TiB2对铜-石墨基复合材料性能的影响

TiB2与铜-石墨基复合材料的界面结合及TiB2在基体中的分布是影响复合材料性能的重要因素.为提高材料的强度和电导率,用镀铜TiB2制备复合材料.通过金相显微镜和扫描电镜观察材料的显微组织,并测试其电导率.结果表明,在粒度细小的镀铜TiB2表面均匀包覆金属铜,在压制压力和烧结温度合适的条件下,复合材料的组织均匀,致密性好,TiB2在铜-石墨基体中弥散分布,铜基体形成连续三维网络结构,这种组织形态使复合材料的电导率和强度明显提高.     

铜基受电弓滑板材料抗拉强度和冲击韧性研究

为了制备具有优良力学性能的C／Cu复合材料，采用传统的粉末冶金（PM）方法，首次将受电弓滑板中C的质量分数提高到8％（石墨粒径为295μm和495μm)，分析了压制压力、保温时间和烧结温度对其抗拉强度和冲击韧性的影响，研究了石墨粒径和镀铜石墨对受电弓滑板材料性能的影响。研究结果表明：增大压制压力，可提高铜基受电弓滑板材料最终烧结件的抗拉强度；延长烧结保温时间，则降低烧结件的抗拉强度；烧结温度过高或过低对烧结件抗拉强度和冲击韧性不利；石墨粒径对铜基受电弓滑板材料性能的影响很大；石墨表面镀铜，可改善铜基受电弓滑板材料的烧结过程，提高其抗拉强度和冲击韧性，但是不改变材料的断裂机制。     

粉末冶金制备工艺对TiC增强高铬铸铁基复合材料性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

采用高能球磨和真空烧结的方法制备TiC增强高铬铸铁(HCCI)基复合材料。利用SEM,DSC等方法对不同球磨时间的粉末进行分析,研究不同烧结温度对高铬铸铁基复合材料的显微组织、硬度及密度的影响,比较相同工艺下复合材料与高铬铸铁材料的耐磨性。结果表明:球磨12 h后的粉末颗粒大小趋于稳定,粉末活性提高,烧结性能改善,烧结试样中TiC均匀地分布在基体中。随着烧结温度的升高,复合材料内部晶粒逐渐长大,密度和硬度逐渐提高。在1280℃超固相线液相烧结的条件下烧结2 h后,致密度达94.17%,硬度和抗弯强度分别为49.2HRC和980 MPa。在销盘磨损实验中复合材料的耐磨性为单一高铬铸铁材料的1.52倍,磨损机制为磨粒磨损+轻微氧化磨损。     

钼铜复合粉末的致密化及性能

对微波辅助法制备的钼铜复合粉末进行压制烧结,研究其致密化行为及复合材料性能。结果表明:烧结温度是控制钼铜复合材料成分、微观组织及综合性能的关键因素。1100℃下烧结的钼铜复合材料Cu含量最接近设计含量,过高的烧结温度将引起铜的损耗。在较低的烧结温度下(≤1100℃),复合材料的力学性能和物理性能随温度的升高而升高,但是过高的烧结温度(1200℃)会引起铜相的大量损失及颗粒异常长大,从而导致复合材料密度、硬度、导电率及导热率的降低。通过优化实验参数,1100℃下的复合材料具有理想的微观结构,铜相损失较少,复合材料成分接近设计成分,钼铜两相分散较为均匀,力学性能及物理性能优异,复合材料的密度、硬度、抗弯强度、电导率及热导率分别为9.79g/cm^3,229.1HV,837.76MPa,24.97×10~6S·m^-1和176.57W·m^-1·K^-1。     

压制压力对粉末冶金钢组织和性能的影响

压制压力是制造粉末冶金材料的关键工艺因素之一,本文根据45#钢的铁碳配比,选取了5个压制压力（130,260,360,470,600MPa）,在其他工艺条件如烧结温度、烧结压力、烧结气氛、保温时间、冷却方式相同的情况下,来考察这5个工艺水平对于粉末冶金钢组织和性能的影响。试验结果表明,随着压制压力的增大,烧结体的晶粒尺寸变小并趋于均匀,材料的冲击断裂方式也由韧性断裂转变为混合断裂方式,同时烧结体的密度、硬度也随着压力的增大而出现先增大后趋于平缓的趋势。     

