石墨烯/氧化石墨烯-聚乳酸的制备与表征

通过优化Hummers法制备了氧化石墨烯,并用水合肼还原法制备了石墨烯,且对自制的石墨烯和氧化石墨烯进行了测试及分析;然后通过溶液插层法制得纳米级聚乳酸/石墨烯和聚乳酸/氧化石墨烯复合材料,并对其分散性、热学性能以及力学性能进行了分析。对石墨烯和氧化石墨烯的表征结果说明,水合肼可以还原氧化石墨,所制备的石墨烯纯度较高。对聚乳酸/石墨烯和聚乳酸/氧化石墨烯复合材料的性能分析结果表明,在聚乳酸的结晶度、结晶速率和对聚乳酸的结晶成核上,石墨烯比氧化石墨烯具有更优异的表现,但在热稳定性能方面,氧化石墨烯比石墨烯优异;在力学性能方面,有增强和降低两种影响,添加少量氧化石墨烯时聚乳酸的力学性能降低,而含质量分数为0.5%的石墨烯复合材料在拉伸实验和冲击实验中的增强效果较为明显。     

对苯二酚增强纤维素/石墨烯电极的制备

目的 以纳米纤维素气凝胶为骨架,对苯二酚为增强相,并加入还原氧化石墨烯,制备纳米纤维素/还原氧化石墨烯复合电极薄膜,将其应用于超级电容器。方法 采用超声处理制备纳米纤维素/氧化石墨烯混合溶液;在高温高压的环境下,加入对苯二酚,采用水热合成法和冷冻干燥法制备纳米纤维素/还原氧化石墨烯气凝胶,并最终制成电极膜。结果 在纳米纤维素/还原氧化石墨烯复合气凝胶中,石墨烯可将纳米纤维素均匀包裹,形成三维多孔网络结构;纳米纤维素/还原氧化石墨烯复合电极具有良好的电化学性能,在1 mol/L的H2SO4溶液中,当电流扫描速率为1 mA/cm2时,超级电容器比面积电容高达1.621 F/cm2,且在2000次循环测试后,电容保留率为88.3％。结论 以纳米纤维素为基体制备的纳米纤维素/还原氧化石墨复合电极具有良好的电化学性能,可以用作超级电容器电极。     

石墨烯的制备方法

目的探究和比较制备石墨烯的两种常见方法,即氧化还原法和液相剥离法。方法采用液相剥离法,在N-甲基吡咯烷酮中超声剥离膨胀石墨制备单层和多层石墨烯,与氧化还原法制备得到的石墨烯在微观形貌和结构表征方面进行比较,并在此基础上比较不同有机溶剂液相剥离制备的石墨烯分散液的浓度和稳定性。结果液相剥离法得到的石墨烯具有更好的片层结构,分子结构含有较少的杂团和含氧基团,石墨烯片层间距较宽,热稳定性更好。在N-甲基吡咯烷酮中液相剥离制备的石墨烯质量浓度可达0.15 mg/m L,稳定性相对较好,该方法在一系列应用中也更易制备导电薄膜和复合材料。结论相较氧化还原法,液相剥离法制备的石墨烯性能更好。     

石墨烯还原度对P25/石墨烯复合材料光催化活性的影响（英文）

采用高温热剥离和溶剂热过程分别还原氧化石墨和氧化石墨制备出石墨烯,进一步使用所合成的石墨烯与P25通过一步水热过程合成出石墨烯/P25复合材料。样品的光催化活性通过可见光下降解罗丹明B进行评测,其中P25和热剥离还原得到的石墨烯复合比P25和溶剂热还原的石墨烯复合显示出更优异的光催化活性,这是由于热剥离还原的石墨烯具有更高的还原度和更强的电子—空穴分离效率所致。进一步在不同温度下通过热剥离法制备了还原石墨烯,探讨的石墨烯/P25复合材料的光催化活性。较高的剥离温度有利于石墨烯还原程度的改善,导致光催化活性的提高。     

水合肼还原氧化石墨烯的研究

通过改进的Hummers法制备氧化石墨,将获得的氧化石墨进行热剥离以及超声剥离得到双层甚至单层的氧化石墨烯片.然后采用化学还原-水合肼还原的方法去除氧化石墨烯所含的羧基COOH、羟基OH、羰基C=O和环氧基等化学基团.本实验着重研究了还原剂的用量和反应时间对各个化学基团的影响规律.     

