新型铜基受电弓滑板材料的制备与性能

以弥散强化铜为基体, 镀铜石墨为润滑组元, 采用真空加压烧结方法成功制备了新型石墨/铜受电弓滑板材料。研究了烧结温度对材料致密度的影响; 对比分析了不同类型铜基体对石墨/铜复合材料性能的影响; 考察了石墨质量分数为6%、8%、10%和12%时, 石墨/弥散强化铜复合材料(Graphite/ODS-Cu)的导电性、冲击韧性及摩擦系数。结果表明: 烧结温度对材料致密度影响较大, 石墨/弥散强化铜复合材料在加压烧结温度达到950 ℃后全致密; 采用弥散强化铜为基体, 提高了滑板的力学性能, 当石墨含量为10%时, 其导电性能下降不明显, 但是冲击韧性远远高于采用普通铜粉为基体的样品; 石墨含量对滑板的性能影响较大, 样品的导电性和冲击韧性随着石墨含量的增加而急剧下降, 在石墨含量增加到10%时, 其电阻率和冲击韧性分别为0.65 μΩ·m和6.8 J·cm^-2; 摩擦系数随着石墨含量的增加而降低, 在石墨含量为10%时, 其摩擦系数为0.231。     

新型高性能电力机车受电弓滑板的研究

通过分析当前电力机车受电弓滑板存在的各种问题,用粉末冶金法研制出一种新型的受电弓滑板.该滑板由铜、碳纤维和石墨等构成.分析了成形压力、烧结温度对滑板性能的影响,对其导电性、摩擦、磨损性能及冲击韧性进行了检测,并与当前正在使用的受电弓滑板进行了对比.结果表明:该新型滑板的最佳制备工艺条件为(含量)铜78%,碳纤维2%,石墨15%,添加剂5%,成形压力为200MPa,烧结温度为880℃.该滑板不仅电阻率低,而且其摩擦、磨损及冲击韧性等性能也优越于当前正在使用的受电弓滑板.与国外浸金属碳滑板Rh82Mb相比,其摩擦系数降低20%,磨损量减少1.3%,冲击韧性提高1.7倍,导电性增强65倍.     

TiB2对铜-石墨基复合材料性能的影响

TiB2与铜-石墨基复合材料的界面结合及TiB2在基体中的分布是影响复合材料性能的重要因素.为提高材料的强度和电导率,用镀铜TiB2制备复合材料.通过金相显微镜和扫描电镜观察材料的显微组织,并测试其电导率.结果表明,在粒度细小的镀铜TiB2表面均匀包覆金属铜,在压制压力和烧结温度合适的条件下,复合材料的组织均匀,致密性好,TiB2在铜-石墨基体中弥散分布,铜基体形成连续三维网络结构,这种组织形态使复合材料的电导率和强度明显提高.     

压力烧结铜-石墨复合材料的相对密度及性能研究

为提高铜-石墨复合材料的相对密度,改善其组织和性能,采用氩气保护下的压力烧结技术制备了铜-石墨复合材料,研究了烧结压力、压制压力、烧结温度和烧结时间对铜-石墨复合材料相对密度及性能的影响,探讨了相对密度与性能的关系。结果表明,适当提高压力烧结各参数可减少孔隙数量,改善组织均匀性,提高材料相对密度,进而提高材料硬度和导电率;材料性能主要取决于相对密度,相对密度越高,性能越好,但材料性能还受孔隙尺寸和形状的影响;在烧结压力为150 MPa、压制压力为400 MPa,烧结温度为870了℃,烧结时间为2.5 h条件下获得了相对密度为0.945,硬度为66.3 HB,电导率为6.2 MS/m的铜-石墨复合材料。     

碳滑板材料石墨化度XRD和Raman光谱研究

采用显微激光拉曼光谱及X射线电子衍射测量，摘要选用进口和国产滑板材料作为对比材料，并进行高温烧结处理。分析了试样的形貌和结构，并表征了不同碳滑板材料在高温烧结前后的结构参数。结果表明，两种表征方法的结果存在一致性；进口碳滑板材料的石墨化度高于国产滑板，且两种滑板材料都有不同的石墨相组成，不同相的石墨化度也不同；经过高温烧结处理，滑板材料的石墨化度提高。     

B4C超细粉末的制备及烧结

采用气流粉碎对B4C粗粉（比表面积0.52m^2/g，中位粒径20.4μm)进行了一系列粉碎实验，研究了气流粉碎次数，成形压力和烧结温度对烧结密度的影响。结果表明，当粉碎次数达到3次后，可获得＜1μm的B4C超细粉末。经过4次气流粉碎的B4C超细粉末的比表面积为2.53m^2/g，中位粒径为0.56μm；该粉末分别于2200和2250℃无压烧结1h，其烧结密度分别达到理论密度的78．6％ 82．5％，平均晶粒尺寸分别为28和50μm，抗压强度分别为390和555MPa。     

多孔青铜过滤片的制备工艺及结构特性探究

开发一种工艺简单、重复性好、孔形孔径易控制、制取成本低的铜基多孔材料制备工艺是当前的研究热点之一.本文以青铜粉为原料,K_2CO_3为造孔剂,采用烧结溶解法制备多孔青铜过滤片,研究了造孔剂、烧结温度对样品孔隙率的影响,分析了烧结温度、压制压力对样品最大孔径和透气系数的影响,以及孔隙率与抗压强度的关系.研究结果表明:当造孔剂体积分数为20%~40%时,所制备样品的孔隙率为22.8%~44.4%,开孔孔隙率为18.5%~37.2%;随着烧结温度的升高,样品孔隙率和透气系数下降;随着压制压力增加,最大孔径和透气系数均减小;随着样品孔隙率增大,抗压强度减小.当选择造孔剂体积分数30%、压制压力150 MPa、烧结温度800℃的工艺参数下,制备出孔隙率32.2%、最大孔径4.6μm、透气系数9.27 m~3/(h·k Pa·m~2)、压缩强度27.9 MPa的多孔青铜过滤片.     

