of digital adaptive control systems for space robot manipulators using a transpose of the generalized Jacobian matrix

We propose a digital control method for space robot manipulators using the transpose of the generalized Jacobian matrix. The method, however, is developed on the supposition that all the physical parameters of the robot manipulator are known. Therefore, if the end-effector of the manipulator captures an object whose mass is unknown, the stability of the control system cannot be maintained because the physical parameters are changed. This article presents the adaptive control version.This work was presented, in part, at the 9th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 28–30, 2004