信息可视化探究

本文阐述了信息可视化的起源和体现,探究了信息可视化的实质和研究构架,并探讨了信息可视化的实现工具,旨在对信息可视进行一个多视角的研究和分析.     

关系型数据可视化实现方法

数据可视化是一种重要的数据处理技术,将数据以图表的形式呈现出来,提供直观的可视界面,用户通过视觉器官获得经过可视编码后的信息,经大脑解码并形成认知,在交互和分析过程中洞悉信息内涵,获得解决问题的方法.各类业务数据均为关系型数据,阐述了数据可视化的基本原理,在此基础上描述了关系型数据可视化的原则、方法和工具.     

DaisyVA:支持信息多面体可视分析的智能交互式可视化平台

针对目前缺乏有效地支持信息多面体可视分析的交互式信息可视化平台的问题,提出并实现了一个面向最终用户的交互式可视化平台DaisyVA.首先建立了一个支持信息多面体可视分析界面模型IMFA,并定义了IMFA的多面体数据模型、可视表征模型和交互控制模型;然后围绕IMFA设计了DaisyVA的体系架构,讨论了基于模型的系统开发机制、核心模块与运行时框架机理,以及DaisyVA组件库;最后将DaisyVA应用于大型集团制造企业物流网络瓶颈的可视分析实例中.实例分析结果表明,DaisyVA能为多面体数据提供统一建模的支持和可扩展可视化算法库的支持、提供多种所需的交互技术并可灵活定制可视分析的交互任务、支持信息多面体间的内在语义关联分析,以及能够为最终用户提供一种简单快速原型方法,因此能够为信息多面体可视分析提供一种有效的支持.     

时间事件序列数据可视化综述

时间事件序列数据,是由一个或多个记录构成的集合,每个记录由一组带有时间戳的事件类别组成.数据可视化被广泛用于时间事件序列数据的频繁模式发现、相似模式匹配与查询以及潜在阶段模式检测.文中介绍了时间事件序列数据的特征,并重点从时间事件序列数据的可视化呈现方法和可视分析2个方面对已有的工作进行了系统的整理.在可视化呈现方式上,将现有的可视化方法分为4个类别,即基于GanttChart、基于Flow、基于StoryLines及基于矩阵的可视化方法,并分别介绍了相关类别的可视化方法的发展;将可视分析任务总结为4类主要任务,即模式发现与探索、可视化查询、对比分析及结果事件分析,并且从这些可视分析任务的角度总结了现有的可视分析工具.最后,对时间事件序列数据可视化面临的挑战以及未来趋势进行了总结和展望,以期为时间事件序列数据分析提供新的思路.     

面向网状信息的Radial+Focus可视化*

针对当前网状信息可视化技术忽略了网状信息节点的可视信息的问题,提出一种面向网状信息的Radial+Focus可视化技术。首先介绍网状信息节点的信息详细度与先验重要度,并研究通过节点的交互历史计算节点的先验重要度的方法;然后研究了基于节点先验重要度的Radial+Focus布局算法;最后,给出了Radial+Focus可视化技术的应用实例和实验评估。实验评估表明,该技术能自然、高效地可视化网状信息,为用户对网状信息关系及网状信息节点的可视信息的分析提供有力的支持。     

商业管理信息可视化技术

在此给出商业管理信息可视化的概念,构建适合商业信息可视化空间,绘制二维或三维的可视化图形.提出了适合商业管理的可视化模型,并对电子商务、商品销售的信息可视化技术的案例进行了分析.     

科学计算可视化

科学计算可视化(V_isc)是正在兴起的崭新技术领域。V_isc把数据信息转换成可视信息,是分析与解释大体积数据的有力工具。本文阐述了V_isc技术的若干重要方面,指出研制可视化应用开发环境VadE的主要目标,即与学科无关性和可视驾驭计算功能。     

知识图谱可视化综述

知识图谱是结构化的语义网络知识库,以符号形式描述概念及其相互关系.由于知识图谱常被用于交互的知识的发现与推理,知识图谱可视化受到众多关注.总结了知识图谱可视化相关工作,介绍了知识图谱的可视表达,分析了可视表达适用的知识图谱类型;简述了大规模知识图谱可视化的挑战与可视化方法、异质网络可视分析方法;介绍了知识图谱可视化的应用案例,并预测了该领域的未来发展方向和挑战.     