炭化温度对层状结构受电弓滑板性能的影响

研究了不同的炭化温度对层状结构受电弓滑板性能的影响。将受电弓滑板在400、600、800℃的氮气气氛中进行热处理,通过测试受电弓滑板的密度、耐温性、导电性、抗冲击性和耐磨性能,讨论了炭化温度对其性能的影响;利用SEM观察磨损表面,分析磨损机理。结果表明层状结构受电弓滑板的密度随炭化温度的升高而减小;当炭化温度高于600℃时,受电弓滑板表现出良好的耐温性。炭化提高了材料的导电性,但冲击强度和耐磨性随炭化温度的升高而降低;炭化温度较低时,受电弓滑板的磨损机制为粘着磨损为主,当炭化温度较高时,磨粒磨损和粘着磨损成为主要的磨损形式;确定最佳炭化温度为600℃,该温度下炭化处理后具有较好的综合性能,符合TB/T 1842.2-2002标准的相关规定。     

β—SiC粉末的合成及其热压烧结性能研究

本文研究了β-SiC亚微细粉末的合成及其热压烧结性能。以SiO_2和C粉为主要原料制得了粒径<0.5μm的SiC粉末,并在一定的热压温度和压力下通过研究烧结体密度、强度随保温保压时间的变化关系,得出了该粉末的热压烧结工艺,制得了相对密度99％以上、弯曲强度600MN/m~2左右的烧结体。     

粉末冶金法制备多孔金属钛免疫隔离材料

采用粉末冶金工艺制备出微米孔径且孔隙率较高的多孔钛免疫隔离材料，分析了压制压力、烧结温度等因素对多孔金属钛孔径及孔隙率的影响。试验结果表明，随着压制压力的提高，钛粉末烧结后平均孔径尺寸和孔隙率逐渐减小，孔隙分布和孔径尺寸较均一。烧结温度对多孔金属钛影响显著，随烧结温度的升高，平均孔径尺寸逐渐增大，孔隙率先略有上升后逐渐降低。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.     

Mechanism Study on the Wear of CrAlTiN Coated High-Speed Steel Twist Drills Under Dry Cutting Conditions

As demands about environment protection are growing up, dry cutting technology is getting more and more concerns from all over the world. Main works performed here are study on dry cutting performances and wear mechanisms of M2high-speed steel (HSS) twist drills with CrAlTiN multicomponent coatings, which was deposited using magnetron sputter ion plating system, in drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, and their comparisons to those in drilling the same steel but using monolayer CrN and commercial TiN coated drills. Drilling performances of drills are evaluated mainly through the measurements of width on outer corner flank land and the cutting forces. Results show that performances of CrAlTiN coated drills are better than those of monolayer CrN and TiN coated drills. In drilling 45 and 30CrMnSiA steel, the average tool life of the CrAlTiN coated drills are 17.2 and 11.8 times higher than those of the uncoated drills. Observing wear of the drill with scanning electronic microscope, results show that there is no crack or spallation of the CrAlTiN coatings in wear zones. Main mechanism of the wear here is adhesion.     

Study on Bond Ability of Arc-Spraying Coatings with Different Surface Pretreatment on Cast-Iron

Arc spraying coatings are widely used in various applications, but uncommon in cast iron substrate. Different surface pretreatment technology is tested on substrates of gray cast iron. Surface roughness and residual stress were measured by TR200 and X-ray diffraction analyzer. Influence of different surface pretreatment methods ( dry blasting and fusebond) on roughness and residual stress was analyzed. The arc-sprayed coatings of wire 3Cr13 (φ2mm) on gray cast iron substrate is studied. The microstructure and interface of bonding layer were observed by SEM. The bond strength was taken by tensile test. Results show that bond strength with grit blasting is higher than fuse-bond; it is feasible to make wire 3Cr13 coating with arc spraying on cast iron substrate roughened by grit blasting.     

Structural Characteristics of TiO2 Ceramic Coating by Micro-Plasma Oxidation

TiO2 ceramic coatings with thickness of 20 μm were formed on the surface of pure titanium by micro-plasma oxidation. Their micro-structures were investigated by by using X-ray diffraction and their surface images were detected by using scan electronic microscope. There were three kinds of TiO2 coatings, pure anatase type TiO2 phase, mixed phases consisted of rutile type TiO2 phase and anatase type TiO2 phase, pure rutile type TiO2 phase. The coating surface with the pure anatase type TiO2 phase is rough, while the coating surface with the pure rutile type TiO2phase is smooth. The upper coating surface with the mixed type TiO2 phases is anatase type TiO2 structure and the subsurface of the TiO2 coating is rutile type TiO2structure.     

Evaluation of fatigue life of steel using steel grain size

The insightful discussion of the relationship between the construction of metallographic and fatigue life and proposition of mathematical relationships describing this relationship was conducted in the paper. This paper presents a method for estimating the fatigue life, based on the construction of the microstructural material taking into account the grain size and the participation of ferrite and pearlite phase.