21世纪的新材料—泡沫金属与泡沫陶瓷

进入二十一世纪,可持续发展已成为全人类共同关注的话题,我国政府高度重视可持续发展,将可持续发展确定为国家的重大发展战略。如何开发新能源和新材料、减少已有能源与材料的消耗,是其中一个重要方面,已成为科     

发泡工艺条件对聚酰亚胺泡沫结构的影响

研究了聚酰亚胺(PI)先驱体和发泡温度等工艺参数对PI泡沫结构的影响,采用DSC,TGA和光学显微镜对PI泡沫结构进行观察及表征.研究发现:先驱体的发泡温度应在150℃左右,随着发泡温度的升高,泡沫的密度降低;泡沫具有突出的开孔特性,开孔率高达93%以上;泡沫的密度主要取决于泡沫孔数和泡孔壁厚.     

试论我国房地产泡沫现象

房地产业是国民经济的支柱性产业,是国家积累资金的重要来源,同时因其和其他产业的高度相关性,它的发展可以极大带动相关产业的发展。在2007年的金融危机中,房地产业的高速发展,为我国扩大内需和保八目标的实现发挥了重要作用。然而,房地产业的过度发展,导致的投资过度、空置率过高、房价上涨过快等现象也表明了泡沫的存在。本文就我国房地产泡沫的表现、原因、影响等方面试图分析,同时提出了相应的对策。     

泡沫吸声材料的研究进展

本文阐述了吸声材料在实际使用中的地位和意义 ,综述了目前研究的几类新型泡沫吸声材料。重点介绍了泡沫金属铝的制备工艺、吸声性能 ,以及泡沫塑料、泡沫玻璃和复合泡沫材料的特性、用途、研究进展和应用现状     

发展中的新型多孔泡沫金属

在研究工作的基础上,评述了具有较大孔径、高孔隙率的新型多孔泡沫金属的结构、物理功能特点、应用前景及其发展趋势。     

防锈闭孔泡沫Al-Mg-Re基合金的制备与性能

在熔体发泡法制备工艺基础上,引入合金化阻燃技术,制备了Al-Mg-Re基防锈闭孔泡沫铝合金.实验结果表明,熔体发泡前同时加入Mg、Ca和稀土制备的防锈闭孔泡沫Al-Mg-Re基合金孔结构均匀,由于Mg和稀土元素的双重作用,Al-Mg-Re基防锈闭孔泡沫铝合金具有优异的耐腐蚀性能.     

一种新型多孔泡沫钨的制备

介绍了一种类网状结构的多孔态泡沫钨及其制备方法。该泡沫钨材料的孔隙分两类:(1)是构成类网状结构且孔径为0.2～1.0mm的主孔;(2)是存在于主孔孔壁和孔棱之上且孔径在几个微米量级的微孔。主孔呈通孔和半通孔结构,并且两类孔隙相互连通,总孔率高于50%。该泡沫钨的制备方法是以有机泡沫材料为基体,采用浸浆干燥烧结法制备而成。其中料浆由钨粉和无毒性有机黏结剂组成,黏度用去离子水调节。     

泡沫铝发泡剂研究进展

泡沫铝是一种新型的轻质结构功能材料.发泡剂是泡沫铝孔隙的形成和泡沫铝孔洞分布均匀的重要影响因素.综述了国内外发泡剂的种类和特点以及在泡沫铝中应用的最新研究进展.泡沫铝中气源主要分为Hz源和CO2气源,氢化物发泡剂应用较为普遍,碳酸盐发泡荆分解产物在泡沫铝中易于潮解而影响泡沫铝的使用.对于发泡剂高温下分解过快问题采取了热处理、化学改性、包覆等不同处理方法以减缓其释气速率.最后对发泡剂的发展提出了自己的见解.     

非晶合金泡沫材料的研究进展

非晶合金泡沫是结合金属泡沫与非晶合金两者优点而发展起来的一类新型结构材料。作为轻质与强韧的完美统一,非晶合金泡沫材料近年来受到国内外学者越来越多的关注。本文简要综述了非晶合金泡沫的发展、制备以及力学性能的研究进展,提出当前工作中存在的问题,并就本领域今后值得关注的问题进行展望。     

碳化硅泡沫陶瓷的制备

碳化硅泡沫陶瓷具有气孔率高、热稳定性好等优良性能,被广泛用作金属溶液过滤器、高温气体和离子交换过滤器、催化剂载体等.重点介绍了碳化硅泡沫陶瓷的种类,阐述了碳化硅泡沫陶瓷的制备方法和影响碳化硅泡沫陶瓷产品性能的因素,展望了碳化硅泡沫陶瓷的发展前景.     

