ECT系统中三维图象重建的研究

论文讨论了在ECT系统中利用二维断层图象进行三维表面重建的方法。首先对二维断层图象序列进行抽取轮廓、细线化、轮廓线追踪处理;然后对两相邻断层图象进行轮廓匹配;在两层已知(重建)图象轮廓中间插入若干个插值图象时采用同经度方向位置校准轮廓加权平均方法获得插值轮廓;最后在相邻的已知轮廓或插值轮廓采用最短对角线法进行三角片表面重建。仿真结果表明,利用上述方法可以较好地重建物体的三维表面。     

脑切片图像三维重建中的层间配准算法

在脑切片图像三维重建过程中,为了解决二维医学图像的层间配准问题,提出一种新的模板配准的算法.该算法根据序列图像的共同模板信息,在各图像中搜索匹配图,再将切片图像移动到理想对齐位置,经动态校正后,以目标质心为矩形左上角,截取图像用以重建。实验结果对比分析表明,本算法能精确处理数字人采集的原始数据,并能为后续的二次数据库开发、图像分割、重建和数字解剖等提供应用支持,优于同类算法。     

一种新的指纹匹配方法

针对基于点模式匹配的指纹匹配算法速度较慢的现状，设计了一种新的指纹匹配方法，即利用纹线匹配技术来寻找基准点对的指纹匹配算法．该算法首先基于指纹纹线的相似程度寻找一对基准特征点；然后根据基准点对的坐标，计算两幅指纹图象(模板图象、待识图象)的相对平移和旋转参数，并将待识图象相对于模板图象进行图象姿势纠正；最后使用坐标匹配的方法统计两幅图象能够匹配的特征点数目．以实现两枚指纹的匹配．实验证明．该算法匹配速度很快，误识率低，准确性高，并具有图象旋转平移不变性．对面积适中的指纹图象，匹配结果可以满足在线应用的需要．该算法有望发展成为一种实用、有效的指纹匹配技术．     

基于形状特征点匹配的CT断层图象表面重建

当切片间距离较大时，如何快速，准确地重构出复杂器官的表面并显示它，在医学临床应用中已变得越来越重要。本文首先提出了一种保持轮廓形状特征的自适应特征点采样算法，该算法大大减少了后续处理的存储量和计算量，其次，在于对图象特性的分析，提出了一种特殊点匹配算法，该算法考虑到了特征点在原图象上的灰度，梯度幅值，梯度方向和位置对匹配的影响，提高了重建表面的准确度。实验结果证明了上述算法的有效性。     

B样条曲面重构中的轮廓匹配和分支问题

通过建立轮廓树,确定轮廓的内外属性以及轮廓之间的相互嵌套关系,并缩小轮廓匹配的搜索范围;在轮廓树的基础上,利用阈值半径寻找轮廓,确定相邻切片上轮廓的对应关系; 通过对轮廓树节点的数量及位置判断确定分支部位,利用加权补分法,进行母轮廓分割,并结合层间插值,解决分支问题,进行曲面重构.     

基于神经网络与遗传算法的图像轮廓序列匹配技术

切片轮廓图像匹配是实现基于层析图像的逆向工程产品反求的关键技术之一。该文针对经典算法应用于复杂产品样件切片轮廓图像引起的“难匹配”或“误匹配”问题,在建立物体轮廓森林的基础上,应用智能模式识别技术,将切片轮廓视为不同模式,设计一个三层的BP网络,对切片轮廓进行模式划分,并处理多分枝问题,实现轮廓匹配;应用遗传算法优化网络参数,提高算法效率。结合典型算例进行验证,取得了较好效果,该算法具有适应性强、准确性高的优点。     

一种基于网格结构图象的目标匹配定位方法

为了在不降低图象目标配准精度的前提下，加快苑配速度，提出了一种基于网格结构图象的从粗到细的目标匹配混合算法。该算法首先基本网格结构图象来抽取图象和模板的主要结构信息，以构成图象和模板的粗尺度上的一种表示，进而在这种粗尺度表示的图象上进行相似度粗匹配；然后基于引导的搜索策略，将粗匹配的目标位置对应到原图象的一些小区域，再采用部分Hausdorff距离匹配方法在这些小区域进行二次匹配和精确定位，经上述两个步骤的混合使用，不仅极大减少了计算开销，且没有降低匹配的准确度，将该混合算法与无粗匹配的部分Hausdorff距离全图匹配算法相比较，速度提高非常显著，该算法在集成电路显微图象上进行测试，取得了很好的效果。     

自适应区域生长算法在医学图像分割中的应用

提出一种通过计算种子点附近邻域统计信息,自适应改变生长标准参数用于医学图像分割的算法．在切片图像预处理过程中,考虑到体数据相邻切片之间高度的相关性,在相邻层之间采取高斯核滤波去除噪声,并通过各向异性滤波算法对该层切片进行滤波．实验结果表明,该算法可有效地提取出图像区域,具有较好的鲁棒性．     

表面彩色AMF模型快速切片算法

针对现有表面彩色AMF模型切片算法效率问题,为了获取彩色切片位图及二维轮廓信息,提出一种快速的切片算法.首先将模型表面三角形转化为三棱柱,构成表面颜色区域,以提高彩色打印质量;然后利用AMF三角形拓扑关系进行轮廓切片;最后针对AMF三角形颜色的3种表示方法推导出颜色信息坐标公式,使用增量法计算X向扫描线上相邻像素点的颜色信息坐标.实验结果表明,与AMF官方给出的算法相比,该算法显著提高了算法效率.     

表面彩色AMF模型快速切片算法EI北大核心CSCD

针对现有表面彩色AMF模型切片算法效率问题,为了获取彩色切片位图及二维轮廓信息,提出一种快速的切片算法.首先将模型表面三角形转化为三棱柱,构成表面颜色区域,以提高彩色打印质量;然后利用AMF三角形拓扑关系进行轮廓切片;最后针对AMF三角形颜色的3种表示方法推导出颜色信息坐标公式,使用增量法计算X向扫描线上相邻像素点的颜色信息坐标.实验结果表明,与AMF官方给出的算法相比,该算法显著提高了算法效率.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.