钢渣混凝土压敏性研究及机理分析

为了确定钢渣混凝土是否具有感知应力的功能,研究了钢渣混凝土在不同荷载条件下的电阻变化规律,即压敏性.通过模拟试验测试了不同加载速率、循环加载、突然加载和卸载等加载条件下钢渣混凝土的压敏性.结果表明,随着钢渣掺量的增加,钢渣混凝土的压敏效应更加明显;压力较小时,电阻率随压力增大而迅速降低;压力增大到一定程度后,电阻率下降十分缓慢;压力达到极限荷载时,电阻率迅速升高;在循环加载情况下,第一次加载循环时钢渣混凝土电阻变化率高于第二次加载循环时的变化率.钢渣混凝土成本很低,制备方法简单,与碳纤维增强水泥一样具有良好的压敏性,因此具有较好的应用前景.     

掺工业废弃料水泥砂浆压敏性能研究

选择具有良好导电性的钢屑和铁砂作为导电介质,制备得到水泥基复合材料,并在测定其抗压、抗折强度的基础上采用四电极法研究其压敏性能,分析研究了导电介质的掺量、加载速率以及循环荷载对其压敏性的影响。试验结果表明,钢屑和铁砂水泥基复合材料具备良好的力学性能与压敏性能;随着外荷载变化,钢屑砂浆的电阻率变化率呈二次曲线变化规律,铁砂砂浆的电阻率变化率呈近似直线变化规律。     

镀铜钢纤维增强废弃陶瓷粉超高性能混凝土的压敏性研究

镀铜钢纤维具有良好的电学性能、力学性能和电导率，而废弃陶瓷粉具有内养护作用和低碳属性。在镀铜钢纤维分散良好的情况下，两者的协同作用易在混凝土基体中形成良好且化学稳定的增强、增韧和导电网络。采用均匀筛入法分散镀铜钢纤维，制备了镀铜钢纤维增强废弃陶瓷粉超高性能混凝土并研究了其压敏性能。研究结果表明，在不同镀铜钢纤维掺量、不同加载幅值和不同加载速率下，镀铜钢纤维均可提高废弃陶瓷粉超高性能混凝土的压敏性能，2.50%(体积分数)的镀铜钢纤维增强废弃陶瓷粉超高性能混凝土的电阻率变化率和应力/应变灵敏度相比于对照组分别提升了650.0%、614.3%和1 223.0%。相比纤维掺量和加载速率，加载幅值对压敏性能的影响最大。且由力-电模型表明，废弃陶瓷粉超高性能混凝土在循环荷载的电阻率变化率和应力/应变之间均服从指数函数关系，拟合度均在0.90以上。因此，通过测试镀铜钢纤维增强废弃陶瓷粉超高性能混凝土的电阻率即可实现混凝土结构的应力/应变监测。     

水泥基纳米复合材料压敏特性研究

研究了添加纳米TiO2粒子砂浆在单调荷载及循环荷载下的压敏特性,及添加碳黑的水泥净浆的单调加载下的压敏特性.实验结果表明在单调单向压力荷载时,添加纳米TiO2砂浆具有良好的压敏性能,其体积电阻率与压应力具有稳定而线性的对应关系;循环加载时,其体积电阻率的变化规律又能反映出材料的疲劳损伤情况.添加纳米碳黑砂浆在单调荷载下也具有较好的压敏特性,但稳定性稍差.在实验的基础上,本文探讨了水泥基纳米复合材料的压敏特性机理,分析了两种不同纳米复合材料压敏性能差异性产生的原因.     

不同预浸骨料-PVA纤维对再生混凝土力学性能的影响

为研究纳米SiO₂溶液和水泥净浆改性再生粗骨料后,掺入聚乙烯醇（Polyvinyl alcohol, PVA）纤维再生混凝土的基本力学性能和动态力学性能,分别对不同浓度的纳米SiO₂溶液和不同水灰比的水泥净浆进行再生骨料浸泡预试验,选定浓度为2wt%的纳米SiO₂溶液和水灰比为0.5的水泥净浆,对改性后再生混凝土的力学性能进行对比试验。选取再生粗骨料取代率、PVA纤维掺量和应变率为变量,静力学性能采用万能压力机进行,动态力学性能采用霍普金森压杆（Split Hopkinson pressure bar, SHPB）进行。测试试件28天立方体抗压强度、轴心抗压强度和抗折强度,得到了不同应变率条件下试件的应力-应变曲线,分析了试件静力性能、动态抗压强度、动态增长因子（Dynamic increase factor, DIF）、动态峰值应变和比吸能随变量的变化规律。结果表明：随取代率增加,试件基本力学性能降低,增加PVA纤维掺量,试件抗压强度降低而抗折强度提高;随取代率和PVA纤维掺量增加,试件动态峰值应力呈下降趋势,而动态峰...     