氧化石墨烯/纳米纤维素复合薄膜的制备及表征

目的以纳米纤维素为基材,氧化石墨烯为增强相,制备氧化石墨烯/纳米纤维素复合薄膜。方法分别采用酸碱直接处理法和酸碱交替处理法制备纳米纤维素,采用一步氧化法和循环氧化膨胀法制备氧化石墨烯,观测其形貌,得出最佳制备工艺。测试由最优工艺制备的纯纤维素薄膜和复合薄膜的拉伸和润湿性能。结果酸碱交替处理法制备的纳米纤维素薄膜表面结构清晰,且纤维直径可达50 nm,循环氧化-膨胀法制备的氧化石墨烯片层厚度在纳米级别。当纳米纤维素与氧化石墨烯的质量比为20∶1时,氧化石墨烯/纳米纤维素复合薄膜的拉伸强度达149.68MPa,与纯纤维素薄膜相比增加了19.55%,且复合薄膜的接触角大于纯纤维素薄膜的。结论证实了氧化石墨烯能够增强纳米纤维素薄膜,在一定程度上说明氧化石墨烯/纤维素复合薄膜对水分子的阻隔性优于纤维素薄膜。     

逐层法制备碳纳米管/石墨烯透明导电玻璃

以可膨化石墨、天然鳞片石墨、膨胀石墨为原料,采用Hummers法制备氧化石墨,采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜对氧化石墨进行表征,分析比较这三种原材料制备氧化石墨的氧化程度。采用逐层自组装法(LBL)在玻璃基底上制得碳纳米管/氧化石墨复合薄膜,并通过水合肼蒸汽还原法将薄膜还原成碳纳米管/石墨烯透明导电薄膜。最后对薄膜的透光性能和导电性能进行比较,发现三种原料制备的导电玻璃中,以膨胀石墨为原料制备的玻璃导电性能最好,12层时达到了59.1kΩ/sq,但透光性却逊于其他两种原料制备的玻璃片。     

聚乳酸/氧化石墨烯阻隔、阻燃多功能薄膜的制备及其性能研究

本文通过Hummers法制备氧化石墨烯(GO),并通过层层自组装的方法将其与壳聚糖(CS)和聚磷酸铵(APP)组成的阻隔阻燃体系一起应用于聚乳酸(PLA)薄膜表面,制备PLA/GO/CS-APP复合多功能薄膜。通过傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、3D光学数码显微镜和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对复合PLA薄膜的表面化学结构及微观形貌进行了表征,并对复合薄膜的阻燃性能,热稳定性和透氧率进行了测试。实验表明,GO,CS和APP可通过静电吸附于PLA表面,同时对PLA薄膜的热稳定性、阻燃性能和阻隔性均有所提高。     

高速剪切辅助氧化还原法制备石墨烯

采用改进的Hummers法制备氧化石墨(GO),氧化石墨经高剪切分散乳化机高速剪切处理后进行超声波处理剥离得到氧化石墨烯,然后经水合肼还原得到石墨烯。利用激光粒度仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、热重分析仪(TGA)、激光拉曼光谱仪(Raman)和四探针测试仪等对氧化石墨和石墨烯的形貌及结构进行表征。将高剪切处理制备的石墨烯和未经高剪切处理制备的石墨烯进行对比,结果表明,高速剪切作用对氧化石墨的减薄和剥离有明显促进作用,有利于氧化石墨的还原,提高了石墨烯的制备效率和质量。     

L-半胱氨酸还原氧化石墨烯的研究

采用改进Hummers法合成氧化石墨,在水中超声分散获得氧化石墨烯水溶胶,并加入L-半胱氨酸于95℃进行回流反应后得到还原氧化石墨烯。采用X射线衍射仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和热重-差热扫描仪等探讨氧化石墨烯还原前后的结构与性能变化。结果表明,L-半胱氨酸能有效还原氧化石墨烯,且还原后的氧化石墨烯在乙醇中有较好的分散性,其所制薄膜的导电率为500S/m。由此法制备的石墨烯有望广泛应用于电子、光电、电容器和传感器等器件中。     

检定和校准证书的异同与应用

本文介绍了检定和校准以及证书的两点相同、五点不同之处,说明了对检定证书和校准证书的正确应用。     

Heat and Mass Transfer and Modeling and Prediction of Environmental Catastrophes

Basic definitions and concepts of the physicomathematical theory of natural catastrophes are given. Possibilities of mathematical modeling of natural and technogenic catastrophes are discussed in the context of the theory of heat and mass transfer and the mechanics of reacting media. The importance of taking into account conjugate heat and mass exchange in modeling catastrophes is emphasized. A formula for evaluating the probability of a collisional catastrophe is given.     