Estimation of Parameters of Universal Distribution of Moments of Failure of Products

A method is proposed for estimating the parameters of a mixture of exponential and Weibull distributions for which the accuracy of preliminary estimates obtained by graphical analysis is refined in accordance with the criterion of maximum likelihood. The efficiency of the proposed method is supported by the results of statistical modeling.     

Evaluation of optical properties of highly scattering media by moments of distributions of times of flight of photons

A novel method for the determination of the optical properties of tissue from time-domain measurements is presented. The data analysis is based on the evaluation of the first moment and the second centralized moment, i.e., the mean time of flight and the variance of the measured distribution of times of flight (DTOF) of photons injected by short (picosecond) laser pulses. Analytical expressions are derived for calculation of absorption and of reduced scattering coefficients from these moments by application of diffusion theory for infinite and semi-infinite homogeneous media. The proposed method was tested on experimental data obtained with phantoms, and results for absorption and reduced scattering coefficients obtained by the proposed method are compared with those obtained by fitting of the same data with analytical solutions of the diffusion equation. Furthermore, the accuracy of the moment analysis was investigated for a range of integration limits of the DTOF. The moment analysis may serve as a comparatively fast method for evaluating optical properties with sufficient accuracy and can be used, e.g., for on-line monitoring of optical properties of biological tissue.     

Assessment of intakes of mixtures of radionuclides

Australia has several uranium mines and a large number of mineral sand mines, with associated processing facilities. Exposures resulting from these mining and processing operations usually involve intakes of mixtures of radionuclides. This work describes the development of a suite of first order, linear compartment models, based on the ICRP Publication 66 respiratory tract model, and an analytical solution to the decay equations, for assessing the consequences of such intakes. The computer programs based on these models directly compute excretion, organ retention and organ and whole-body doses for intakes of either single radionuclides or any mixture of radionuclides belonging to the same radioactive decay chain. The intake can be via inhalation, ingestion or injection, and can be acute, chronic or of limited duration. The starting concentration and degree of secular (dis)equilibrium can be specified for each radionuclide. No assumptions need to be made about the relative magnitudes of the radioactive half-lives of the different nuclides.     

Estimation of potentialities of methods of summation of direct measurement errors

Conventional methods for summation of direct measurement errors are considered. Conditions under which these methods provide consistent results are stated. It is proposed to utilize for characteristic of the total error, its interval estimator or the half-sum of the value obtained by adding up its arithmetic and geometric random errors.Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 4, pp. 10–12, April, 1995.     

空压机轴承箱蜗壳温度探头油封改造

由于空压机进气侧轴承箱蜗壳温度探头密封效果不好,使空压机及其后续管道受到油污染。后将温度探头的O形圈密封改为骨架油封,杜绝了轴承箱漏油问题。文章简介空压机的结构和技术参数,详细介绍了骨架油封的制作和优点。     

Determination of parameters of microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by the method of modeling

The article suggests a method of evaluating the microstructural inhomogeneity of deformation of metals by modeling. The method includes the measurement of deformations of metal according to meshes of a dividing grid with small base and the calculation of the distribution parameters of microdeformations in model representation. It is shown that the modeling method makes it possible objectively to evaluate the microinhomogeneity of deformation of metals independently of the chosen mesh size of the dividing grid. New structural characteristics are introduced: the base and wave of variation expressing the degree of crumbling or amalgamation of metal grains by inhomogeneity of deformation.Translated from Problemy Prochnosti, No. 7, pp. 40–44, July, 1991.     

Characteristics of mechanical properties of materials in studies of conditions of attainment of marginal states

It is shown that conditions of attainment of marginal states in the material of structural components are formulated on the basis of analysis of force and deformation criteria of formation and development of destruction. The parameters of these criteria are data on types of structural materials, standard and special characteristics of their mechanical properties, structural forms of considered elements of the equipment, and their operating stress loading. In this case, the construction of a system of state equations for describing interrelation of current damage, external actions, and responses to them is based on the concept of calculating variations in properties of materials at all stages of the design life cycle.     

Analysis of the rate of propagation of the wave of change of boiling modes

An approximate analytical expression is derived for the velocity of the front of the wave of change of boiling modes on a rod and on a plate. The impact of the Thomson effect and of the heater orientation in the gravity field is included. Adequate agreement is demonstrated between the derived relations and experimental data.     

Analysis of anisotropy of properties on the basis of studies of texture of coarse-grained ingots of thermoelectric materials

An analysis of anisotropy of the properties of a Bi₂Se_0.3Te_2.7 solid solution was carried out using construction of demonstrative surfaces for thermoelectric effectiveness and thermal expansion coefficients. It is shown that the texture is an important factor forming anisotropy of properties and technological fitness of ingots for manufacturing modules. Anisotropy of properties based on the studies of the ingot textures obtained using the float-zone method and Bridgman method (growing thermoelectric plates in a flat cavity) was studied.