乙炔炭黑水泥基复合材料的压敏性

为探讨乙炔炭黑水泥基复合材料的压敏性 , 验证了利用基于埋入式环状电极的四电极法测试复合材料电阻的可行性; 研究了一次加载至破坏时乙炔炭黑水泥基复合材料的电阻率变化规律 , 并通过在弹性阶段的加载考察了乙炔炭黑水泥基复合材料压敏性的重现性 ; 分析了测试电流和试件偏压对压敏性的影响。研究结果表明 ,基于埋入式环状电极的四电极法测试压敏水泥基材料的电阻误差小于 10 % , 用于复合材料电阻的测试是可行的。掺量 15 vol %的乙炔炭黑水泥基复合材料一次加载至破坏 , 电阻率变化率最大可达 55 % , 弹性阶段电阻率变化率可达 35 %以上 , 且其压敏性基本不受测试电流和试件偏压的影响。乙炔炭黑是制备具有高感知灵敏度的压敏水泥基材料的一种有效功能组分。     

掺CCCW的碳纤维石墨水泥基复合材料的导电及压阻特性

利用四电极法研究了内掺水泥基渗透结晶防水材料(CCCW)的碳纤维石墨水泥基复合材料试样(40 mm×40 mm×40 mm)的导电特性及其在循环荷载作用下的压阻特性,分析讨论了碳纤维石墨水泥砂浆的体积电阻率及压阻特性随石墨掺量的变化规律。碳纤维和CCCW的掺量分别为水泥质量的1%和4%;石墨掺量分别为水泥质量的0%、10%、20%、30%、40%和50%。结果表明,添加CCCW的碳纤维石墨砂浆试样的体积电阻率随石墨掺量的增加迅速下降,并存在渗滤现象,渗滤阈值为20%左右。在循环荷载作用下,不同石墨掺量试样的电阻和应力存在一定的对应关系。石墨掺量为水泥质量的20%～30%时,碳纤维石墨水泥砂浆试样的体积电阻率与压应力呈现良好的可重复性,电阻值在应力加载时几乎呈线性下降,而卸载时增加。     

轴向压力作用下钢渣混凝土的压敏性研究

在不同加载速率、突然加载和卸载以及三向约束等加载条件下,钢渣混凝土具有良好的导电性和压敏性;随着钢渣掺量的增加,钢渣混凝土的压敏效应更加明显;施加压力较小时,电阻率随压力增大而迅速降低;压力增大到一定程度后,电阻率下降十分缓慢;压力达到极限荷载时,电阻率迅速升高;受到三向约束时,钢渣混凝土仍然具有压敏特性,相对于单轴受?其压力敏感性较低.     

圆钢管玄武岩纤维再生混凝土短柱轴压力学性能

为研究圆钢管玄武岩纤维再生混凝土(BFRRC)短柱的轴压力学性能,以再生粗骨料取代率和玄武岩纤维掺量为变化参数,设计并完成了15根圆钢管BFRRC短柱试件的轴压试验。观察了试件的受力全过程及破坏形态,获取了试件的荷载-位移曲线及荷载-应变曲线,分析了变化参数对圆钢管BFRRC短柱轴压性能的影响,建立了可行的组合截面应力-应变全过程曲线方程。研究表明:试件均发生鼓曲破坏,但核心混凝土在钢管约束下处于碎而不散状态;随着再生粗骨料取代率的增大,试件的耗能性能、延性系数逐渐增大,耗能因子、延性系数提升幅度最高可达1.84%和10.36%,承载力逐渐降低,降低幅度最大达5.03%;随着玄武岩纤维掺量的增大,试件的耗能性能、延性系数逐渐增大,增加幅度最高可达2.97%和4.93%,承载力提高幅度不大;不同的玄武岩纤维掺量下,试件实测的荷载-位移曲线饱满,且具有较长的变形流幅,延性较好。      

基于土体isotache模型的硬化水泥净浆微观徐变预测

水泥基材料是一种应变率敏感性材料,充分掌握水泥基材料的应变率效应对其力学性能和变形的影响可保障混凝土结构的安全设计。采用连续刚度测试（CSM）研究不同应变率下硬化水泥净浆微观徐变特征,试样的水灰比为0.3、0.4和0.5,CSM的最大压入深度为30 μm,应变率分别为0.01 s^-1、0.05 s^-1、0.1 s^-1和0.5 s^-1,并讨论土体的isotache模型表征硬化水泥净浆微观徐变行为的适用性。结果表明,在0.01~0.5 s^-1应变率范围内,微观尺度上的硬化水泥净浆存在唯一的h_vp-P-ε关系,与土体isotache模型的ε_vp-σ-ε关系类似,该关系可由归一化后的h_vp-P/（P_N/P_N0.05）曲线和P_N/P_N0.05-ε曲线来表征。采用h_vp-P/（P_N/P_N0.05）曲线和P_N/P_N0.05-ε曲线可预测不同应变率下硬化水泥净浆加载阶段的h_vp-P曲线,预测结果与实测结果基本吻合,表明可以采用土体的isotache模型来预测硬化水泥净浆微观尺度上的徐变行为。     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Effect of Permeable Crystalline Material on Steel Reinforcement Corrosion of Concrete