凝固科学技术与材料

从凝固科学与实践发展的角度介绍了当前凝固材料体系的基本框架和凝固科学主要发展阶段的基本理论。作为材料科学与工程的基本组成，凝固科学技术正在现代科学理论的基础上针对传统材料的改性提高和新材料的发展需求，以控形、控构、控性为目标开展优质铸件的定向、晶体生长、快凝、深过冷及各种新型和超常领域凝固过程的研究，并介绍了其中某些方面和展望了可能的发展趋势。     

Multi-ferroic and magnetoelectric materials and interfaces

The existence of multiple ferroic orders in the same material and the coupling between them have been known for decades. However, these phenomena have mostly remained the theoretical domain owing to the fact that in single-phase materials such couplings are rare and weak. This situation has changed dramatically recently for at least two reasons: first, advances in materials fabrication have made it possible to manufacture these materials in structures of lower dimensionality, such as thin films or wires, or in compound structures such as laminates and epitaxial-layered heterostructures. In these designed materials, new degrees of freedom are accessible in which the coupling between ferroic orders can be greatly enhanced. Second, the miniaturization trend in conventional electronics is approaching the limits beyond which the reduction of the electronic element is becoming more and more difficult. One way to continue the current trends in computer power and storage increase, without further size reduction, is to use multi-functional materials that would enable new device capabilities. Here, we review the field of multi-ferroic (MF) and magnetoelectric (ME) materials, putting the emphasis on electronic effects at ME interfaces and MF tunnel junctions.     

CellML and associated tools and techniques

We have, in the last few years, witnessed the development and availability of an ever increasing number of computer models that describe complex biological structures and processes. The multi-scale and multi-physics nature of these models makes their development particularly challenging, not only from a biological or biophysical viewpoint but also from a mathematical and computational perspective. In addition, the issue of sharing and reusing such models has proved to be particularly problematic, with the published models often lacking information that is required to accurately reproduce the published results. The International Union of Physiological Sciences Physiome Project was launched in 1997 with the aim of tackling the aforementioned issues by providing a framework for the modelling of the human body. As part of this initiative, the specifications of the CellML mark-up language were released in 2001. Now, more than 7 years later, the time has come to assess the situation, in particular with regard to the tools and techniques that are now available to the modelling community. Thus, after introducing CellML, we review and discuss existing editors, validators, online repository, code generators and simulation environments, as well as the CellML Application Program Interface. We also address possible future directions including the need for additional mark-up languages.     

Synthesis and luminescent properties of alkali-metal and ammonium fluorosulfatozirconates and fluorosulfatohafnates

We have synthesized a variety of alkali-metal and ammonium fluorosulfatometallates (titanates, zirconates, and hafnates). The alkali fluorosulfatozirconates and fluorosulfatohafnates have been shown to exhibit efficient roentgenoluminescence (RL) in the UV through visible spectral region, with a maximum at 390–440 nm. Their RL spectra depend significantly on their composition (cation, anion, and water content), coordination of KF and K₂SO₄, and relative amounts of fluorine and SO₄ groups. We have examined the effect of heat treatment on the RL of these compounds. The rubidium and cesium fluorosulfatozirconates Rb₃Zr₂F₉SO₄ · 2H₂O, Cs₂ZrF₂(SO₄)₂ · 2H₂O, Cs₈Zr₄F₂(SO₄)₁₁ · 16H₂O, and Cs₂ZrF₄SO₄ offer the most efficient RL.     

热交换器的分类及优缺点分析

热交换器是将不同温度介质之间的热量通过热传导的形式,由高温介质传递给低温介质,使介质达到生产所需温度的工艺设备,也可作为一种节能设备使用.通过对不同热交换器的结构分析,总结不同热交换器的优缺点、适用环境,为生产工艺设计人员及设备制造单位在选择可降低能耗、提高效率的设备上提供参考.