SPS法制备WC弥散强化铜的工艺研究

采用平均颗粒度为76um的电解铜粉，添加体积百分含量分别为3％，5％，10％，20％的WC，混粉后利用压力机采用500MPa的压力进行压制，然后利用放电等离子烧结设备（简称SPS）在750℃下进行烧结，并研究了烧结体的密度、硬度和显微组织。结果表明：烧结温度选择在750℃时，WC含量为3％时，所得弥散强化铜的烧结整体性能最好。WC对铜基体的弥散强化作用明显，随着WC含量的增加，试样的相对密度逐渐减小，硬度逐渐增加。     

烧结压力对石墨烯增强铜基复合材料组织性能的影响

烧结压力是粉末冶金制备材料过程中重要工艺参数之一,通过在石墨烯/铜中添加钛粉以改善二者润湿性,使用超声分散和球磨法进行混粉,用放电等离子烧结(SPS)的方式制备石墨烯铜基复合材料,在5,15,25,30MPa 4种不同压力下进行烧结。用金相显微镜和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对石墨烯增强铜基复合材料显微结构进行观察,测量试样密度,并采用硬度计、导电率测试仪对力学性能和导电性能进行测试。结果表明,随着烧结压力的升高,复合材料晶粒尺寸不断减小,导电率先上升后下降。当烧结压力达到25 MPa时,导电率最大为51.2%IACS;复合材料的密度和硬度值不断增大。     

烧结温度对WZV材料力学性能和显微结构的影响

为了开发一种新型刀具材料,以WC、ZrO2和VC为原料,利用热压烧结工艺,分别在1500、1550、1600℃和1650℃烧结温度下制备了4种相同成分的WC/ZrO2/VC(WZV)复合材料.分析了烧结温度与刀具材料相对密度、硬度、抗弯强度和断裂韧性之间的关系,研究了烧结温度对刀具材料力学性能和显微结构的影响,确定了该材料合理的烧结温度为1550℃.试验结果表明,ZrO2质量分数为10%的WZV复合粉末经过48 h的高能球磨,在1550℃、30 MPa的热压烧结条件下,可获得相对密度为99.2%,维氏硬度为17.6 GPa,抗弯强度为786 MPa,断裂韧性为11.51 MPa.m1/2的优异性能.此外,通过对材料显微结构和断裂方式的分析,发现烧结温度对材料的断裂方式具有重要影响.     

原位化学法制备纳米ZrO2/Cu复合材料的研究

为了提高铜基复合材料的强度和电导率,采用具有良好机械性能和热物理性能的ZrO2(3%(摩尔分数)Y2O3)作为增强相,原位化学法制备了ZrO2纳米颗粒增强铜基复合材料,其主要制备工艺包括前驱复合粉体CuO、ZrO2的制备,经氢气还原得到ZrO2/Cu复合粉,再经过压制,真空烧结,复压等工序制得最后的样品.研究了制备工艺包括初压压力,烧结温度、时间对材料性能的影响;结果表明,在初压压力为550MPa,975℃烧结1.5h时,可得到最佳性能复合材料.透射电镜观察表明,在ZrO2/Cu纳米复合粉中,氧化锆纳米颗粒形状为圆形和四方形,平均尺寸约为20nm左右.纳米ZrO2在基体中分布均匀,细化了晶粒,提高材料硬度,使复合材料具有良好的综合性能.随着ZrO2含量的提高,密度、电导率降低,硬度升高.     

新型铜基受电弓滑板材料的制备与性能

以弥散强化铜为基体, 镀铜石墨为润滑组元, 采用真空加压烧结方法成功制备了新型石墨/铜受电弓滑板材料。研究了烧结温度对材料致密度的影响; 对比分析了不同类型铜基体对石墨/铜复合材料性能的影响; 考察了石墨质量分数为6%、8%、10%和12%时, 石墨/弥散强化铜复合材料(Graphite/ODS-Cu)的导电性、冲击韧性及摩擦系数。结果表明: 烧结温度对材料致密度影响较大, 石墨/弥散强化铜复合材料在加压烧结温度达到950 ℃后全致密; 采用弥散强化铜为基体, 提高了滑板的力学性能, 当石墨含量为10%时, 其导电性能下降不明显, 但是冲击韧性远远高于采用普通铜粉为基体的样品; 石墨含量对滑板的性能影响较大, 样品的导电性和冲击韧性随着石墨含量的增加而急剧下降, 在石墨含量增加到10%时, 其电阻率和冲击韧性分别为0.65 μΩ·m和6.8 J·cm^-2; 摩擦系数随着石墨含量的增加而降低, 在石墨含量为10%时, 其摩擦系数为0.231。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.