Permeable crystalline materialcan permeate into pores and cracks of concrete and catalyze the reaction between Ca(OH) 2and unhydrated cement to generate a great quantity needle non-soluble crystals, which can stop up the pores and cracks of concrete, and increase the impermeability of concrete. This paper reported the results of a study conducted to evaluate steel reinforcement corrosion of concrete specimens uncoated and coated with permeable crystalline material as well as mixed with the permeable crystalline material. The properties evaluated for corrosion test were water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength and potential. The results of water impermeability, water absorption, compressive strength clearly showed that the permeable crystalline material could prohibit water, any soluble salts and moisture from penetrating the concrete to cause corrosion, leaking, and other problems, and it did increase the compressive strength, which was favorable for protection of corrosion of reinforcing steel. Moreover, it was concluded from the potential-time curve that the steel reinforcement of uncoated specimen was in the state of activation whereas that of other specimens coated and mixed with the permeable crystalline material was in the state of inactivation. Above all, it was indicated that the permeable crystalline materialis very effective to protect the steel reinforcement of concrete from corrosion.     

The Research and Application About "Dry Peeling Off" Technology for Airplane Surface Paint Layer

In this paper, the principle of spurting take off lacquer were introduced; and with orthogonal method the unsaturate polyester was prepared ;it was easy to peel airplane paint layer off with this material and equipment.     

Quality Study of Honeycomb Core Shaping Without Wax Stabilization

Sandwich panels utilizing honeycomb cores result in lightweight, high-strength units that are very rigid. Indeed, they give honeycomb panels the best strength-to-weight ratio of any construction type available. Conventionally, the wax is poured into the cell of the core to strengthen the structure and prevent the core from being crushed during milling. Much time and labor is required to wax, mill, and clean the cores. In this study, the process of pouring wax into the core was skipped. In other words, the cutter directly milled the core. Experiments showed that the compressive strength of the core produced without wax stabilization was only 3% lower than that of cores produced using the traditional method. In addition, the drum peel strengths of cores produced without wax stabilization were 38.4% higher than cores produced using the traditional method, in which residual wax seriously polluted the adhesive. It was also found that eliminating the wax process can reduce costs.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.     

Analysis of marine hydrobiont lipid extracts as possible cryoprotective agents

We studied a combined effect of the cryoprotectants both of lipid and carbohydrate origin at the presence of DMSO or without it on cell viability and the RNA synthesis in the embryonic mollusc and echinoderm cell cultures obtained at different developmental stages. Cryoprotective properties of exogenous lipids correlated with their thermotropic behavior. Lipid extracts from marine hydrobiontes, which thermal transitions are characterized by relatively small part of calorimetric thermogram area lying at temperatures above 0 °C (6–18%), were found to possess a considerable cryoprotective activity. The results are discussed in relation to the prediction of the cryoprotective activity of lipid extracts for marine animal cells. In addition, it was found that marine invertebrate cells can be cryopreserved without DMSO at the presence of trehalose and lipid extracts of some marine hydrobiontes.     

In-process thermal treatment of polylactic acid in fused deposition modelling

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used open source fused filament fabrication materials due to its ease of extrusion, biodegradability, and mechanical strength. The mechanical strength of PLA largely depends on the proper growth of its semi-crystalline structure, which can be severely impaired by a low rate of crystallization, particularly in open source printers. This can be further aggravated by the non-uniform thermal distribution of heat that causes improper curing among the extruded beads of the printing material. As a result, PLA printed on open source printers does not achieve the best mechanical properties. This research, for the first time, proposes an additive-free solution implemented through a detailed set of experimentation to improve the curing rate through in-process temperature variations to cure the joints among the beads. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used to confirm the improvements in the bead joints. This work is conducted in two phases of experiments. In the first phase, a full factorial ANOVA is used to investigate various process parameters and the important variables are used in the second phase to print test specimens in four different sets.     

Low-Temperature Properties of Silver

Pure silver is used extensively in the preparation of high-temperature superconductor wires, tapes, films, and other configurations in which the silver not only shields the superconducting material from the surrounding materials, but also provides a degree of flexibility and strain relief, as well as stabilization and low-resistance electrical contact. Silver is relatively expensive, but at this stage of superconductor development, its unique combination of properties seems to offer the only reasonable means of achieving usable lengths of conductor. In this role, the low-temperature physical (electrical, thermal, magnetic, optical) and mechanical properties of the silver all become important. Here we present a collection of properties data extracted from the cryogenic literature and, to the extent possible, selected for reliability.     

Early ironwork in Biscay: Survey,excavation, experimentation and materials characterization. An integral study of the mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte or “haizeolak”)

ABSTRACT

The production of iron in Biscay (Basque Country, Spain) has been a hallmark of this territory of the North of the Iberian Peninsula throughout its history. The Archaeology team of the Basque Country Mining Museum has spent 13 years, so far, studying the origins of this activity through the evidences left at the old pre-hydraulic iron production workshops known as mountainside ironworks (ferrerías de monte) or haizeolak. It has catalogued 170 archaeometallurgical sites of this type in Biscay, and the archeological excavation of some of them has led to the knowledge of the different stages of the production process that took place in these workshops. The team has also experimentally reproduced the work carried out in a mountainside ironworks from the High Middle Ages, and it has currently started the characterization process of this type of activity through the study of the collected materials.