一种环境质量数据可视化与可视分析系统

随着全球环境气候的日益严峻,迫切需要通过环境信息化手段来为政府相关部门在保护环境、规划社会发展等方面提供决策支持,环境质量数据可视化与可视分析技术在环境信息化过程中起着举足轻重的作用。本文主要从可视化和可视分析的角度介绍所设计和实现的系统的体系结构和功能,并对系统的关键技术进行重点讨论。实例结果表明,该系统在多源环境质量数据的可视化建模、组织方式和数据的二三维可视化展现以及数据的动态调度、三维场景的实时渲染等方面都有独特的解决方案,系统可以全方位地展现环境质量数据中的信息,实现对综合多源环境质量数据进行分析。     

层次信息可视化技术研究综述

随着掌控的层次信息在数量和规模上的急剧增长,用户迫切需要高效的可视化工具在理解信息和制定决策过程中对认知行为进行辅助.首先对层次结构进行介绍,给出层次可视化的设计目标;然后讨论了层次可视化技术的分类问题,并尝试提出一种较为合理且便于阐述的表现-维度分类框架;随后基于上述分类框架,重点分析现有主要层次可视化技术的基本原理和特征;最后比较总结各类技术,并对层次可视化可能的研究方向及面临的挑战做出展望.     

Assessing Ideational and Evaluative Skills and Creative Styles and Attitudes

This article describes the rationale for the multiphase creative problem solving process, and reports the findings from an empirical investigation conducted to facilitate the problem solving of managers. The ideational skills of the managers were assessed before and after training in a complete process of creative problem solving, along with their ideational attitudes, creative problem solving style (i.e., generator, conceptualizer, optimizer, or implementor), and evaluative skill (i.e., ability to recognize original ideas). The most important findings indicated that the training had a significant impact on the evaluative accuracy of the managers. They were significantly more accurate in their judgments about original ideas after training, both in their identification of original ideas and their recognition of unoriginal ideas. After training, the managers also gave more solutions and more original solutions to problems. Finally, several variables (e.g., the “preference for active divergence” attitude, and the conceptualizer process style) seemed to moderate the impact of training. Training was therefore effective, with specific effects that can be predicted from pre-training individual differences in attitudes and process style.     

Semantics and verification of monitors and systems of monitors and processes

In this paper we present a sound and complete semantics for the monitor concept of C.A.R. Hoare. First a method for specification of monitors, introduced by O.-J. Dahl, is reviewed. This method is based on the relation between the historic sequence of monitor procedure calls and the historic sequence of monitor procedure exits. Based on such specifications and our new monitor semantics we present a method by which it is possible to prove that a concrete monitor is an implementation of an abstract one. In the last part of the paper an axiomatic semantics for systems of concurrent processes and monitors is introduced. The method supports verification by separation of concerns: Properties of the communication to and from each process are proven in isolation by a usual Hoare style axiomatic semantics, while abstract monitors are also specified in isolation by the method reviewed in the first part of the paper. These properties of the components of the system are then used in a new proof rule to conclude properties of the complete system. Stein Gjessing received a Ph.D. (actually a Dr. philos.) from the University of Oslo (Norway) in 1985. Presently he is an Associate Professor at the Institute of informatics, University of Oslo, Norway. Dr. Gjessings research interests are in the area of concurrent and distributed programming, operating systems, formal specification and verification and programming languages.     

Integrating and automating analysis and optimization

The development of an interface coupling program on personal computers for an analysis software system such as ANSYS, SAP, etc. and an optimization software system, MOST, is presented. By controlling and directing the communications the interface coupler integrates the two programs while retaining their versatility and interactive features. The integrated system is used to solve a numerical example of active noise control for a three-dimensional enclosure, in which an energy density level of control points is minimized by adding the sound source to cancel the unwanted noise. The interface coupling program automates with relatively low cost the iterative process for designing an engineering system, remaining flexible in acoustical modelling and efficient in equation solving. Also, the coupling interface is developed in a general-purpose way so that it can be expanded easily to integrate more analysis software packages of different kinds.     

Rank and select revisited and extended

The deep connection between the Burrows–Wheeler transform (BWT) and the so-called rank and select data structures for symbol sequences is the basis of most successful approaches to compressed text indexing. Rank of a symbol at a given position equals the number of times the symbol appears in the corresponding prefix of the sequence. Select is the inverse, retrieving the positions of the symbol occurrences. It has been shown that improvements to rank/select algorithms, in combination with the BWT, turn into improved compressed text indexes.